城市园林与夏季鸟类群落结构研究

运用路线调查法以保定市为例,研究了城市园林不同植被中夏季鸟类群落的物种多样性、均匀度及群落间的相似性,结果表明:城市园林不同植被夏季鸟类群落的物种多样性排序为:阔叶林>水边草地>针叶林>灌丛。均匀性排序为:水边草地>灌丛>针叶林>阔叶林,不同植被夏季鸟类群落组成差异显著。并对城市园林林木配置提出了建议。     

都市型农业与城郊型农业的特征比较与本质差异

本文从城郊型农业与都市型农业的内涵入手，进而从生成起点，生长区域，产业结构，产出形态和产业布局等方面，揭示了都市型农业与城郊型农业的特征，指出了都市型农业，具有比其他农业形态无可比拟的与城市及其产业融合的本质条件，从而使其从内涵内质到外延外表都将发生重大而深刻的变化，逐步成为与城市其他产业，除了劳动对象外，具有基本相同一致的产业形态和生产方式，而这，恰恰构成了都市型农业与城市郊型农业的本质特征及其差异。     

The illusion of control: industrialized agriculture,nature, and food safety

I explore the role of nature in the agrifood system and how attempts to fit food production into a large-scale manufacturing model has lead to widespread outbreaks of food borne illness. I illustrate how industrial processing of leafy greens is related to the outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 associated with spinach in the fall of 2006. I also use this example to show how industry attempts to create the illusion of control while failing to address weaknesses in current processing systems. The leafy greens industry has focused efforts on sterilizing the growing environment and adopting new technologies, while neglecting to change the concentrated structure of processing systems. Repeated breakdowns in these systems illustrate a widening fault line between attempted and failed control of nature in industrial food production.

日本都市农业的理论与政策对我国都市农业的启示

纵览日本城市扩张与都市农业的发展历程,与我国近年来的城市化进程,尤其是东部沿海地区的经济发展有着很多的相同之处,再加上日本与我国同样具备农户生产规模零散的东方农业的特性.了解、研究日本都市农业的发展史,考察其理论与政策的经验教训,对我国现阶段都市农业的发展有着十分重要的借鉴意义.     

城市园林遭遇自然灾害的应急措施浅析

以焦作市群英河游园为例,介绍了近年来天气自然灾害对本市园林树木的影响、危害及处理措施。旨在呼吁全社会象关心我们的朋友一样,在危难中及时关爱绿色、保护树木,维护我们人类自己的生存环境。     

中国生态农业的主要问题及其发展重点与方向

作者简述了中国生态农业的内涵与特征 ,分析了我国生态农业发展中存在的主要问题 ,提出了中国生态农业的发展重点与方向应当是 :构建具有中国特色的生态农业理论体系、与 WTO规则相适应的可持续经营管理体系、研究方法与评价体系和可持续发展创新体系     

Contributing to food security in urban areas: differences between urban agriculture and peri-urban agriculture in the Global North

Food security is becoming an increasingly relevant topic in the Global North, especially in urban areas. Because such areas do not always have good access to nutritionally adequate food, the question of how to supply them is an urgent priority in order to maintain a healthy population. Urban and peri-urban agriculture, as sources of local fresh food, could play an important role. Whereas some scholars do not differentiate between peri-urban and urban agriculture, seeing them as a single entity, our hypothesis is that they are distinct, and that this has important consequences for food security and other issues. This has knock-on effects for food system planning and has not yet been appropriately analysed. The objectives of this study are to provide a systematic understanding of urban and peri-urban agriculture in the Global North, showing their similarities and differences, and to analyse their impact on urban food security. To this end, an extensive literature review was conducted, resulting in the identification and comparison of their spatial, ecological and socio-economic characteristics. The findings are discussed in terms of their impact on food security in relation to the four levels of the food system: food production, processing, distribution and consumption. The results show that urban and peri-urban agriculture in the Global North indeed differ in most of their characteristics and consequently also in their ability to meet the food needs of urban inhabitants. While urban agriculture still meets food needs mainly at the household level, peri-urban agriculture can provide larger quantities and has broader distribution pathways, giving it a separate status in terms of food security. Nevertheless, both possess (unused) potential, making them valuable for urban food planning, and both face similar threats regarding urbanisation pressures, necessitating adequate planning measures.     

杭州都市农业园区现状与发展对策

通过对杭州市50个都市农业园区普查和调研分析,认为杭州都市农业园区在产业特色、扩大规模、科技运用、带动农户等方面取得了一定成效,但在制度创新、产业化经营和环境优化方面还比较滞后.对此,提出必须加强产业化经营、完善运行机制、出台优惠政策以及提供优质服务等发展对策,以促进园区后续功能的发挥.     

