家兔球虫病的诊治

球虫病是家兔最常见且危害严重的寄生虫病,本病病原是兔艾美尔球虫。按球虫寄生的部位,可将其分为两类：寄生于肝脏、胆管上皮细胞内的称为肝球虫;寄生于肠道上皮细胞内的叫肠球虫。     

南江黄羊球虫病防治

南江黄羊的球虫病是由于艾美耳原的种艾美耳球虫寄生于山羊的肝和肠道上皮细胞所引起的：根据球虫类别及其寄生部位分为肝球虫、肠球虫和混合型等三种球虫病。     

家兔球虫病的防治

一、常见防治误区 （一）诊断失误光认识肝球虫．不识别肠球虫。而很多情况下．球虫和其它细菌性疾病混合感染。经研究发现．凡是发生肠球虫病．几乎100％与大肠杆菌混合感染。     

“球虫汤”合痢特灵治疗犊牛疑似球虫性肠炎

“球虫汤”合痢特灵治疗犊牛疑似球虫性肠炎杨全孝（陕西省华县大明乡渔池兽医站７１４１０３）犊牛球虫性肠炎又称肠球虫病，是由球虫寄生在肠道的细胞内生长繁殖，从而破坏肠壁细胞和血管而引起的以血粪为主征的疾病。多发生于１～４月龄的犊牛，无季节性。本病病程长，...     

鸡球虫耐药性的研究进展

长期以来，人们对鸡球虫病的防治以药物控制为主要手段，但是大量抗球虫药的长期使用，导致了鸡球虫耐药性的产生，给鸡球虫病的防治带来严重的障碍，通过对鸡球虫耐药性的产生、作用机理、主要特点、耐药性的检测方法、球虫耐药性虫株的诱导以及对耐药性虫株敏感性的恢复等方面的研究，进一步提出对鸡球虫耐药性的展望，为消除球虫的耐药性，更好地防治鸡球虫病提供科学依据。     

孔雀球虫种类的调查

调查了昆明动物园、楚雄动物园、云南省林业厅野生动物救护中心的蓝孔雀(Pavocristatus)、绿孔雀(P．Muticus)、杂交孔雀227只240次，鉴定出2个属7个种：曼德勒艾美球虫(E．mandali)、梅氏艾美球虫(E．pavonin)、绿孔雀艾美球虫6(E．muvica)、帕氏艾美球虫(E．patnaili)，孔雀族艾美球虫(E．payonin)、孔雀艾美球虫(E．pavonis)和拉氏等孢球虫(Isosporalacazei)，其中绿孔雀艾美球虫和帕氏艾美球虫是国内新发现。孔雀球虫的总感染率是88．75％。通过比较寄生于蓝、绿、杂交孔雀的球虫种类和感染率，认为孔雀艾美球虫种宿主特异性不强。     

抗球虫药在鸡胚球虫感染中活性峰期测定方法的初探

引言据现有抗鸡球虫药研究的资料阐述,各种抗球虫药,均有在球虫生活史的特定时期发挥最大作用的活性峰期.因此,在研究开发新药时,用简便、经济的实验方法测定其活性峰期,具有重要的实用意义.国外一般应用体外细胞培养的方法测定抗球虫药的活性峰期,用鸡胚培养的方法测定抗球虫药的药效。而对于鸡胚感染球虫技术能否用于测定抗球虫药的活性峰期,尚不清楚.为此,本文选用鸡胚感染球虫子孢子作为实验模型,探讨了其用于测定抗球虫药活性峰期的可能性。     

倡导饲料不加抗球虫药,为实现饲料无抗铺路

由艾美耳球虫引起的鸡球虫病是一种严重危害养鸡业的寄生虫病,目前其防控主要以抗球虫药为主,但长期和不规范的抗球虫药使用,导致了交叉和多重耐药性虫株的大量出现,鸡肉产品药物残留及环境污染等问题.本文从抗球虫药的耐药现状、药物残留风险和环境污染问题论述了我国抗球虫药物的使用困境,阐明了球虫疫苗优势以及推广应用需要解决的关键问题,倡导球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药防控策略,为实现饲料无抗铺路.     

亚麻油日粮抗感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效力研究

采用2因子多水平试验设计研究了亚麻油日粮抗感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效力.结果表明感染球虫显著地影响试鸡的增重率(P<0.05);感染组试鸡的日采食量均大于不感染组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);根据抗球虫指数ACI的公式计算获得,4%亚麻油日粮抗球虫指数为145,6%亚麻油抗球虫日粮指数为147,8%亚麻油的日粮抗球虫指数达162.7.该研究证明适宜比例的亚麻油日粮能防止球虫的感染.     

