Construction of Antibacterial Peptide CecropinB Eukaryotic Recombinant Vector and Its Expression in Dairy Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells

To investigate the expression of antibacterial peptide CecropinB cDNA in dairy goat mammary gland epithelial cells,the CecropinB gene was cloned and was inserted into a eukaryotic vector pECFP-C1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pECFP-B by genetic engineering technique.Recombinant plasmid pECFP-B was transfected into dairy goat mammary gland epithelial to detect the bactericidal activity of CecropinB.The expression of CecropinB was also detected.The result of RT-PCR demonstrated CecropinB gene was expressed in transfected cells.CecropinB recombinant plasmid DNA was injected into udders and CecropinB was expressed in mammary gland,exhibiting bactericidal activity to Staphylococcus aureus in vivo experiments.     

Construction and Screening of Bovine Bax Gene shRNA Interference Expression Vector

Bax is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family genes which regulate programmed cell death. To decrease the apoptosis of bovine fibroblast cells, we construsted specific short hairpin （shRNA） expression vector encoding shRNA targeting Bax gene to screen the most effective vector. Four shRNAs sequences based on the sequence of bovine Bax mRNA in the GenBank were designed, and one scrambled shRNA sequence was regarded as negative control. The designed and synthesised single-stranded primer were annealed to double-stranded oligo sequences and cloned into linear pRI-GFP vector digested by enzymes Xho I and Bgl II. Screening positive cloning after transformed into DH5a competent cells and identified by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. Named the correct vectors as pRI-GFP-Bax-190, pRI-GFP-Bax-206, pRI-GFP-Bax-215, pRI -GFP-Bax-389, pRI-GFP- Bax-NC （the negative control） and seleced them by quantitative PCR after transfected after 24 h and 48 h. The results showed that pRI-GFP-Bax-190 was the highest efficiency （95.47%）, and significant difference （P〈0.01） after 48 h transfection. RNA interference （RNAi） mediated by shRNA expression vector could significantly down-regulate the expression of Bax gene in bovine fibroblast cells, which laid a foundation for further research.     

Role of Calcium Ion in Apoptosis of MD Cancer Cells Induced by Arsenic Trioxide

In order to observe the role of calcium ion in apoptosis of MD cancer cells induced by arsenic trioxide, inhibition percentage was detected by MTT assay; morphology changes were examined by fluorescence microscope; apoptosis was examined by DNA Ladder; [Ca^2＋]i was investigated by spectrofluorimeter in vitro on MDCC-MSB 1 cells. The results showed that As2O3 inhibited the proliferation of MDCC-MSB1 cells in concentration dependent manner （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）; typical apoptosis character was observed by fluorescence microscope; DNA Ladder was observed; the [Ca^2＋]i was elevated significantly after the treatment of As203 （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） and showed a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that the calcium may play an important role in apoptosis of MD cancer cells induced by arsenic trioxide.     

表达小反刍兽疫病毒H基因的山羊痘病毒通用转移载体的构建及鉴定(英文)

[Objective] This study was to develop a live vector vaccine of goat pox virus of Peste des petits ruminants(PPR). [Method] Using PCR amplification technique, PPR H gene was obtained, then ligated into pGEM-T easy vector; the recombinants were digested by Nhe Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, and ligated into pEGFP-N1-P7.5, yielding the recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H; next the expression cassette EGFP-N1-P7.5-H was first released from recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H by double digestion of Hind Ⅲ and Nhe Ⅰ and ligated into pUC119-TK that was digested by Kpn Ⅰ, yielding the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H. [Result] Identification and double enzyme digestion showed that the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H was correctly constructed. From the transfer vector transfected BHK-21 cells which infected GTPV AV41, specific fluorescence was observed at 48th h of transfection. [Conclusion] The construction of goat poxvirus live vector laid a foundation for the live vector vaccine of PPR vaccine.     

仔猪痢清对动物细胞免疫功能影响的研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to explore the effects of Zizhuliqing Oral Liquid on animal cellular immune function.[Method] MTT method and phagocytizing natural red method were used to determine the effects of Zizhuliqing Oral Liquid on piglet lymphocyte transformation and the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages respectively.[Result] The lymphocyte transformation rates of piglets in medicated groups were significantly higher than that in control group;the difference of mouse peritoneal macrophage activities between the medicated groups and the control group was obvious.[Conclusion] Zizhuliqing Oral Liquid could promote the transformation of piglet T lymphocytes induced by ConA and the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages to natural red,indicating its good immune enhancement function.     

