黑刺粉虱的发生、为害及其生物防治国内研究概况

黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus为茶园和柑桔园为害严重的粉虱种类之一。本文概述了黑刺粉虱在国内分布、寄主种类、发生与为害等,探讨了近年来生物防治在控制黑刺粉虱为害中的作用,包括寄生性天敌、捕食天敌及昆虫病原性真菌等的利用,以期为黑刺粉虱的综合治理提供参考。     

Presence of the invasive whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Greece

Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), commonly known as the citrus (or orange) spiny whitefly, is an important pest of various economic crops such as citrus and tea and causes severe economic losses. It is reported for the first time in Greece, in the island of Corfu (North‐West Greece) on sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis). Morphological and molecular data has been used for species identification. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene from Greek populations have been compared with sequences of the species from Italy and Montenegro, as well as with COI sequences retrieved from GenBank, to examine the genetic diversity of the species. Based on the preliminary results, it appears that the population from Corfu probably arose through several independent introductions.     

螺旋粉虱的分子检测方法

螺旋粉虱(Aleurodicus dispersus)是一种世界性重要入侵害虫。针对其体型微小难以进行准确、快速鉴别,以及对其卵、若虫及不完整标本更是难以鉴别的难题,本文研究了它的分子标记快速检测方法。利用螺旋粉虱的CO I基因序列设计1对特异性引物,其扩增片段为399 bp。结果表明:此引物只对螺旋粉虱CO I基因具有特异性扩增,而对其他粉虱类昆虫不具有特异性扩增条带;该引物不仅能快速准确检测成虫,而且对其他虫态(卵、若虫和拟蛹等)亦具有同样的检测能力;同时,此检测方法灵敏度高,对成虫的检测限达到1/4000头。该检测方法的建立,为有效防控螺旋粉虱在我国的进一步扩散蔓延和危害提供了技术保障。     

Insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) populations from Crete

The resistance levels to alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, pirimiphos-methyl, endosulfan and imidacloprid were determined in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) from Crete. Five B tabaci populations collected from greenhouse and outdoor crops were bioassayed and compared with a reference susceptible strain. Bemisia tabaci collected in a floriculture greenhouse exhibited the highest resistance against all insecticides: at LC50, resistance factors were 23-fold for bifenthrin, 80-fold for alpha-cypermethrin, 18-fold for pirimiphos-methyl, 58-fold for endosulfan and 730-fold for imidacloprid. A population collected on outdoor melons was more susceptible than the reference strain against all insecticides tested, suggesting the occurrence of local highly susceptible B tabaci populations in 'refugia'. In pairwise comparisons of resistance levels, correlation was observed between the LC50 values of the pyrethroid insecticides bifenthrin and alpha-cypermethrin.     

不同栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱发生规律

为明确北方茶园黑刺粉虱发生规律, 2016年—2017年于山东烟台系统研究了日光温室盖保温被?日光温室及露地3种栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱发生规律?结果表明, 3种栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱均以若虫在叶片背面越冬, 1年发生4代, 世代重叠严重?日光温室盖保温被栽培模式越冬代成虫羽化较日光温室和露地栽培发生早28 d左右, 日光温室和露地栽培模式下黑刺粉虱发生期差异不显著?3种栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱成虫全年均有4次发生高峰期, 第1次高峰期日光温室盖保温被栽培模式较日光温室早20 d左右, 日光温室较露地早30 d左右?黑刺粉虱发生量依次为日光温室>露地>日光温室盖保温被, 均于10月上旬陆续以3龄若虫在叶片背面越冬?     

First record of the red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Tuscany (Italy)

The invasive Australian pest Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, the red gum lerp psyllid, is recorded for the first time in Tuscany (Italy). Its occurrence in this new region, just 2 years after its first record in Italy, shows how rapidly its population has found suitable environmental conditions in Italian territories.     

First record of Pityophthorus solus (Blackman, ) in Europe

First records of Pityophthorus solus (Blackman, 1928 ) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) for Europe are reported. Twenty one specimens were obtained unintentionally during surveys for Ips sexdentatus (Boemer, 1767) and for Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, 1928 using multiple funnel traps baited with specific attractants for both species in the Basque Country (Northern Spain).     

