An epidemiological survey on pigs showing symptoms of infectious enteric diseases and dyspepsia in Japan

Diarrhea in pigs has the potential to have a serious economic impact on the swine industry. Previously, we suggested that the likely cause of the presence of non-infectious diarrhea in pigs characterized by lactate accumulation was dyspepsia. In this experiment, the prevalence of enteropathogens and hyper-lactate accumulation in feces of piglets in 4 distinct growth stages was examined. The feces were collected when veterinarian experts recognized abnormalities in sporadic outbreaks. Prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrheal feces was 100% in fattening pigs (FP), 75% in weaning pigs (WP), 50% in suckling pigs (SP), and 42% in growing pigs (GP). Prevalence of enteropathogens in loose feces was 53% in WP, 50% in SP, 40% in FP, and 28% in GP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in diarrheal feces was 33% in GP, 33% in SP, 25% in WP, and 25% in FP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in loose feces was 40% in GP, 0% in SP, 7% in WP, and 5% in FP. Accordingly, non-infectious dyspepsia is frequent in growing pigs. In this period, pigs are potentially exposed to needless antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in sporadic cases.     

牦牛放牧率对小嵩草高寒草甸不同植物类群地上生物量生产率的影响

2年的牦牛放牧试验表明:除不同植物本身的生理特性外,降水和地温是影响小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场不同植物类群地上生物量绝对生长率的关键因素。小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场地上总生物量的绝对生长率1999年在7月份最大;1998年,冷季草场各放牧处理的绝对生长率在8月份达到最大,暖季草场的对照组和轻牧组在7月份最大,中牧组和重牧组在8月份最大。不同植物类群地上生物量生长率的变化不尽相同。1998年,冷季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,暖季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率7月份达到最大,且9月份出现了营养的再次积累;1999年,冷季草场禾草地上生物量的绝对生长率在6月份和8月份出现了两个峰值,暖季草场禾草地生物量的绝对生长率在7月份达到最大。对杂草类而言,1998年冷季草场的绝对生长率6月份最大,暖季草场重牧组的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,其他各处理7月份达到最大;1999年重牧组杂草的绝对生长率在6月份达到最大,其他各处理杂草在8月份达到最大。     

2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中重金属污染情况调查及风险评估

本试验旨在调查2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的污染情况,评估饲料原料的污染风险。试验收集烟台市莱阳、威海市文登、青岛市莱西、潍坊市诸城、日照市莒县、临沂市沂水、德州市夏津等地不同饲料生产厂家使用的8种饲料原料,包括玉米、豆粕、麸皮、花生粕、棉籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)和微量元素预混料,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法( ICP-AES)检测镉、铅和铬元素的含量,应用原子荧光光谱法( AFS)检测砷和汞元素的含量,计算检出率、平均含量、超标率、最高含量与平均含量比值( HC/AC)和离散系数。结果表明：饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的检出率分别为32.29%、7.29%、12.50%、100.00%和100.00%;阳性样品中平均含量分别为0.21、1.27、2.12、3.48和0.02 mg/kg,超标率分别为0.00、1.04%、1.19%、54.76%和9.52%;微量元素预混料中砷、铅和镉元素,棉籽粕中铬元素及花生粕中汞元素的HC/AC最大,微量元素预混料中镉元素、花生粕中汞元素、豆粕中砷元素及棉籽粕中铅和铬元素离散系数最大。综上所述,肉鸡饲料原料中铬和汞元素污染严重;微量元素预混料中砷、镉、铬和铅元素、棉籽粕中铬和铅元素、花生粕和豆粕中汞元素易出现严重污染,因此建议制定预混料和饼粕类饲料中多种重金属元素的限量标准。     

Isolation of dermatophytes from domestic animals in Norway

The examination of 2066 skin scrapings from domestic animals in the period from July 1981 to June 1984, revealed dermatophytes in 439 samples. Dermatophytes isolated were: M. canis in dog, cat, cattle, horse, swine, goat, rabbit and hamster, M. equinum in dog and horse, M. gypseum in horse, T. equinum in horse and cattle, T. mentagrophytes in dog, cat, cattle, horse, guinea pig and rabbit, T. verrucosum in cattle and E. floccosum in dog.     