Initial Study on the Antibacterial Action of Mentha spicata Linn Extract in Vitro

[Objective] The research aimed to study the antibacterial action of Mentha spicata Linn extract in vitro.[Method] The cylinder-plate method was used to measure the inhibitory zone size of Mentha spicata Linn extract.The test-tube double dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC）of Mentha spicata Linn extract on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria,which could determine the antibacterial effect.[Result] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the different antibacterial effects on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria.Especially the inhibition effect on the pig staphylococcus was comparatively obvious.MIC of Mentha spicata Linn decoction I,alcohol extract III,volatile oil V and volatile oil VI were respectively 31.25,62.5,2.32 and 2.31 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the certain antibacterial effect in vitro,and the extracts which were gained by the different extraction methods had the different inhibition effects on the experimental bacteria.     

华山松疱锈病的重寄生真菌(深绿木霉)中几丁质酶基因cDNA片段的克隆(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to isolate chitinase gene from Trichoderma atroviride strain SS003. [Method] With the aeciospore wall of armandii pine blister rust as inducer, chitinase gene was induced to express in Trichoderma atroviride cells. The cDNA fragment of chitinase gene was cloned by RT-PCR approach. [Result] The activity of chitinase induced reached 40.17 μg/10 min; and the specific fragment amplified was 834 bp in length and proved to be the fragment of chitinase gene by sequencing and sequence analysis. [Conclusion] The result showed the feasibility of isolating the full length of chitinase gene and its transformation, and further producing chitinase.     

金属离子·有机溶剂对黄鳝碱性磷酸酶的影响(英文)

[Objective]The mechanism of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was studied to promote rice-field eel aquaculture industry.[Method] The effects of effectors such as multiple metal ions and organic solvents on ALP in viscera of rice-field eel.[Result]Na+ and K+ didn’t generate big influences on enzyme activity;Mg2+ and Ca2+ could promote ALP while Li+,Cu2+ and Zn2+could restrain ALP enzyme activity.Both HPO42-and WO43-generated by enzyme catalyzing disodium phenyl phosphate possessed strong inhibitory effects on emzyme,and 9.5 mmol/L HPO42-would make enzyme activity decline by 13% while 9.5 mmol/L WO43-would make enzyme decline by 34%.The inhibition types of them were both competitive inhibition on enzyme activity.The organic solvents such as methanol,ethanol,ethylene glycol,isopropanol all generated influences on ALP and the order according to their inhibitory effects was isopropanol>ethanol> methanol>ethylene glycol.[Conclusion]The influences of various effectors on ALP activity of rice-field eel were studied from dynamics perspective to provide theoretical basis for further clarifying ALP mechanism.     

端粒酶RNA亚基的shRNA对细胞端粒酶活性影响的研究

[目的]探讨端粒酶RNA亚基（chTR）的短发RNA（shRNA）shRNA对MDCC-MSB1细胞端粒酶活性的影响。[方法]设计合成chTRshRNA并构建表达载体,转染MDCC-MSB1细胞,应用改良TRAP法检测端粒酶活性。[结果]与对照组相比,转染24 h后,各组端粒酶活性变化不明显;转染48 h后,端粒酶活性均显著地下降,且针对模板区设计的干扰载体pSi-chTR-sh1转染后抑制效果最明显。[结论]chTRshRNA表达载体能够有效地抑制MDCC-MSB1细胞的端粒酶活性。     

人H1启动子转录shRNA的细胞种属特异性研究

利用siDirect软件预测绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA),将人工合成的相应shRNA插入含人H1启动子的pSuper载体,获得表达载体pSuper-shRNA,再将H1-shRNA插入表达GFP基因的peGFP-N1载体,获得表达载体peGFP-H1-shRNA。分别以pSuper-shRNA peGFP-N1和peGFP-H1-shRNA转染COS-1、293-T、鸡胚肝(CEL)和鸡胚成纤维(CEF)细胞,根据相同条件下GFP阳性细胞数及荧光强度变化判断产生的siRNA对GFP基因表达的沉默作用,比较人H1启动子在哺乳动物和禽源细胞中的转录活性。结果表明:人H1启动子在2种哺乳动物细胞中能有效转录shRNA,但在2种禽源细胞中的转录活性很弱,提示在禽源细胞中表达siRNA和进行基因沉默研究应选用禽源启动子。     