First record of Bregmatothrips dimorphus (Priesner, 1919) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Tunisia

During an inventory study of thrips species carried out in the central‐eastern coastal region of Tunisia in 2010 and 2011, Bregmatothrips dimorphus (Priesner, 1919) (Thysanoptera; Thripidae) was found on two host plants; barley (Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). This is the first record of B. dimorphus in Tunisia. Its distribution in other parts of the world and taxonomic characteristics are briefly presented.     

鳊卡颖蜡蝉（Caristianus indicus Distant）中国新记录—（同翅目：颖蜡蝉科）

在整理江西安远三百山所采集同翅目昆虫标本时 ,发现中国记录种——印度卡颖蜡蝉 ,现记录如下 :印度卡颖蜡蝉 Caristianus indicus Distant,1 91 6(图 1 )体长 :雄虫 3 .5mm,雌虫 3 .6mm;体连翅长 :雄虫 5mm,雌虫 5.5mm。头浅灰色或浅黄褐 ,窄于前胸背板 ,突出两复眼之间 ,中央具有1纵脊 ,顶端处有 2条黑色的短纵纹 ,侧缘呈薄片状强烈上翘 ,上有二条黑斜纹。额及唇　基半漆黑色 ,喙及唇基部端半淡青灰白 ,喙端深黑 ,伸达中足基节。额的中央有 1“Y”字形脊 ,其两侧端大半上翘显著 ,翅边上有 3个浅黄白小斑纹 ,复眼及触角漆黑。前胸背板及…     

Life table of Delphastus catalinae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on cotton whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) as prey

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Developmental time, longevity and fecundity of Delphastus catalinae (Horn), a predator of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), were evaluated under laboratory...     

双钩巢粉虱产卵分泌物的化学成分

双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin原产于南美洲,现已分布于美国的佛罗里达、夏威夷和中国的香港、广东、广西、海南等地。这种粉虱的产卵方式与螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus disperses Russell等相似,卵粒以白色的分泌物覆盖。本文采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术研究了双钩巢粉虱产卵分泌物的化学成分。以甲酯化和未甲酯化两种处理方法测定表明,该粉虱产卵蜡泌物主要由一系列烃类、酯类及脂肪酸构成,同时还含有少量的酮类、酚类及醇类。主要成分是1,2-苯二羧酸二异辛酯、15-甲基-十六酸、邻苯二羧酸单(2-乙基己基)酯、3,8-二甲基十一烷、1-乙酰基-1,2-环氧戊烷等。还将该虫产卵分泌物的化学成分与螺旋粉虱作了对比,讨论了产卵蜡泌物在分类及防治中的意义。     

Resistance of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides in southern Spain with special reference to neonicotinoids

The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) which occurs in various parts of the world, has developed a high degree of resistance against several chemical classes of insecticide, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The present studies were done in order to monitor the susceptibility of whitefly populations in southern Spain to insecticides commonly used there. Systemic bioassays using Spanish field populations of B tabaci collected in 1994, 1996 and 1998 indicated an increase, albeit a slow one, in resistance to imidacloprid over this period. Comparative studies of other neonicotinoids using the same bioassay revealed a high degree of cross‐resistance to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. Leaf‐dip bioassays with adult females from these populations revealed a high level of resistance to cyfluthrin, endosulfan, monocrotophos, methamidophos, and pymetrozine, each at 200 mg litre⁻¹. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were tested against second‐instar nymphs and eggs, respectively. Buprofezin also showed a lower efficacy against ESP‐98, a strain of B tabaci received from Almeria in 1998, but pyriproxyfen resistance was not obvious when tested against eggs of strain ESP‐98. Field trials in 1998 revealed good efficacy of imidacloprid in one farm in the Almeria region and two greenhouses in Murcia and Sevilla, but a loss of activity by imidacloprid in another farm in the Almeria region. Cross‐resistance between imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was also confirmed under field conditions. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

