枣树叶片愈伤组织培养与再生植株的研究

为探讨枣树组织培养育种及快繁技术,以木枣、骏枣和狗头枣组培苗叶片为外植体,通过诱导愈伤组织形成再分化出不定芽,从而建立高效的再生系统。试验结果表明,不同基因型或同一基因型的不同部位的材料其培养效果间有差异;试管枣苗茎尖倒数1～3片叶是合适的外植体材料;6-BA与2,4-D在枣树叶片愈伤组织诱导中有极显著的交互作用,二者的配比浓度水平影响愈伤组织的诱导增殖和质量;枣树叶片愈伤组织诱导和继代增殖培养适宜的培养基是3/4MS+6-BA0.2 mg.L-1+2,4-D 2.0 mg.L-1+琼脂0.55%+蔗糖3%。6-BAI、BA与TDZ在枣树愈伤组织分化培养中有显著的协同作用,不定芽诱导的适宜培养基是CYI+6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1+IBA 0.2 mg.L-1+TDZ 0.015 mg.L-1。     

香蕉薄切片愈伤组织再生体系的建立研究

以巴西香蕉品种的薄切片为外植体高频地诱导出愈伤组织,并诱导出了不定芽,获得了再生植株。在实验过程中,利用正交实验中筛选出愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 4.0 mg.L-1+KT 1.0 mg.L-1+NAA 1.0 mg.L-1+活性炭200 mg.L-1,诱导率可达100%,愈伤组织增殖的最佳培养基是MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg.L-1+6-BA 0.5 mg.L-1+NAA 0.5 mg.L-1+活性炭100 mg.L-1,继代3-4次的愈伤组织在6-BA浓度为5.0 mg.L-1的分化培养基上能分化出不定芽,继代10次之后愈伤组织在继代培养基上开始出现褐化现象,愈伤组织增殖明显受到抑制,褐化的愈伤组织逐渐死亡。     

芦苇植株再生体系优化

在前人工作基础上利用禾本科芦苇成熟种子为外植体建立了植株再生体系。芦苇成熟种子经2%洗涤灵溶液洗涤,70%乙醇处理30s,20%＂84＂消毒液处理25min后接种到MS＋4%蔗糖（pH 5.5）的种子萌发培养基中培养,种子萌发率为62%。萌发种子继代至MS＋1mg/L 6-BA＋0.1mg/L 2,4-D＋0.5mg/LNAA＋4%蔗糖（pH 5.5）培养基进行不定芽诱导,不定芽发生率为95%。无根丛生芽继代到不定根诱导培养基1/2MS＋0.5mg/L IBA＋0.5mg/L NAA＋4%蔗糖（pH 5.5）,不定根发生率为90%。     

匈牙利刺槐改良与经营(英文)

刺槐是 17世纪初由北美引入欧洲的第一批林木树种 .刺槐之所以在世界快速传播 ,归功于其对环境条件的广泛适应能力 ,易于培育的特性 ,结实频繁、结种量大 ,萌蘖力强 ,种苗保存率高而且速生高产 ,同时又是优良的蜜源植物 .事实上 ,很少有什么病虫对其造成伤害 .刺槐是匈牙利现有林分中最重要的成林树种之一 ,它覆盖 2 0 %的林地 .匈牙利的刺槐的木材产量占全国产量的 18% .鉴于许多国家对培育刺槐的兴趣越来越浓 ,在此将匈牙利的经验和研究结果整理成文 ,期望在刺槐课题方面有所裨益     

凉山州核桃产业发展现状及对策思考

核桃是凉山州现代林业发展的主要生态产业。文章总结了凉山州核桃产业发展现状,深入分析了存在的主要问题,从加强组织领导、科学选育种苗、开展产品深加工、强化科技支撑、优化投资环境等方面提出了对策建议。     

