黑鲷工厂化育苗研究(Ⅰ)——小水体育苗试验

本文报道了1981～1983年黑鲷小水体工厂化育苗试验结果。涉及到亲鱼捕捞、暂养、自然产卵、人工催产、采卵孵化、鱼苗发育与生长、饵料系列、培苗条件以及工厂化育苗工艺等方面。另外,还提出了黑鲷苗各发育期的形态与生态特征检索表,可供育苗生产参改。     

双棘黄姑鱼鱼苗培育技术

采用牡蛎受精卵-轮虫-丰年虫幼体-桡足类-鱼肉糜育苗饵料系列,双棘黄姑鱼的育苗水温为23.5℃以上,2003年出苗全长4.11cm鱼苗12万尾;2004年出苗全长2.7 cm鱼苗8万尾;2005年出苗全长3.41 cm鱼苗33.7万尾,2005年育苗单位水体出苗率为3 510尾/m3,育苗成活率为41.6%.双棘黄姑鱼苗的特点为前期生长很慢而15日龄后生长极快,全长1.0 cm开始出现严重的自相残杀现象.     

北方盐碱池塘鱼苗培育池施肥后轮虫高峰期观察

轮虫是淡水浮游动物的主要组成部分,具有来源广、繁殖迅速、适应性强、易于培养、营养丰富、大小适宜、游泳速度慢、在水体中分布均匀、不污染水质等优点.是绝大部分鱼类的鱼苗从内源性营养向外源性营养转化阶段中最适口的优质饵料.在生产实践中,提高鱼苗培育水体中轮虫的含量是降低生产成本、提高育苗培育率的关键.一、试验方法1.池塘清理及池塘条件鱼苗培育池采用生石灰彻底消毒清塘,清塘后人工机械搅动底泥,施有机粪肥(发酵腐熟鸡粪),分期注入水.     

黑鲷育苗技术

研究了黑鲷苗种培育的适宜环境、饵料选择、日常管理、病害防治等一套繁育流程。在300m3育苗水体中,最终培育出3cm黑鲪鱼苗53.9万尾,成活率30.7%。     

黑鲪工厂化育苗技术研究

研究了亲鱼选择、暂养和苗种的饵料转换、日常管理和病害防治等一套工艺流程，在３００ｍ３育苗水体中，育出２６．７ｍｍ以上黑鲪鱼苗３２．１５万尾，鱼苗培育成活率３３．５％。专家鉴定认为，本成果总体达国内先进水平，其中产仔率、单位水体出苗量等方面属国内领先。     

黑鲪育苗技术的研究

研究了黑鲪亲鱼的选择、运输、暂养,苗种培育的适宜环境、饵料选择、日常管理、病害防治等一套繁育流程。在240m~3育苗水体中,最终培育出3cm黑鲪鱼苗43.7万尾,成活率22.7%。     

黑Jun工厂化育苗技术研究

研究了亲鱼选择、暂养和苗种的饵料转换、日常管理和病害防治等一套工艺流程，在３００ｍ＾３育苗水体中，育出２６．７ｍｍ以上黑Ｊｕｎ鱼苗３２．１５万尾，鱼苗培育成活率３３．５％。专家鉴定认为，本成果总体达国内先进水平，其中产仔率、单位水体出苗量等方面属国内领先。     

豹纹鳃棘鲈室外大型水泥池的人工育苗技术

为了探索利用室外大型水泥池进行豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)人工育苗的技术模式,通过在室外大型水泥池顶部加盖遮光太阳板半封闭顶棚,对育苗水体进行控光、控温和防雨,进行该鱼人工育苗过程中水处理技术、饵料培育技术和育苗方法的研究。2010年3～7月,累计放卵5批次,共培育出全长2.5～3.0 cm的鱼苗21.9×104ind,受精卵平均孵化率达81.4%,育苗平均成活率达5.59%;初孵仔鱼平均全长1.6mm,在早期发育阶段每经历一次饵料转变,都会带来仔稚幼鱼的快速增长;该鱼摄食时间主要集中在白天,随着个体生长发育,饵料出现顺序依次为原生动物、轮虫、桡足类、蒙古裸腹蚤。研究表明,豹纹鳃棘鲈室外大型水泥池人工育苗模式克服了池塘育苗受自然环境影响大和室内水泥池育苗水体小、开口饵料匮乏的缺点,育苗成功率和出苗率比较稳定。     