细胞和个体水平沉默效应的差异

[目的]研究3种不同长度的四联shRNA载体及其在细胞与个体水平的沉默效应差异。[方法]以EGFP为靶标基因,用hU6、mU6、h7SK、hH1 4种启动子,构建21、27、29 bp的3种四联沉默载体,通过转染Vero细胞和注射小鼠肌肉,以实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测绿色荧光蛋白基因的mRNA水平。[结果]3种载体都有很强的沉默效应,其在细胞水平上的沉默效应远高于个体水平上,可以通过未成年鼠的肌肉注射进行转基因。[结论]多位点串联表达shRNA是一种可以达到较好干扰效果的方法,肌肉注射将是一个简便的转基因途径。     

牛SREBP1基因shRNA序列的筛选及其腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

【目的】筛选可靶向干扰牛的SREBP1基因的有效shRNA,构建相应腺病毒载体并包装重组腺病毒,为在细胞水平上研究SREBP1基因的功能和作用机制提供基础。【方法】以秦川牛SREBP1基因为研究对象,首先靶向其编码区（coding sequence,CDS）序列设计并合成6条干扰和1条阴性对照shRNA,并构建表达载体pENTR-U6-shRNA。然后与载体psiCHECK-Ⅱ-SREBP1共转染293A细胞,筛选有效的pENTR-U6-shRNA。其次将筛选的pENTR-U6-shRNA和阴性对照pENTR-U6-NC分别与腺病毒骨架载体pAd/PL-DEST体外重组,得到腺病毒重组载体,并在293A细胞包装扩繁得到高滴度腺病毒,GFP标记法测定病毒滴度。最后将病毒侵染牛前体脂肪细胞,实时荧光定量法（qRT-PCR）检测干扰效率。【结果】筛选出靶向牛SREBP1基因干扰效率为87.4%的shRNA-1053。构建了pAd-1053和阴性对照pAd-NC重组腺病毒载体并包装得到Ad-1053和Ad-NC高滴度病毒,测定得到的病毒滴度分别为7×108 GFU•mL-1和9×108 GFU•mL-1。Ad-1053和Ad-NC分别侵染牛前体脂肪细胞,qRT-PCR检测结果显示Ad-1053可显著降低SREBP1基因的mRNA 水平（干扰率＞85%）,而Ad-NC对SREBP1基因表达无明显影响。【结论】成功筛选得到靶向干扰牛SREBP1基因的有效shRNA,并包装扩繁获得相应的高滴度重组病毒。     

细胞和个体水平沉默效应的差异(英文)

[目的]研究3种不同长度的四联shRNA载体及其在细胞与个体水平的沉默效应差异。[方法]以EGFP为靶标基因,用hU6、mU6、h7SK、hH14种启动子,构建21、27、29bp的3种四联沉默载体,通过转染Vero细胞和注射小鼠肌肉,以实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测绿色荧光蛋白基因的mRNA水平。[结果]3种载体都有很强的沉默效应;其在细胞水平上的沉默效应远高于个体水平上;可以通过未成年鼠的肌肉注射进行转基因。[结论]多位点串联表达shRNA是一种可以达到较好干扰效果的方法;肌肉注射将是一个简便的转基因途径。     

ETR1靶向RNA干扰重组体的构建及序列分析

[目的]构建拟南芥乙烯受体(ETR1)特异性短发夹环RNA(shRNA)真核表达载体。[方法]从ETR1基因cDNA序列上选取目标序列,设计2对引物,经PCR扩增得到正反向2个DNA片段(S5I和AI),构建含有该正反向互补重复序列DNA片段的中间载体,测序分析正确后再克隆到植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301中的Gus位置并经双酶切证实。[结果]ETR1基因S5I和AI片段被成功克隆进质粒pCAM-BIA1301中,酶切鉴定及测序分析显示,重组质粒shRNA编码序列与设计片段的序列完全一致。[结论]ETR1靶向RNA干扰重组体的成功构建,为进一步获得拟南芥乙烯受体基因的功能缺失突变体奠定良好基础。     