江苏省泰州市猪球虫种类的初步调查

本文报道了江苏省泰州市司巷乡猪球虫的感染种类以及不同年龄、不同临床症状的猪球虫感染率，共检查40头猪，猪球虫阳性22头，阳性率为55％。共查到1科2属9种球虫卵囊，其中艾美耳属（Eimeria）有8种，即猪艾美耳球虫（E.suis）、蒂氏艾美耳球虫（E.debliecki）、光滑艾美耳球虫（E.cerdonis）、粗糙艾美耳球虫（E.scabra）、新蒂氏艾症状耳球虫（E.neodebliecki）、豚艾美耳球虫（E.porci）、最小艾美耳球虫（E.perminuta）和有刺艾美耳球虫（E.spinosa）；等孢属（Isospora）1种，即猪等孢球虫（I.suis）。     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

犬瘟热,细小病毒,腺病毒三联弱毒疫苗的研究

以犬瘟热（ＣＤＶＡ）、猫细小病毒（ＦＰＶ）、犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ１）三个弱毒株为毒种,用ＳＰＦ鸡胚成纤维细胞、ＣＲＦＫ细胞、ＭＤＣＫ细胞分别增毒制苗,按一定比例与冻干保护剂混合,经冻干工艺精制成冻干三联弱毒疫苗。试验对制苗工艺参数、半成品与成品的检验、疫苗的安全性与免疫原性、疫苗的临床应用等内容进行了研究。结果显示：三联苗对犬、貉、狐等动物预防三种病毒性传染病效果显著。     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses

Objective Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. Study design Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. Animals Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. Methods Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and Surgi‐Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO₂) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co‐oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. Results Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90–100%) RMSD ranged from 2–5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.     

犬常见肿瘤流行病学调查及组织病理学诊断

为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律，试验收集哈尔滨地区2016-2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例，采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断，并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示，71例确诊肿瘤病例中，恶性肿瘤28例，包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例，基底细胞癌5例，乳腺癌14例，淋巴瘤2例，肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例；良性肿瘤43例，包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例，纤维瘤10例，平滑肌瘤5例，乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例，造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中，乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位，分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%；患病犬年龄1~16岁不等，平均发病年龄为9.1岁，7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期，中老年犬仍为主要发病群体，但低龄犬发病数量上升；各品种犬均可发生肿瘤，其中杂种犬发病率最高，其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬，且主要为乳腺肿瘤；饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主，分别占患犬总数的39%和30%；部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关，如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据，对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE BRAIN AND COELOMIC CAVITY OF THE DOMESTIC PIGEON (Columba livia domestica)

The technical feasibility of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in domestic pigeons was investigated. Imaging was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnet using a human knee surface coil. The head and coelomic cavity of isoflurane-anesthetized birds were imaged in the dorsal, sagittal, and transverse planes to produce T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. The birds were then euthanatized, formalin perfused, frozen, and sectioned in the corresponding anatomic planes. The anatomy defined by MRI was correlated with gross anatomic sections made from the same birds. The following CNS structures were identified: cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, optic chiasm, optic lobes, brain stem, and cranial spinal cord. The cornea, lens, and vitreous were also well differentiated in dorsal section MRI's. The abdominal organs identified included proventriculus, ventriculus, intestines, cloaca, liver, kidneys, spleen, testes, and ovary. The hepatic and renal vasculature were well defined.     

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a progressive and painful disease syndrome that affects aged horses. It affects incisor, canine and infrequently cheek teeth, and is characterised by gingival inflammation, oedema and recession, calculus deposition, feed accumulation, subgingival swellings with or without associated draining tracts, bulbous enlargement of teeth, tooth mobility, associated periodontal disease, tooth fracture and/or tooth loss. The aetiology of EOTRH is likely to be multi‐factorial. However, histopathological findings consistently suggest an aetiological contribution of initial biomechanical stresses and strains, followed by secondary involvement of micro‐organisms. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, age and radiographic changes including lytic changes, widening or loss of the periodontal ligament, hypercementosis, tooth fracture and alveolar bone loss. Treatment of EOTRH is not currently possible, but the condition can be managed to some degree, quite successfully for many years in some cases. However, the disease is progressive and invariably results in extraction of the tooth or teeth involved. The prognosis is most probably guarded at best and poor in most cases; however, complete removal of affected teeth carries a good prognosis for an improved quality of life in the short to medium term.     

Clinical, biochemical, and hematological characteristics, disease prevalence, and prognosis of dogs presenting with neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity

Neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity is manifested as an abnormality in cell size or the cytoplasmic content upon examination of Romanowsky-stained blood smears, and is traditionally associated with infection and inflammation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the association of such changes with clinical and clinicopathologic characteristics, diseases, and prognoses in dogs. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity (n = 248) were compared with negative controls (n = 248). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, independent t-tests, nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests, the chi-square trend test, and survival analysis. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity had a significantly higher prevalence of pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, fever, abdominal organomegaly, icterus, melena, and hematuria. Most mean hematologic variables were significantly different between groups. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity had a significantly (P < .05) higher prevalence of leukocytosis, leukopenia, neutrophilia, neutropenia, anemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocalcemia. The prevalence of pyometra, parvovirus infection, acute renal failure, peritonitis, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pancreatitis, septicemia, and neoplastic disorders was significantly higher among these dogs. Case fatality, hospitalization length, and treatment cost were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with neutrophil toxicity. Neutrophil toxicity severity was significantly (P < .0035) and positively associated with neutropenia, and negatively associated with leukocytosis and neutrophilia. A significant trend (P = .05) toward increasing case fatality with an increase of neutrophil toxicity was observed. In the neutrophil toxicity group, dogs with leukopenia (<5.0 X 10(3)/mm3) had a significantly (P < .0001) higher case fatality compared to dogs with normal or high leukocyte counts. We conclude that evaluation of blood smears for neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity provides useful clinical information and can serve as a good prognostic predictor.