Epidemiology,molecular virology and diagnostics of Schmallenberg virus,an emerging orthobunyavirus in Europe

After the unexpected emergence of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) in northern Europe in 2006, another arbovirus, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), emerged in Europe in 2011 causing a new economically important disease in ruminants. The virus, belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family, was first detected in Germany, in The Netherlands and in Belgium in 2011 and soon after in the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Denmark and Switzerland. This review describes the current knowledge on the emergence, epidemiology, clinical signs, molecular virology and diagnosis of SBV infection.     

Myotrophic effects of anabolic steroids

An anabolic steroid, nandrolone decanoate, was shown to produce increases in the weight, cross-sectional area, tension-generating capacity and mean fibre diameter of a limb muscle, tibialis anterior (TA), in female rabbits. Despite suggestions in the literature of an exerciserelated effect of such drugs, hypertrophy was not observed in TA muscles subjected to chronic electrical stimulation, but was seen in the contralateral control muscles and in the muscles of both hind limbs in unoperated sedentary animals. The effect was confirmed in the TA of female guinea pigs, rats and mice, and could not be explained in terms of an increase in body weight. Compared to TA some other muscles, like EDL, plantaris and soleus in the rabbit, were less sensitive to treatment; others, like pubocaudalis in the rat and mouse, and temporalis in the guinea pig, were more responsive. The myotrophic effects were undiminished in adrenalectomised female rats, and could not therefore have been mediated by interference with the catabolic actions of circulating glucocorticoids, as had been proposed in an earlier hypothesis.     

A survey of sensitivity to anticoccidial drugs in 60 isolates of coccidia from broiler chickens in Brazil and Argentina

Coccidia were isolated from 90 broiler farms in 15 poultry-producing areas in Brazil and Argentina. Sixty isolates were tested for sensitivity to 7 anticoccidial drugs. The common species were: a) Eimeria tenella, 47 isolates; b) E. maxima, 49 isolates; c) E. acervulina, 44 isolates; d) E. mitis, 26 isolates; and e) E. brunetti, 12 isolates. Isolates were considered sensitive to drugs if intestinal lesion scores of medicated broilers were reduced by at least 50% compared with unmedicated infected broilers or if weight gain was at least 75% of that of uninfected birds in a 6-day laboratory test. According to lesion scores, there was evidence of resistance or seriously reduced sensitivity to monensin in 20 isolates, narasin in 29, salinomycin in 11, maduramicin in 1, clopidol in 36, amprolium in 40, and nicarbazin in 1. According to broiler weight gain, there was resistance to monensin in 36 isolates, narasin in 32, salinomycin in 28, maduramicin in 2, clopidol in 28, amprolium in 50, and nicarbazin in 4. These results suggested incomplete cross resistance of coccidia to polyether ionophorous drugs. The degree of resistance might be explained by previous patterns of use of these drugs.     

Findings of Yersinia in slaughter pigs, synantropic animals and workers in meat products in a defined region