探讨城市园林植物配置的生态方法

生态绿化的发展作为城市建设的重点,其中园林植物的种植也越来越被重视。园林植 物的配置要从人与自然和谐统一的理念出发,根据不同城市的不同现状因地制宜地进行生态规 划。科学的园林植物配置能够有效改善城市生态环境,促进居民环保意识的提升,为城市发展 做出重大贡献。但目前我国的园林植物配置还存在一定的问题,相关人员应及时调整策略以为 更好地发展。     

A climate for commerce: the political agronomy of conservation agriculture in Zambia

The promotion of conservation agriculture (CA) for smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa is subject to ongoing scholarly and public debate regarding the evidence-base and the agenda-setting power of involved stakeholders. We undertake a political analysis of CA in Zambia that combines a qualitative case study of a flagship CA initiative with a quantitative analysis of a nationally representative dataset on agricultural practices. This analysis moves from an investigation of the knowledge politics to a study of how the political agendas of the actors involved are shaping agrarian practices. From its initial focus on CA as soil conservation and sustainable agriculture, the framing of the initiative has evolved to accommodate shifting trends in the policy arena. In tandem with the increased focus on climate adaptation, we see an increased emphasis on private sector-led modernisation. The initiative has shifted its target group from the poorest smallholders to prospective commercial farmers, and has forged connections between its farmer-to-farmer extension network and private input suppliers and service providers. The link between CA and input intensification is reflected in national statistics as a significantly higher usage of herbicides, pesticides and mineral fertilizer on fields under CA tillage compared to other fields. We argue that the environmental and participation agendas are used to buttress CA as an environmentally and socially sustainable agricultural development strategy, while the prevailing practice is the result of a common vision for a private sector-led agricultural development shared between the implementing organisation, the donor and international organisations promoting a new green revolution in Africa.     

气候变化背景下城市园林受极端气候影响分析

为探究全球气候变化背景下城市园林遭受极端气候的风险,利用1991-2020年中国国家气象站点逐日观测数据集和2020年中国城市绿地面积数据,基于百分位数方法和GIS空间分析技术,分析了中国主要城市园林受极端气候影响的程度。结果显示,受极端低温影响的高风险区域位于我国北部和高海拔地区;极端高温灾害高风险区域一般发生在城市化进程较快的东部城市;强降水高风险区域与我国降雨带分布基本一致,主要位于华中和华南地区,降水平均值均在30 mm以上;西藏日喀则和那曲市、我国北部及东部沿海地区为大风高风险区域;云贵高原、长江中下游、华北和东北部分区域的城市绿化容易受极端干旱气候影响。未来城市园林设计需要结合当地极端气候特点,改善树种种类和种植结构,提升风景园林等生态系统应对气候变化的适应能力。     

数字农业在天津特色都市型现代农业发展中的探讨

针对都市型现代农业的发展,详细阐述了数字农业在设施农业、休闲观光旅游农业、科技示范农业、景观生态农业、文化教育农业、加工物流农业等都市型现代农业发展中的应用,并借鉴北京、上海等都市型现代农业发展模式,提出了适合天津农业特色的都市型现代农业信息化下的发展模式.     

Culturing community development,neighborhood open space,and civic agriculture: The case of Latino community gardens in New York City

To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civic agriculture, we conducted interviews with 32 community gardeners from 20 gardens, and with staff from 11 community gardening support non-profit organizations and government agencies. We also conducted observations in the gardens, and reviewed documents written by the gardeners and staff from 13 support organizations and agencies. In addition to being sites for production of conventional and ethnic vegetables and herbs, the gardens host numerous social, educational, and cultural events, including neighborhood and church gatherings, holiday parties, childrens activities, school tours, concerts, health fairs, and voter registration drives. In some cases, the gardens also serve to promote community activism. The primary concern of gardeners is to secure land tenure in the face of pressures to develop the garden sites for housing. The support organizations and agencies provide help with land tenure, as well as with advocacy, organization, and horticultural practices. Although the role of the Latino gardens in community development appears to be more important than their role in open space or agricultural production, the gardens can also be viewed as unique participatory landscapes that combine aspects of all three movements, as well as provide a connection between immigrants and their cultural heritage.     

上海都市农业科技创新刍议

介绍了上海农业的现状以及科技创新对推动上海农业发展的意义,分析了美国、荷兰在农业科技创新方面的经验,概括了我国近年来农业科技创新的部署,进而提出上海都市农业科技创新的主要思路,并强调农业科技创新急需要加强体系建设.     

城市化进程中我国都市农业发展趋势研究

在分析世界都市农业发展过程中出现瓶颈问题的基础上,结合目前我国都市农业发展存在的不足之处,研究了城市化进程中都市农业的发展趋势。     

城市生态学课程教学改革初探

根据生态学科发展的特点和高校人才培养要求,分析了城市生态学教学中存在的问题。根据专业和课程特点,从丰富教学内容、改革教学方法和手段、改革实习教学环节、加强师资培养和改革课程考核方法等几个方面进行了探讨,旨在提高教学质量,培养具有创新能力的高素质人才。     

The political ecology of dietary transitions: Changing production and consumption patterns in the Kolli Hills,India

Using a case study from the Kolli Hills, India, I suggest that political ecology provides a useful theoretical basis for considering localized dietary transitions in rural, agricultural communities in developing countries. By examining the reasons for the near-disappearance of local minor millets as staple foods in three small-farmer communities, I argue that an explicit, actor-oriented analysis allows for an integration of food issues with considerations of environmental circumstances, local aspirations, and labor concerns. That is, an agricultural shift that abandons minor millets as a food resource reflects environmental changes and household economic aspirations. Such an analysis has implications for the creation of practical food security projects through the recognition and incorporation of small-farmer experiences, voices, and priorities. This research was undertaken through ethnographic fieldwork, using semi-structured interviews and participant observation as the primary methods. Elizabeth Finnis obtained her PhD from McMaster University in Canada and is currently a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Anthropology and the Centre for Society, Technology, and Development at McGill University.