不同培养基成分对铁皮石斛组织培养的影响

以铁皮石斛无菌苗的茎段作为外植体,讨论MS培养基中添加不同浓度的激素对铁皮石斛的诱导、增殖、分化以及生根的影响。结果表明：最适合铁皮石斛原球茎诱导的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 1.5 mg/L,原球茎诱导率为95%;最适合原球茎增殖的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 1 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L;最适合原球茎分化的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L,其分化率达80%;最适合铁皮石斛根诱导的培养基为MS+IBA 1.5 mg/L+香蕉泥100 g/L,其生根率为100%。     

铁皮石斛组织培养及快繁技术研究

为建立铁皮石斛快繁技术体系,给生产提供参考,研究了铁皮石斛组织培养过程中的灭菌方法、腋芽诱导、原球茎的诱导、增殖与分化的最佳培养基配方。以铁皮石斛成熟茎段为外植体,探讨1/2MS培养基或MS培养基中添加不同浓度的激素对铁皮石斛组织培养过程中各生长、分化阶段的影响。研究表明,腋芽诱导最适宜培养基的配方为MS+ 6-BA 2.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L,诱导率达91.28%,平均芽数达2.34;原球茎诱导的最适宜培养基为1/2MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率可达66.67%;原球茎增殖最佳培养基为1/2MS+ 6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,原球茎分化最适宜培养基为1/2MS+ NAA 1.0 mg/L+ 6-BA 3.0 mg/L+ KT 1.0 mg/L,最适宜生根的培养基配方为1/2MS+NAA 2.0 mg/L+ AC 0.5 g/L。     

五种药用石斛快速繁殖的研究

为解决石斛的快速繁殖和提高组培苗的成活率,以MS为基本培养基,把<中华人民共和国药典(2000版)>(以下简称中国药典)收载的5种药用石斛的茎段作为外植体进行了组培和快繁,并根据石斛的生物学特性,配制了多种基质进行炼苗.结果表明:不同种类的石斛在诱导侧芽萌发时所需培养基不同,但是在增殖、壮苗生根以及炼苗移栽时所需基质却具有相似性.环草石斛、铁皮石斛、束花石斛、马鞭石斛和金钗石斛在诱导侧芽萌发时的最适培养基分别为:MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 1.0mg/L、MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 1.5 mg/L、MS NAA0.5 mg/L 6-BA 2.0mg/L、MS NAA1.0mg/L 6-BA 2.0 mg/L、MS NAA0.1 mg/L 6-BA 2.0 mg/L.这5种石斛增殖、壮苗生根的最适培养基分别为:MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 3.0 mg/L、1/2MS NAA 0.7 mg/L.移栽最适基质为:碳酸盐小石子:木屑=1:2,再覆盖1 cm厚的苔藓,幼苗移栽成活率达95%以上.本文首次报道了在实验室里获得马鞭石斛和束花石斛这两个种的组培苗,并初步解决了石斛试管苗脱瓶移栽成活率低的问题,使下一步进行大面积人工栽培成为可能.     

铁皮石斛原球茎诱导与增殖研究

以铁皮石斛嫩茎为外植体,采用幼嫩茎段→原球茎诱导→原球茎增殖途径,通过单因子、双因子以及正交试验诱导原球茎。研究结果表明,外植体灭菌条件为：70%酒精浸泡3s后,0.1%升汞溶液中浸泡8min,诱导铁皮石斛原球茎最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+ 2,4-D1.0 mg/L,原球茎增殖最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA3.0mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L。     

基于正交设计的铁皮石斛组织培养和耐盐性研究

利用正交设计法研究不同浓度的蔗糖及不同浓度NAA、6-BA、KT等激素对铁皮石斛组织培养的影响,并对铁皮石斛愈伤组织、分化组织、生根苗的耐盐性进行了分析。结果表明:铁皮石斛愈伤组织增殖的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 1.0mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L+蔗糖15g/L,分化组织增殖的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.4mg/L+KT 1.5mg/L+蔗糖15g/L,分化苗生根最适培养基为MS+活性炭1.0g/L+NAA 0.4mg/L+蔗糖30g/L。铁皮石斛愈伤组织耐盐临界浓度为0.6%,分化组织耐盐临界浓度在0.3%~0.6%之间,生根苗耐盐临界浓度在0.6%~0.9%之间。     

药用石斛种子非共生萌发比较与增殖培养基筛选研究

通过对细叶石斛、流苏石斛以及鼓槌石斛种子进行非共生萌发试验,探讨同样的培养条件对3种石斛种子萌发率以及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,3种石斛萌发率都高达90％以上,流苏石斛的种子萌发率最高,细叶石斛的萌发时间最短,但在幼苗整体的表现方面,鼓槌石斛幼苗的长势最好.增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 10 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+琼脂6.5 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L,pH值为5.8.     

小美石斛茎段培养的研究

用小美石斛茎段作外殖体,进行试管繁殖。筛选出各培养阶段适宜的培养基,(1)腋芽萌生MS + 6-BA 5mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L;(2)继代增殖 MS + 6-BA 2mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L,三种培养基MS,1/2MS,N6,以MS增殖效果最好,(3)适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS + NAA0.1mg/L+PP333 0.1mg/L 其中平放的芽块生根速度,生根质量和生根率均高于直立放置的。     

环草石斛离体培养的研究

环革石斛当年生带腋芽茎段是获得再生植株的较佳材料,消毒处理以4-6 min效果最好,腋芽在MS培养基上萌发生长最好,芽的继代增殖培养基为Ms+6-BA4.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L,芽的增殖系数达到3.8;1/2MS培养基中添加NAA0.5 mg/L有利于生根壮苗,生根率达100%.     

铁皮石斛快繁优化及不同时期生物碱积累的研究

本研究以铁皮石斛无菌苗茎段为实验材料优化茎段培养的最适培养基,并对其愈伤组织形成后的10 d、15 d、20 d、25 d、30 d、35 d、40 d等不同时期的生物碱的含量进行测定。结果表明,以MS为基本培养基,原球茎诱导的最佳激素组合为NAA 1.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L,平均诱导率为95%;原球茎增殖的最佳激素组合为6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L,原球茎分化的最佳激素组合为6-BA 5 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L,平均分化率可达80%;生根壮苗的最佳组合为:IBA 1.5 mg/L+香蕉泥100 g/L+活性炭0.1%,其生根率为100%;愈伤组织形成后30 d左右时其总生物碱含量最高。     

蕙兰杂交种子的无菌萌发和快速繁殖研究

本实验采用蕙兰传统品种‘崔梅’与普通蕙兰进行杂交,对不同发育阶段的种子进行无菌萌发实验,并作不同培养基的对照。对萌发原球茎的增殖及分化进行研究。探讨不同培养基、6-BA和NAA对根状茎增殖和分化的影响。结果表明: 110天的种子接种在KC培养基上萌发效果最佳,蕙兰原球茎增殖的最佳培养基为W+NAA0.5mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L,根状茎分化和生根的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L +6-BA 0.5 mg/L。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.