In 15 selected stocks in the Strakonice district, 507 slaughter pigs, 708 small terrestric mammals and 110 free-living birds were examined in a two-year period (1986-1987) to study the occurrence of carriers of yersiniae and their elimination. Rectal smears from 243 persons working in livestock production were examined in the same way. Standard bacteriological methods, recent examination procedures (Aulisio et al., 1980; Aldová, 1981) and a diagnostic antiserum (03 IMUNA Sarisské Michalany) were used for the examination. The following results were obtained: In pigs: 1. yersiniae were detected in 65 cases (12.8%); of this, in 31 cases they occurred in the tonsils, in 35 cases in ileum, and twice in the ileocaecal lymph nodes. 2. Epidemiologically significant Y. enterocolitica 4;03 was detected in 28 cases (5.5%); of this, 22 times in the tonsils, 7 times in ileum, and once in the ileocaecal lymph nodes. 3. The seasonal nature of the occurrence of yersiniae was confirmed in 1986, with maxima in winter-spring, but in 1987 their occurrence declined substantially to less than a quarter. In the small mammals, yersiniae were detected 28 times (4%); of this, 7 times in common field mouse, 11 times in common vole, 5 times in house mouse, twice in shrew, once in Apodemus flavicollis, and once in Apodemus sp. 2. Y. enterocolitica 4;03 was detected twice (0.26%), both cases in the house mouse. Other results: 1. In all the 110 free-living birds the examination for yersiniae had a negative result; 2. in the rectal smears of 243 persons employed in livestock production, yersiniae were identified twice (0.8%)--in one case Y. enterocolitica 1, in the other Y. enterocolitica biovars 1 and 2.     

猪GDF11基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探讨生长分化因子11(Growth differentiation factor11,GDF11,又名BMP11)在胸腰椎数变异中的作用,本试验克隆了该基因包含外显子2在内的部分编码区,并进一步采用RT-PCR技术对其在猪胚胎和初生仔猪中的表达进行了分析。结果表明,在35d的猪胚胎中,后肢、牙龈、脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸椎、腰椎各组织均有明显的表达,而在前肢、眼、心脏、肺脏中的表达较弱,在颈椎和荐尾椎中没有观察到GDF11的表达。在45d猪胚胎的后肢、脑、眼、胸椎组织中GDF11的表达较强,而在前肢、牙龈、肺脏、肾脏、腰椎和荐尾椎的表达相对较弱,在肝脏中的表达极其微弱。在心脏和颈椎中没有检测到GDF11的表达。在55d的猪胚胎中,前肢、后肢、脑、眼、肝脏、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎组织中有明显的表达,肺脏和肾脏组织中的表达较强,牙龈和荐尾椎中的表达较弱,而在心脏中没有检测到GDF11的表达。3d仔猪的后肢、牙龈、脑、肾脏和腰椎组织中GDF11有明显的表达,脾脏组织的表达量较高,前肢、肝脏、心脏、背腰最长肌和肺脏中的表达相对较弱,在眼、颈椎和荐尾椎中的表达极弱,在胸椎中没有检测到表达。在所检测的不同时期的所有组织中,脑和肾脏组织表达明显地高于其他组织。     

华北农牧交错带种植禾本科牧草对土壤N、P、K的影响

于2004年在中国农业大学塞北草业科学实验站( 河北省张家口塞北管理区,沽源),研究种植4年的多年生禾本科牧草新麦草Psathyrostachys juncea、无芒雀麦Bromus inermis、兰茎冰草Agropyron smithii和一年生饲料作物燕麦Avena sativa对土壤化学性状的影响.试验表明,生长第4年从春季到秋季,多年生牧草草地比燕麦地土壤全氮含量0～10 cm土层中高0.07%,10～20 cm土层中高0.11%,20～30 cm土层中高0.09%.7月由于受施肥的影响,0～20 cm土层燕麦地土壤全磷含量较其它牧草地高,6-9月燕麦地全磷含量均较其它牧草地低,且差异显著.多年生草地间比较,无芒雀麦草地土壤全磷含量最高.同一生长时期,同一土层多年生牧草地土壤速效钾含量均大于燕麦地,且差异显著(P＜0.05).     