丽蚜小蜂对B型烟粉虱不同利它素源的行为反应

在室内采用培养皿生测法测定了丽蚜小蜂对B型烟粉虱各虫态11种可能利它素信息源的寄主搜索和选择行为。结果显示：烟粉虱3龄若虫、4龄若虫和蜜露诱发丽蚜小蜂产生较强烈的搜索行为,并且在近距离条件下表现出显著的正趋向性和选择性;丽蚜小蜂对1龄若虫、2龄若虫、翅、蜕、若虫血淋巴、若虫表皮和卵的定向选择和搜索行为较弱或没有反应;丽蚜小蜂只对烟粉虱3龄、4龄若虫具较高刺探率,而对蜜露几乎无刺探行为。综合分析认为,烟粉虱3龄、4龄若虫和蜜露中均存在丽蚜小蜂寄主寻找的寄主利它素,并且这种利它素只在近距离内表现出引诱作用;蜜露中的利它素仅在丽蚜小蜂寄主搜索行为中具有导向作用,而无寄主定位作用;烟粉虱3龄和4龄若虫中的利它素则在丽蚜小蜂寄主搜索和寄主定位中均具有重要作用。     

First record of Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae,Scolytinae) in the Mediterranean scrubland in Southern Italy,and its co-presence with the co-generic species X. compactus (Eichhoff) and X. crassiusculus (Motschulsky)

In the Circeo National Park (Italy), a survey assessed the occurrence of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus in addition to the conspecifics X. compactus and X. crassiusculus. This is the first report in Europe of the co-presence of three Xylosandrus species, in an evergreen Mediterranean maquis dominated by holm oaks (Quercus ilex L.). Although no damage caused by X. germanus has been observed, the richness of plant species in the Circeo National Park may allow the establishment of this highly polyphagous ambrosia beetle, possibly endangering this native ecosystem. The dominance in the associated fungal community of Ambrosiella grosmanniae and Fusarium spp. reflects a stable symbiotic relationship of these taxa with X. germanus.     

First records of the ash whitefly Siphoninus phillyreae Haliday (Hemiptera,Aleyrodidae) in Belgium

In recent years, a whitefly species has become more abundant in Belgian pear orchards, and a survey over six locations in the province of Limburg in 2017 showed it to be exclusively Siphoninus phillyreae Haliday, the ash whitefly. Although the puparia of the species are fairly easy to recognize in the field, S. phillyreae most probably has previously been overlooked but present in Belgium. Although the species is an important pest in some parts of the world, so far no significant damage has been observed in Belgian pear orchards. This is the first report of this pest in Belgium.     

First record of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Burundi

This study to detect Tuta absoluta was carried out at four sites in western Burundi from March to July 2018. Delta traps containing Tutrack pheromone and sticky paper were installed in tomato fields at 40 cm from the ground. Sample collection was carried out twice a week. The results confirmed the presence of T. absoluta in Burundi. Effective pest control is required to avoid heavy losses on tomato production.     

Delphastus catalinae and Coleomegilla maculata lengi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as biological control agents of the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Predation efficacy and compatibility of the predatory lady beetles Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake and Delphastus catalinae (Horn) against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) were studied in laboratory on glabrous fuchsia (Fuchsia hybrida Voss cv Lena Corolla) and pubescent poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd ex Klotzch cv Dark Red Annette Hegg). On glabrous plants (fuchsia), fourth-instar and adults of C maculata were the most efficient, both against whitefly eggs and pupae. On pubescent plants (poinsettia), the larger stages of C maculata were negatively affected and less efficient than adults of D catalinae. The presence of plant structure did not affect the voracity of either predator species. Finally, the simultaneous use of both predator species generated inter-specific competition. These results provide recommendations for biological control of whitefly in horticultural greenhouses.     

The presence of Rickettsia is associated with increased susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides

BACKGROUND: The presence of certain symbiotic microorganisms may be associated with insecticide resistance in insects. The authors compared the susceptibility of two isofemale lines, Rickettsia-plus and Rickettsia-free, of the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to major insecticides from different chemical groups, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, pyriproxyfen, spiromesifen and diafenthiuron. RESULTS: While the Rickettsia-plus and Rickettsia-free lines showed no differences in their susceptibility to imidacloprid and diafenthiuron, higher susceptibility of the Rickettsia-plus line to acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, spiromesifen and especially pyriproxyfen was observed. LC(90) values indicated that the Rickettsia-free line was 15-fold more resistant to pyriproxyfen than the Rickettsia-plus line. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that the infection status of B. tabaci populations by Rickettsia is an important consideration that should be taken into account when performing resistance monitoring studies, and may help in understanding the dynamics of B. tabaci resistance, symbiont-pest associations in agricultural systems and the biological impact of Rickettsia on whitefly biology.