外源生物饵料对室内培育鲫鱼苗种的影响

<正>当前鲫鱼苗种培育主要采用传统池塘生态育苗方式进行,这种方式因饵料丰富、水体空间大等优点而被广泛利用。然而这种方式易受外界环境因素(如气温、病菌等)影响,病害极易发生,成活率较低,与苗种需求量增的矛盾逐渐凸显。近年来,人工室内高密度培育鱼苗不断发展,但人工饲料的使用也存在许多限制性因素,如幼鱼对饲料的利用能力较弱,且相对于池塘养殖生态系统,室内培育缺少食物链的完整结构,饵料单一,制约了鱼苗的生长,难以达     

真鲷全人工工厂化育苗技术研究

利用人工培育和海捕的真鲷亲鱼，进行自然产卵，而后观察了真鲷胚胎发育过程，用小型轮虫、微胶囊饵料配合蛋黄，海湾扇贝卵作为开口饵料，进行鱼苗前期培育，以鱼、虾、蟹肉糜为饵料进行后期培育。在４３４．８ｍ＾３水体中，一次育出体长０．４９￣２．５０ｃｍ的真鲷仔稚鱼４８４万尾。专家鉴定认为，单位水体育苗量进入国际先进行列，居国内领先水平。     

Induced breeding and larval rearing of the endangered Australian freshwater fish trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier) (Percichthyidae)

Abstract. The endangered Australian freshwater fish trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier), was the subject of a captive breeding programme to produce fry for reintroduction into the wild. Trout cod broodfish were maintained in earthen ponds for up to 5 years and underwent gonadal maturation each spring but did not spawn in the ponds. Infestations of the protozoan parasite Chilodonella hexasticha caused the death of at least 21 broodfish. Mature fish, removed from ponds when water temperatures had reached or exceeded 16°C, had a higher proportion of atretic oocytes and fewer fish spawned successfully compared to fish removed at lower temperatures. Ovulation was induced by a single injection of 1000–3000 iu/kg HCG. Between 1188 and 11338 eggs ranging from 2·5 to 3·6 mm in diameter were stripped from individual fish. Hatching commenced on days 5–9 and continued for up to 10 days (at 15·5–23°C). Larvae commenced feeding on days 21–25. Trout cod larvae were grown out to fry (363.3–48.6mm total length [TL]) in fertilized fry rearing ponds then released. Between 1986 and 1989, 8420 trout cod fry were released into several sites in the upper Murray River and upper Murrumbidgee River, and reports indicate that released fish are surviving.     

中华沙鳅人工繁殖技术初探

对从长江、金沙江和岷江水域中收集质量为25.0～100.0 g的中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris Günther)进行人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖试验.结果显示:野生中华沙鳅能在人工饲养条件下生长和繁殖.注射人工催产药物鲤鱼脑垂体(PC)和促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催...     

Growth of control and androgen-treated Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), during treatment, nursery and grow-out phases in tropical fish ponds

Abstract. Masculinization of sexually undifferentiated tilapia fry is achieved by oral administration of the androgen 17-α methyltestosterone (MT). An anabolic response to androgen treatment of tilapia has been reported. Growth of control and MT-treated tilapia was evaluated during consecutive treatment, nursery, and grow-out phases under conditions approximating commercial, semi-intensive tilapia farms in Central America. Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry were fed a 0 or 60 mg/kg MT diet for 28 days. Growth curves for control and MT-treated fish did not have significantly different slopes. Mean harvest fry weights were similar, averaging 0·1 g/fry for both treatments. Fry were subsequently stocked into 0·2-ha nursery ponds for 94 days growth. Slopes of control and MT-treated fish growth curves were not significantly different. Mean final individual weights did not differ significantly between treatments. Control fish did not deviate significantly from the1:1 male: female ratio, but MT-treated fish were 97% males. Control male and MT-treated male fingerlings were stocked for grow-out into 0·1-ha organically fertilized earthen ponds. No significant difference in growth was observed between control and MT-treated fish. Mean gross yields after 150 days and mean final individual weights were similar for both treatments.     

六线鱼人工育苗技术研究

使用从海区采集和人工催产获得的六线鱼卵块１０９１ｇ,孵化仔鱼１１万尾,平均孵化率为５６％,仔鱼经４５～６０天培育,育成全长２．５～４．０ｃｍ,鱼种１．８３万尾,平均成活率２４．４％,专家验收认为,育苗量,苗种规格及生长速度均处国内领先水平,对卵块收集,人工孵化,苗种生长,饵料系列,育苗病害,饵料生物培育等问题进行了研讨。     

Effects of Fertilization and of Fry Stocking Density on Pond Production of Fingerling Walleye,Stizostedion vitreum