我国四川、山东、河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中镉、铬、铅污染程度评估

本试验旨在测定我国四川、山东、河北省(包括京津冀地区)蛋鸡养殖场产蛋高峰期配合饲料中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)含量,评估蛋鸡养殖大省3种重金属污染程度。采集四川、山东、河北省67个养殖场268份蛋鸡配合饲料,采用高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法(HRCS FAAS)测定其Cd、Cr、Pb含量。结果表明:1)四川省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为成都、乐山、乐山,最大检出值分别为0.48、15.94、14.12 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为乐山、崇州,超标率分别为30%、50%。2)山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为青岛和日照、菏泽、日照,最大检出值分别为0.45、5.88、4.11 mg/kg。3)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为张家口、张家口、保定,最大检出值分别为0.45、15.38、8.38 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为张家口和保定,超标率均为20%。4)3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量分别为,四川:0.24、5.01、3.67 mg/kg;山东:0.26、4.19、2.61 mg/kg;河北:0.25、5.66、3.25 mg/kg。参照我国《饲料卫生标准》,3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量及山东省Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标;四川、河北省Cr、Pb含量超标率分别为9.38%、17.19%和6.73%、14.42%。5)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cr、Pb平均含量显著高于山东省(P0.05);大规模养殖场配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量显著低于小规模养殖场(P0.05)。综上所述,山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标。四川、河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量未超标,但有超标风险,Cr、Pb含量均有不同程度超标,Pb含量超标最为严重,应引起重视。     

Eimeria brunetti and Eimeria necatrix in chickens of Argentina and confirmation of seven species of Eimeria

Ten poultry farms (broiler breeder pullets, layer pullets, and broilers) in the provinces of Entre Rios and Buenos Aires in Argentina were examined for presence of Eimeria spp. Litter samples obtained from flocks 7-11 wk old were taken to the laboratory for oocyst counting and sporulation, then concentrated for inoculation into coccidia-free chickens. Species were identified by prepatent period, oocyst size, location and appearance of lesions in the intestine, microscopic examination of mucosal smears, and histology (to confirm Eimeria brunetti). On this basis, Eimeria praecox was found in two samples, Eimeria mitis in two, Eimeria acervulina in nine, Eimeria maxima in seven, Eimeria necatrix in three, Eimeria tenella in seven, and E. brunetti in four. These results confirm the presence of all seven recognized species of Eimeria in chickens in the Republic of Argentina.     

利用芳香族化合物估测反刍动物采食量的潜力

综述了芳香族化合物的发现过程、反刍动物饲草料、瘤胃和尿液中芳香族化合物的主要类型及存在形式.马尿酸是最早从家畜排泄物中发现的芳香族化合物.反刍动物的尿液中排出的苯甲酸几乎完全来源于日粮中的前体物.饲料日粮中芳香族化合物是酚酸、简单酚、香豆素、棉子酚、酚的生物碱、类黄酮、单宁酸和木质素.羟基肉桂酸和安息香酸是维管束植物中广泛存在的一类酚类化合物,其在禾本科牧草中的含量远高于豆科牧草,但禾谷类籽实中的含量却很低.瘤胃液和尿液中的芳香族代谢物主要是无酚的芳香酸、酚酸和苯酚,环己烷羧酸是惟一发现的脂环族酸.饲喂不同的日粮饲草料,反刍家畜以马尿酸形式排出的氮量大约占尿氮总量的6%,变化范围为1%～38%.测定尿中芳香族化合物特别是马尿酸对预测反刍家畜的采食量具有重要潜力和作用.     

北京黑白花乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素含量的研究

本实验采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪,在1987年春、秋两季对北京某牛场的黑白花成年乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素(K、Na、S、Ca、P、Mg、Mn、Mo、Cu、Zn、Fe、I、Se、Co、Cd、Cr、Ni、B、Al、Si、Ti、Ba、Ph、As、Hg)进行了测定,并对春、秋季正形蹄与变形蹄、正形蹄与病变蹄,以及春秋正形蹄、变形蹄之间做了对比,还测定了饲料地的土壤、水和饲料中25种元素的含量,与国内外有关资料的结果进行了对比,初步探讨了某牛场成乳牛中正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量,指出春秋两季正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量是有差异的,春季正形蹄与变形蹄相比各元素差异均不显著;秋季变形蹄含Mg量显著高于正形蹄,含Ca、Al、Cd和Ti量显著低于正形蹄;春季病变蹄含K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Mg、Al、Ti、Se、I、Pb、Hg量显著高于正形蹄。本文首次提出北京黑白花乳牛正形蹄蹄底角质中Ca、P比值,春季是5.822/1,秋季是6.253/1。此牛场乳牛饮水中Hg含量过高是环境污染的结果。本文为今后进一步研究北京黑白花乳牛蹄角质与元素的关系提供了临床参考的依据。     