鸡贫血病毒安徽分离株感染性克隆的构建及其感染特性

鸡贫血病毒（chicken anemia virus,CAV）是诱导雏鸡发生免疫抑制的重要病原之一。应用PCR方法从安徽某鸡场送检病鸡肝组织中检测并鉴定CAV,扩增病毒全基因组序列插入pcDNA3.1(+)载体,并引入含Kpn I （GGTACCCAG）酶切位点的9 bp外源性标签,获得顺次连接的双拷贝CAV基因组的重组质粒,通过脂质体介导转染鸡MDCC-MSB1淋巴细胞并拯救出CAV感染性克隆毒株。经动物试验,感染性克隆毒株在接种1日龄健康雏鸡后15 d,对胸腺等免疫器官指数影响较小,胸腺病变不明显,表明其感染能力减弱,为进一步分析CAV致病机制和筛选疫苗候选株奠定基础。     

鸡生殖干细胞中Piwi基因的干涉效率

【目的】针对禽类干细胞研究中,存在转染效率与干涉效率低下的问题,通过比较不同干涉方式对鸡原始生殖细胞（primordial germ cells, PGCs）中Piwi基因的干涉效果,探讨提高禽类生殖干细胞干涉效率的有效方法。为进一步研究Piwi基因参与干细胞自我更新、RNA沉默以及转录后调控过程等生物学功能研究奠定基础。【方法】根据已建立的原代细胞分离技术,分别从健康鸡群的10日龄和4日龄鸡胚中分离成纤维细胞（chicken embryo fibroblast, CEF）与生殖脊,其中CEF作为PGCs细胞的饲养层,生殖脊经Trypsin-EDTA室温下消化获得PGCs细胞,并通过形态学、化学方法（PAS糖原染色、AKP 活性检测）和免疫学方法（TERT抗体、SSEA-1抗体）对其进行鉴定。根据Genbank公布的鸡Piwi基因的mRNA序列（NM_001098852）,利用在线软件分别靶向不同位点设计合成得到3个小片段的stealth siRNAs,并将通用无义序列BLOCK-iT^TM Alexa Fluor® Red Fluorescent Oligo作为荧光素标记的阴性对照siRNA。同时,在线设计三条干扰序列和一条非特异性阴性对照序列,将其插入线性化空载体 pRNA-U6.1,构建不同的shRNA干涉载体。分别采用不同类型的转染试剂将构建好的siRNA和shRNA转染PGCs细胞。首先利用通用无义siRNA以及仅带有GFP荧光标记基因的shRNA载体作为阴性对照,检测siRNA和shRNA转染效率,确定最佳转染条件。其次,将试验组siRNA和shRNA在优化条件下转染PGCs细胞,分别收集转染了24、48、72和144 h这4个时间点的细胞,提取各个时间段的总RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Piwi基因mRNA表达水平,并用SPSS软件分析不同处理组的差异。【结果】在对原代分离的PGCs细胞进行了形态学、化学以及免疫学方法鉴定后,确认其所获得的细胞为PGCs细胞且状态良好。根据不同的转染试剂量与siRNA或shRNA载体量的配比,得出siRNA转染最优条件为siRNA﹕LipofectamineTM 2000=50 pmol﹕2 μL; shRNA转染最优条件为shRNA﹕X-Treme GENE HP DNA Transfection Reagent=500 ng﹕1.5 μL。在以上最优转染条件下,将试验组siRNA和shRNA分别转染第二代PGCs细胞。发现在siRNA干涉组中,阴性siRNA组和空白组相比,Piwi基因表达量在24、48、72和144 h差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;而3个试验组siRNA与阴性对照组相比,在24、48和72 h的Piwi基因表达量均呈现显著下降（P＜0.05）,但在144 h时表达差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在shRNA干涉组中,空白组和阴性对照组相比,Piwi基因表达量在4个时间点上差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;而3个试验组与阴性对照组相比,Piwi基因表达量在4个时间点上均显著下降（P＜0.05）。与siRNA干涉试验组相比,shRNA 载体表现出更强及更长时间的稳定抑制Piwi基因的效果。【结论】siRNA与shRNA均能较好抑制目的基因的mRNA表达,不同干涉效果表明采用shRNA 载体具有更好及更长时间的抑制作用,这为RNAi技术在家禽生殖干细胞中的应用研究提供基础资料。