沙枣树对光肩星天牛种群诱控功能的初步研究

沙枣可吸引光肩星天牛产卵，又能控制其卵不能产生后代，对易感天牛危害的林分有明显的控害功能。通过野外实验，沙枣树上刻槽最高值为63．50，最低值为47．60。配植沙枣的杨树防护林带，光肩星天牛刘槽均值从9．80下降为1．48，林带受害轻而无枯死；没有配植沙枣的杨树防护林带全部枯死。     

杂交构树茎段组培快繁体系的建立

通过对杂交构树茎段的离体培养和繁殖,探讨了杂交构树茎段萌发、分化、不定芽生长分化及生根的最佳培养基。结果表明:以优良母株的具腋芽茎段为外植体,经0.1%HgCl2灭菌12 min,成活发芽率达44%;适宜杂交构树侧芽诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg.L-1+NAA0.1 mg.L-1,诱导分化率为94.4%;适宜试管苗增殖和生长的培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg.L-1+GA0.2 mg.L-1,不定芽平均分化系数为3.3,平均苗高2.83 cm;在壮苗生根过程中最适培养基为1/2 MS+NAA0.3 mg.L-1+IBA0.5 mg.L-1+6-BA0.01 mg.L-1和1/2 MS+NAA0.5 mg.L-1+IBA0.1 mg.L-1+6-BA0.01mg.L-1,生根率均高达100%。     

火炬松纸浆材化学成分及其在树干高度上的变异规律

对18年生人工林火炬松纸浆材的化学成分含量进行了系统地测试,分析和讨论了火炬松化学成分含量在树干高度方向上的变异规律.结果表明:1、火炬松纸浆材的灰分、冷水、热水、苯醇和1%N aOH抽提物含量,纤维素、戊聚糖和木质素含量平均值分别为0.33%、1.59%、3.21%、2.32%和13.66%、47.98%、15.10%、29.66%;2、沿树干高度方向,火炬松木材灰分含量和纤维素含量变化不明显;热水和苯醇抽提物含量逐渐减小;冷水抽提物和木质素含量表现出先增加后减小或者逐渐减小的趋势;1%N aOH抽提物含量则表现出先减小后增加的趋势;戊聚糖含量表现出逐渐增加或减小的趋势.方差分析表明,火炬松木材各化学成分含量在沿树干高度方向的变化不显著.     

Impact of artificial pruning on growth and secondary shoot development of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)

Producing high value veneer wood requires that the tree bole be branch-free. This can be accomplished by natural or artificial pruning. Since wild cherry does not self prune well, pruning artificially is the only practical option. The study analysed the effect of conventional whorl-wise pruning and selective pruning, on height growth, diameter growth and secondary shoot development of wild cherry. Four pruning treatments were applied on cherry trees in summer 2007, one group of cherries was left unpruned to serve as a control: treatment C1 (upper 5 whorls left), C2 (upper 3 whorls left), S1 (removal of branches larger than 3 cm or with an angle to the stem < 40°), S2 (removal of branches larger than 2 cm or with an angle to the stem < 40°), N (unpruned). Data showed that height growth was not affected by pruning. In contrast, diameter growth at breast height of the C2 pruned cherry was reduced by approximately 5% (SE = 2.7%) in the year of pruning (trees were pruned in July). This pruning treatment produced significant (p = 0.028) nine percent less diameter growth than the control in the second year following pruning. The diameter increment of the C1 pruned trees with five whorls left after pruning and the selective pruned cherries were only about 4% (SE = 4.0%) smaller than the control after two years. This loss was statistically not significant. Analyses showed that on selective pruned trees the survival rate of secondary shoots was significantly reduced compared to those on whorl-wise pruned trees. Significant differences in the size of the secondary shoots were only found between the C1 and S1 (p < 0.05) pruned trees. We did not find differences in the total number of secondary shoots per tree among pruning treatments. Solely from a tree growth perspective, the moderate whorl-wise pruning treatment C1 and the selective prunings were equally effective in minimizing the reduction of diameter growth and are recommended in practice. However it was found that the survival of secondary shoots was reduced on selective pruned trees although the amount of pruning work needed in selective pruning was slightly greater than conventional moderate pruning.     