羔羊小肠pH及主要消化酶发育规律的研究

对小尾寒羊羔羊小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)pH及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和乳糖酶的活性进行了测定，结果表明：羔羊小肠不同部位内容物pH不同，回肠pH显著高于空肠，空肠和回肠pH显著高于十二指肠，羔羊1月龄后，小肠各段pH变化不大；小肠不同部位淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性不同，空肠段淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性高于十二指肠和回肠段，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性增加，3月龄后各消化酶活性变化差异不显著(P＜O．05)；羔羊小肠不同部位乳糖酶活性不同，空肠乳糖酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低。     

Epizootiology of Sarcocystis infections in mule deer fawns in Oregon

From 1974 to 1977, 62 wild mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns from Steens Mountain, Ore were euthanatized in autumn (23 deer), winter (21 deer), and spring (18 deer). The number of sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp was counted in histologic sections of various muscular organs. Sarcocysts were seen in the muscle specimens of 14 of the 23 deer euthanatized in autumn (September to November) and in specimens from all 39 deer euthanatized in winter (December and January) and spring (March and April). The sarcocyst burden was greatest in the spring (736/deer), less in the winter (150/deer), and least in autumn (12/deer). Most sarcocysts collected from 3- to 5-month-old deer in autumn were immature, whereas most sarcocysts collected from 9- and 10-month-old deer in the spring were mature. More sarcocysts were seen in sections of muscles from limbs than in those of tongue, esophagus, and other skeletal muscles; the fewest sarcocysts were seen in the heart. Degenerating sarcocysts were seen in deer examined in the spring, but not in deer examined in autumn and winter. Sarcocystis was the only infectious agent found in unthrifty deer fawns. Of the 18 fawns (6 in autumn, 1974; 6 in winter, 1974; and 6 in spring, 1975) examined for helminths, only mild infections were seen in the deer examined in the spring of 1975. From 1974 to 1977, from the Crooked Creek area of Oregon, 48 mule deer fawns (12 in autumn, 18 in winter, and 18 in spring) were euthanatized and evaluated for Sarcocystis infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

盐胁迫对菊芋糖组分含量和分配的影响

本研究以菊芋品种南芋一号(NY-1)为试材,在温室进行全生育期土培盆栽试验,研究了盐胁迫对糖分积累与分配的影响。通过HPLC-ELSD(高效液相色谱-蒸发光检测仪)检测发现,盐胁迫对NY-1块茎、茎和叶中各种糖的含量有不同影响。对于单糖和二糖来说,与对照相比,盐处理140 DAP (days after planting)时茎中的果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量分别降低了72.67%,78.31%和39.40%;块茎中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量分别降低了67.08%,60.91%和30.07%;叶中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量与对照相比无显著性变化。盐处理220 DAP时,块茎中这些糖的含量无明显降低,茎中的葡萄糖含量与对照相比降低了139.22%;而叶中这些糖已检测不出。低聚合度果聚糖主要集中分布在菊芋块茎和茎中。与对照相比,盐处理140 DAP 时茎与块茎中蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖的含量没有显著差异,叶中这些糖分布很少,与对照相比变化很小。盐处理220 DAP,块茎中这些糖含量与对照相比无显著性差异,而茎与对照相比,蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖含量几乎为0,表明随块茎的形成,茎和叶中的果聚糖逐步向块茎转运,盐胁迫产生渗透机制,增加了果聚糖在块茎中的积累。以上结果表明盐胁迫影响了糖分的积累转运,微调了植物体内的果聚糖组成,但极其严重地减少了果聚糖在地上部分(尤其是茎)的积累。     