The influence of fertilization and of fry stocking density on production of fingering walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, was evaluated in earthen ponds at North Platte State Fish Hatchery, North Platte, Nebraska. In 1990, five 0.4-ha ponds were fertilized with alfalfa pellets, and five were fertilized with soybean meal; four unfertilized ponds served as controls. All ponds were stocked with D2 (Dl = the day at hatch) walleye fry at 250.000ha. Differences in yield, number of fingerlings harvested, mean length, and mean weight amone treatments were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). In 691, two fertilization schedules (no fertilizer and fertilization with alfalfa pellets) and two fry stocking rates (250.000 and 375,000 fry/ha) were evaluated. Four ponds were used for each treatment. Statistically significant treatment differences were found in yield, number of fingerlings harvested/ha, average length, and average weight. Yield was higher in fertilized ponds compared with yield from unfertilized ponds at both stocking densities, but yield did not differ significantly between stocking density treatments given the same fertilizer treatment. Survival did not differ between density treatments, but total number of fish harvested was significantly greater from ponds stocked at the higher density. Fingerlings with the largest average weight were raised in fertilized ponds that were stocked at 250,00O/ha, while the smallest fingerlings were from unfertilized ponds that were stocked at 375,000ka. Days in culture interval, which varied among ponds by 9 days in 1990 and 10 days in 1991, was significantly correlated with most production variables in 1990 and with all production variables in 1991. Means of water quality variables were not significantly different between fertilized and unfertilized ponds in either year, but significant differences were found in means of three water quality variables between 1990 and 1991. Yield in both fertilized and unfertilized ponds in 1991 was less than in 1990.     

红白鲫人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术

采用鱼用LRH-A2催产剂,体腔注射法催情红白鲫亲鱼,使其同步产卵,经池塘孵化、鱼苗培育可以获得批量红白鲫鱼苗。     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖及鱼苗培育试验

以鲜鱼虾肉、自制配合料为饵料，在室内和室外水泥池内进行黄颡鱼亲鱼培育；采用DOM、PG、LHRH－A2、HCG不同剂量组合进行人工催产；采用静水和微流水两种方法进行孵化。在孵化网箱内进行鱼苗培育。结果表明：黄颡鱼亲鱼喜食新鲜饵料，也易驯食配合饲料，室内和室外人工条件下均能获得成熟亲鱼；用DOM＋HGG＋LHRH－A2或PG＋HCG＋LHRH－A2的混合剂人工催产，微流水孵化效果较好，催产率为50％－1005，受精率为60％－90％，孵化率达70％－90％；小网箱培育鱼苗，成活率高，规格整齐。     

Diet composition of sturgeon fry (Acipenser persicus) reared in fertilized earthen ponds

Artificial rearing of fry has been introduced as an alternative to supply fry and juvenile sturgeon in order to restock the depleted sturgeon population in the Caspian Sea. The aim of this study is to assess the feed selection characteristics of sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fry during the period in which they stay in earthen ponds before being released into the river. Sturgeon fry weighing around 150 mg were introduced into five almost similar‐sized earthen ponds. The ponds were enriched with fertilizer to supply natural food for the fries. A weekly sample of six specimens was collected from each pond during the 5 weeks of the experiment. All collected fish were weighed and then dissected for inspection of the stomach and the intestine content. The overall stomach content measured from 150 fish showed that around 74% of the stomach content was composed of chironomids and the rest was daphnia and cyclops. At the beginning of the study (first 2 weeks), sturgeon fry feed more on daphnia and cyclops; this trend, however, reversed in the last 2 weeks of the study. In conclusion, sturgeon fry feed on three prey groups—chironomids, daphnia and cyclops—during their lifespan in earthen pond. Feeding on chironomids larvae increased with sturgeon fry size.     

Fertilizing fish ponds: III. Growth of Mugil capito in Egypt by pond fertilization and feeding

The possibility of increasing the growth rate of M. capito fry by using supplemental artificial food and different fertilizers in seven ponds at Mex Experimental Station, Alexandria, is discussed. Growth was indicated by an increase in the length and weight of the fish.The experiment demonstrated different patterns of growth of M. capito. The best growth rates for the adolescent fish are achieved by using supplemental artificial food composed of powdered blood and flour. The next best results are obtained with the cheaper cotton seed cake and rice bran. The increase in the growth rate of the fish in the ponds fertilized with superphosphate and superphosphate plus nitrate, is lower for the 6–12-month-old fish, while it is highest from the fry stage until 6 months of age. Obviously there is a considerable difference between the treated and untreated ponds.     

盐度对大银鱼受精卵孵化率的影响

进行了不同盐度对大银鱼受精卵孵化率的影响试验,结果表明,受精卵能够在２０以下盐度孵出仔鱼,但孵化率随盐度的升高而降低,孵出的仔鱼畸形随盐度的升高而升高,胚胎发育速度也相应减慢 。