绵麦冬皂苷的提取分离及免疫活性研究

采用正交试验优化超声波辅助提取绵麦冬总皂苷工艺,经溶液萃取得皂苷初步纯化物,用HZ-801树脂进一步分离得皂苷纯化物,并对皂苷纯化物进行初步的定性分析和色谱分析,最后对皂苷初步纯化物进行免疫活性研究。结果表明,超声波辅助提取100 g绵麦冬的最佳工艺为:提取温度60℃,乙醇体积分数70%,液料比15∶1(m L∶g),提取时间为2 h,提取次数为2次,总皂苷得率为(0.508±0.23)%。经树脂纯化可得3种不同的皂苷组分,都为甾体皂苷(麦冬皂苷B、A、C),得率分别为15.4%、40.6%和12.6%,纯度分别为72.7%、86.4%和83.3%。皂苷初步纯化物具有显著的巨噬细胞活化能力,促进一氧化氮和白细胞介素生成等免疫活性。     

Short-term responses to salinity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seedlings in the extremely cold and saline Qinghai region of China

The investigation of the mechanisms of plant adaptation to stressor action is one of the leading directions of current biological studies. To understand the mechanism of salt tolerance of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and identify its ability to cope with the salinity effect in the saline and extremely cold region of Qinghai, China, a test was conducted with two-year-old seedlings subjected to 0, 200, 400 and 600 mmol·L–1 NaCl solutions for 30 d. The results show that with an increase in salinity, the biomass of H. rhamnoides seedlings clearly decreased. Leaf water potential (Ψw) and relative water content (RWC) were significantly reduced under salinity, with severe water shortages appearing in leaves. At the same time, the total chlorophyll content declined markedly. When salinity increased and stress time prolonged, the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) significantly declined. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) declined at first and was then followed by an increase over the stress time. We conclude that H. rhamnoides grown in the extremely cold and saline region of Qinghai has a certain resistance to salt, which can be planted at appropriate salinity levels.     

An efficient method for clonal propagation and in vitro establishment of softwood shoots from epicormic buds of teak （Tectona grandis L.）

Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak(Tectona grandis L.) . Higher number of shoots(6.17) per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length,number of nodes or leaves. For rooting,2-4 cm long softwood shoots were excise...     

An efficient method for clonal propagation and in vitro establishment of softwood shoots from epicormic buds of teak (Tectona grandis L.)

Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak (Tectona grandis L.). Higher number of shoots (6.17) per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length, number of nodes or leaves. For rooting, 2–4 cm long softwood shoots were excised and treated with either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) at 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 μmol·L^–1 each or with combinations (1000 + 1000, 2000 + 2000 or 3000 + 3000 μmol·L^–1) and then placed in flat trays containing autoclaved sand at 25 ± 2ºC in 16 h photoperiod at 35 µmol·m^–2·s^–1. After 28 days, softwood cuttings treated with IBA + NAA (3000 + 3000 μmol·L–1) had highest rooting percentage (89.3%) with 5.5 mean roots. Shoot apex and nodal explants of softwood cuttings were pretreated with 0.1% (w/v) ascorbic acid, boric acid, activated charcoal, citric acid, glutamine or polyvinylpolypyrollidone (PVP) for 24 h to remove phenolic compounds before surface disinfestation. Glutamine (Gl) and PVP were equally effective resulting in 60% establishment of shoot apices on MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol·L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 5 μmol·L–1 NAA. Using shoot apices, highest (42.80) number of multiple shoots with 54.33 mm shoot length were obtained on MS + BAP (8.8 μmol·L–1) + IBA (2 μmol·L–1) after 45 days. Shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to greenhouse