Seasonal influence on testicular function of male raccoons, Procyon lotor

In order to clarify the breeding capability of male raccoons in Japan, the testes of raccoons, a nuisance animal, collected in Kanagawa Prefecture and Hokkaido were histologically inspected. Furthermore, testosterone concentrations in their blood were measured. The testosterone concentrations increased in winter and the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the spermatogenetic score decreased in summer for the animals captured in Kanagawa Prefecture. For the animals captured in Hokkaido, the diameter of seminiferous tubules did not change and the decrease of the spermatogenetic score in summer was slight. As the above results show, there is a breeding season in male raccoons in Japan, and the reduction of testicular function in summer was greater in animals captured in Kanagawa Prefecture than in animals captured in Hokkaido.     

Tularemia,plague, yersiniosis,and Tyzzer’s disease in wild rodents and lagomorphs in Canada: A review

Information related to infection of wild rodents or lagomorphs in Canada by Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, other Yersinia spp., and Clostridium piliforme was searched for this study. Reports on tularemia in humans linked to these species came from diagnostic databases, literature, wildlife health specialists, and public health agencies. Tularemia has been diagnosed in 8 species of wild rodent and 2 species in the genus Lepus in Canada. Tularemia occurred in wild animals, or in humans associated with these species, in all jurisdictions except the Yukon and Nunavut. Tularemia was diagnosed most frequently in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares, and although tularemia is closely linked to cottontail rabbits in the USA, it has not been reported in cottontails in Canada. Tularemia in humans was associated with muskrats and hares more commonly than with beaver. Plague was diagnosed in bushy-tailed woodrats in British Columbia in 1988. Based on surveys, Y. pestis may occur enzootically in southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica has been diagnosed in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares in many provinces. Tyzzer’s disease has been diagnosed in muskrats in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec and in snowshoe hares in Ontario. Infection with these bacteria is likely much more frequent than indicated by diagnostic records.     

不同海拔藏鸡生理生化指标的研究

为了探究藏鸡对高海拔生态环境的遗传适应性,通过测定血液生理、生化指标比较高海拔藏鸡与低海拔藏鸡的差别。以西藏（海拔3800m）藏鸡、四川省甘孜州康定县姑咱镇（海拔2700m）藏鸡（以下称甘孜州藏鸡）、成都彭州美丽田园农业有限公司养殖的藏鸡（是由生长于海拔高度为3800mm处的西藏藏鸡经过9年的选育而来,以下称低海拔藏鸡）血液生理、生化指标进行检测对比,并对结果进行统计分析。结果表明：西藏藏鸡红细胞数（RBC）、血液中血红蛋白浓度（HGB）及平均红细胞体积（MCV）均高于甘孜州藏鸡,甘孜州藏鸡又高于低海拔藏鸡．该3种指标呈现出随海拔高度升高而升高的趋势。西藏藏鸡平均血红蛋白量（MCH）及红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）低于甘孜州藏鸡,甘孜州藏鸡又低于低海拔藏鸡,该2种指标呈现出随海拔高度升高而降低的趋势。红细胞分布宽度标准差（RDW—SD）呈现出随海拔高度升高而加大的趋势。西藏藏鸡的血液总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖和总胆固醇含量均高于甘孜州藏鸡和低海拔藏鸡,且差异极显著（p〈0．01）。甘孜州藏鸡血液中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）均极显著高于低海拔藏鸡（P〈0．01）。同时该研究结果显示,由于海拔高度的变化,生长于3800m处的西藏藏鸡在1000m海拔的环境条件下经过9年的选育与培育其红细胞数（RBC）、血液中血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、红细胞分布宽度标准差（RDW—SD）及平均血红蛋白量（MCH）、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）等生理指标以及总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLO）、葡萄糖（GLU）和总胆固醇（TC）等生化指标均发生了极显著（P〈0．01）的变化．说明这些指标与藏鸡在高海拔缺氧条件下的适应性密切相关。