‘嘎啦’苹果试管苗生根培养基的筛选及SA对试管苗移栽的生理效应

苹果试管苗生根培养及移栽困难、成活率低,为筛选适宜的生根培养基及移栽的适宜外源物质,试验以继代培养的‘嘎啦’苹果茎段为材料,研究基本培养基及吲哚乙酸(IAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和萘乙酸(NAA)3种生长素及水杨酸(SA)对生根及移栽成活的影响,结果表明：基本培养基、生长素种类及浓度显著影响试管苗的生根率,1/2MS显著优于MS培养基,IAA优先其他两种生长素;外源SA可以显著提高试管苗的移栽成活率,并存在浓度效应。适宜‘嘎啦’生根的培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg.L_-1 IAA,0.8mg.L_-1 SA处理可显著降低气孔开度、提高叶片叶绿素含量而显著提高移栽成活率。     

山桐子茎段离体培养技术研究

山桐子是具有较高观赏树种和利用的树种。通过正交试验等方法对山桐子茎段组织培养外植体灭菌、玻璃苗预防、增殖培养、根诱导等关键技术进行研究。结果表明：在南京山桐子最佳取材时间为4月下旬,在引进日本种源优良母株上选取外植体,经过0.1% HgCl2 消毒15s,灭菌成活率为76.7%;添加3.5%的白砂糖和增加培养容器的透气性,能很好地预防玻璃苗的发生;改良MS附加TDZ、BA、NAA等植物生长调节剂可有效促进试管芽苗增殖和生长,其中TDZ0.05mg/L+BA1.5 mg/L+NAA0.05 mg/L组合最适宜增殖与生长,增殖倍数达5.3,生长高度为2.7cm;适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5 mg/L +NAA0.3 mg/L+LH100 mg/L+S2%,生根率可达87%;经生根的试管苗移栽于蛭石(V):珍珠岩(V):泥炭(V)=6:3:1的混合基质,控制温度20~30℃,相对湿度85%~90%,保湿15~20d,其间适当遮荫,30d后成活率达85%以上。     

金边阔叶麦冬的组培快繁技术研究

旨在研究金边阔叶麦冬的组织培养与快速繁殖技术。分析了植物生长调节剂对金边阔叶麦冬地下茎芽和叶片愈伤组织诱导、芽分化及试管苗生根的影响。结果表明:MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA1.0 mg/L为地下茎芽诱导愈伤组织最佳的培养基,诱导率达100%;MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L为叶片诱导愈伤组织较为理想的培养基,诱导率为52%。地下茎芽形成的愈伤组织其芽诱导率、芽增殖倍数明显高于叶片,诱导率高者达100%,增殖倍数高者为4.6。金边阔叶麦冬试管苗生根的较为合适的培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L和1/2MS+IAA 0.25 mg/L,生根率达100%,平均生根数量在5根以上。试管苗移栽苗成活率达90%以上。     

药用植物穿心莲的组织培养

以带腋芽茎段为外植体,研究不同培养基对穿心莲芽增殖的影响、不同代数试管苗生长的差异以及试管苗生根的试验。结果表明:穿心莲生长的最适合基本培养基是MS培养基;丛生芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+KT1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L;3代以内试管苗生长状况良好;试管苗生根最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA1mg/L。     

‘黑珍珠’番茄植株再生体系的研究

为了研究‘黑珍珠’番茄植株再生,以‘黑珍珠’番茄幼嫩叶片为外植体诱导愈伤组织,通过愈伤组织诱导培养、愈伤组织分化培养、不定芽增殖培养、生根培养和试管苗移栽,建立高效快速的‘黑珍珠’番茄再生体系。结果表明：最适宜的诱导叶片愈伤组织的培养基为MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA,叶片外植体愈伤组织诱导率最高可达98.2%;诱导出的愈伤组织在MS+ 1.5 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.2 mg/L IBA培养基上能很好的分化出不定芽;MS+4.0 mg/L KT+ 0.01 mg/L IBA 培养基可实现不定芽芽增殖;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+ (0.05~0.08) mg/L NAA,试管苗移栽成活率达92%。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗简化培养、低成本扩繁技术研究

以马铃薯费鸟瑞它脱毒试管苗为试验材料,用MS、1/2MS不同含量的琼脂培养基、MS液体培养基不同使用量,组成25个试管苗快繁试验培养基,并对各培养基的培养效果进行分析.结果表明:MS+0.2%琼脂+2%食用白糖试管苗生长快,长势好,可替代MS全量培养基,能降低成本,提高经济效益;1/2MS+O.2%琼脂+2%食用白糖试管苗长势正常,与MS培养基培养的试管苗差异不大,既可减少MS培养基药品使用量,又降低生产成本;MS+2%食用白糖,无琼脂液体培养基用量为6-8 ml,省去琼脂、节省培养基用量、大幅度降低成本,节约能源,提高接种速度,试管苗长势强,可作为移栽前快繁培养基.     

椰子胚培试管苗的移栽成活率研究

摘要：以海南高种椰子胚培试管苗为移栽试材,研究了不同胚培苗质量﹑栽培基质、移栽环境对椰子胚培试管苗移栽成活率的影响。结果表明,椰子胚培苗移栽成活的关键在于胚培苗的质量,根系发达﹑生长健壮的胚培苗成活率高。正常苗﹑少根苗﹑污染苗的移栽成活率分别为86.7%﹑29.5%﹑36.4%。最理想的移栽基质为草炭：椰糠：河砂=2：1：1;在培养室环境下移栽效果最佳。     

菊花试管苗不同基质的试验

花卉试管苗在繁殖培育过程中,存在的问题主要是移栽的成活率低,以致影响到有的花卉试管苗很难在生产上推广应用。因此,不解决花卉试管苗移栽成活的障碍,就无法达到快速繁殖的经济效益。现仅就菊花品种“绿牡丹”以不同基质对生根苗和扦插苗生长的影响,作简要介绍: 我们采用蛭石、珍珠岩、粗砂和砻糠灰等四种不同基质作比较。在喷雾条件下种植,无论是生根苗或诱芽得到的芽条直接扦插,其结果都是一致的。从生根苗看(表     

白术同源四倍体扩繁移栽试验

为获得白术试管苗的扩繁最适培养基及最适宜移栽条件,以经过鉴定的白术无菌同源二倍体、四倍体中间繁殖体为试材,探究最适扩繁培养基及不同移栽基质、基质含水量对试管苗移栽的影响。结果表明:增殖率最大的扩繁培养基为MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/LNAA,增殖倍数达7.67;在基质配比为园土+碳渣(2∶1)、基质含水量为75%～85%的移栽条件下,白术二倍体试管苗的成活率为54.17%,白术四倍体试管苗的成活率为66.67%。     

辽东木忽木组织培养技术研究

试验结果表明将辽东木忽木半木质化枝条接入诱导培养基MS+BA2+IBM0.5 (pH 5.7)中.5周后转接到MS+BA1+IBM0.2中的继代培养,以侧芽和不定芽丛两种形式增殖,每5周继代一次,获得大量健壮芽苗,再接种到 1/2MS+IBM0.5+NAA0.2+活性炭3 g的培养基上生根一个月.组培所需温度在20～28℃,1500 lx,每日照射12 h.生根苗过度移栽到基质中,在保护地条件下移苗基本都能成活.     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.