空气净化机净化动力学分析及气流场数值模拟

采用动力学方法分析空气净化机理,对过滤网在吸收过程中的阻力进行了理论推导,为空气净化机滤纸、进出口风道的优化设计提供依据.从空气净化机内部气流场出发,建立内部气流场的几何模型,以多孔介质模型来模拟过滤网;通过Fluent软件数值模拟空气净化机内部气流,分析了进口风速在1～5m/s变化过程中,不同高度(0.05,0.10,0.15m)截面上的压力场和速度场变化.结果表明:风速在1～2m/s时,气流稳定;HEPA滤纸在高度为0.10m截面上对气流的阻力最大.为了获得更好的内部气流场,应尽量增大进风口和出风口的面积,使之覆盖的面积与主流风道大体一致,这样可减少涡流现象,并可降低出风口处的气流叠加效应.通过Fluent软件模拟效果良好,可为实际使用中的现场流场问题提供理论指导.     

双出风口多风道离心风机内部流场数值模拟

针对现有全喂入式水稻联合收获机风筛式清选装置中单风道离心风机的缺点,运用Solidworks软件建立了双出风口多风道离心风机的流道模型,利用ICEM软件进行了网格划分,并用Fluent软件对双出风口多风道离心风机内部流场进行了三维数值模拟,确定了风机的结构尺寸。改进后风机内部流场仿真结果表明:双出风口多风道离心风机的上出风口和叶轮外边缘处气流速度较大,叶轮流道的压力沿径向逐步增大,下出风口Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的气流速度逐步增大,风速衰减距离增加,有利于气流覆盖整个筛面;上出风口处横向气流基本成层状分布,下出风口的3个风道横向气流呈中间高两边低的对称分布,存在明显的边界效应。分析了风机转速、进风口直径和分风板角度的变化对风机内部流场分布、出风口风速、风量的影响:上出风口和下出风口Ⅱ和Ⅲ的风速、风量和压力最大值随风机转速的增加逐步增大;各出风口的风量及风速最大值随进风口直径减小(或增加)而减小(或增加),其中下出风口Ⅰ变化较明显;上、下分风板角度的改变使得下出风口的风速和风量发生了较大变化。     

果园多风道喷雾机送风系统设计优化与试验

针对果园多风道喷雾机内部气流分布不均导致由出风口吹出的气流紊乱、影响使雾滴在果树冠层上均匀沉积的问题，对多风道喷雾机内部导流板长度参数进行了优化。应用计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）技术，基于Star-CCM+软件对喷雾机送风系统内部气流进行了模拟分析，得到出风口1~6的风速在不同导流板长度的标准差分别为0.7468、0.6776、1.4441、5.1305、4.5768和0.8209。对风速标准差较大的出风口3、出风口4、出风口5进行响应面分析，最终确定导流板1长度200.00 mm、导流板2长度60.00 mm、导流板3长度50.00 mm为最优参数组合。在最优组合参数下，计算得到对称出风口3和出风口6的风速值分别为39.135和41.320 m/s，相对偏差为5.58%；出风口4和出风口5的风速值分别为33.022和34.328 m/s，相对偏差为3.95%，符合设计要求。室内风速试验结果表明，在距离喷雾机出风口1.25 m处，风场风速由上层到下层逐渐增大，实现风场按果树冠层形状分布，喷雾机左右两侧风场对称分布，气流分布均匀。果园多风道喷雾机设计满足要求，可为同类设计提供参考。     

FLUENT软件分析导流板在风机出风口风速分布中的作用

自走式果园喷雾机的风机出风口有一块导流板,导流板对于风机出风口气流风速的分布有着重要的影响.文章基于Fluent14.5软件,对于风机出风口风速的分布进行数值模拟,进而分析导流板的角度和长度在气流场中的具体影响作用.     

栽有作物的圆拱型连栋温室强制通风气流场模拟

为了研究连栋塑料温室在强制通风情况下内部风速场,采用流体力学分析软件Fluent软件建立圆拱型连栋塑料温室强制通风模型加以分析。温室内栽种作物以番茄为例,研究了作物高度为0.5、1、1.5、1.8m条件下温室内部的气流分布情况。数值模拟结果表明:作物对强制通风情况下温室内流场有较大影响,作物区域空气流速变化平缓,作物上部风速迅速增加;由于作物明显阻碍气流运动,不同作物高度的温室内气流分布存在较大差别。     

双出风口四风道清选装置内部气流场仿真及试验

针对传统水稻联合收获机普遍采用的单出风口三风道清选装置在收获喂入量8.0~9.0kg/s时存在清选损失率显著提高、籽粒含杂率增加、效率降低等难题,首先运用CFD软件对课题组研发的双出风口四风道清选装置和传统单出风口三风道清选装置进行了内部气流场数值模拟及对比分析,得出双出风口四风道清选装置内部气流场分布对收获喂入量8.0~9.0kg/s工作环境具有更好的适应性。在已搭建的试验台上布置了42个气流速度测点对双出风口四风道清选装置进行多因素正交内部气流场测量试验,结果表明:双出风口四风道清选装置的鱼鳞筛开度为18mm、分风板倾角Ⅰ为28°、分风板倾角Ⅱ为20°时,振动筛上方前、中部整体气流速度达到最大且后部气流速度回升幅度最大,有利于提高清选性能和效率。     

结构参数设计对风筛式清选装置气流场的影响

运用Gambit软件建立风筛式清选装置的二维几何模型,利用Fluent软件中的标准k-ε湍流模型和壁面函数法对清选室内部气流场分布进行了数值计算。对风机出风口风速、出风口角度、出风口相对于筛面的位置、筛子的结构参数、贯流风机与离心风机串联以及导流板的配置等各个不同工况进行了气流场数值模拟,分析了工况不同时,对清选室气流场分布的影响,并提出了改进方案。     

塔型风送式喷雾机导流结构参数优化

针对风送式喷雾机气流腔室顶部气流较弱、风机吹出的高速气流无法被均匀的导向至各出风口的问题,应用STAR-CCM+流体仿真软件、采用正交试验法对风送式喷雾机的导流结构、入口风速等参数进行优化。利用STAR-CCM+软件对不同导流结构参数的喷雾机内部流场进行仿真分析,通过监测喷雾机出风口处的风速值,判断导流结构安装的合理性。通过调整导流结构的布置,改善喷雾机内部气流的导向过程,使得风机产生的高速气流可以被最大化的均匀导向至喷雾机各出风口处,调整气流在喷雾机顶部出风口处的分布效果。结果表明:当喷雾机入口风速为16 m/s,风机安装位置即风机圆心距地面450 mm,导流板5的安装角度为50°,内隔板安装夹角为20°时,各出风口监测点处的平均速度为22.57 m/s,塔型喷雾机各出风口速度均能满足作业需求且分布均匀,实现了果树不同高度冠层均匀着药的目的。     

联合收获机多风道清选装置气流场分布与风机参数优化

针对现有联合收获机单风道清选室难以满足脱粒排出物对气流速度和方向的要求这一问题,采用Solid Works软件设计了多风道清选室的流道模型,运用ICEM软件对其划分网格,再利用CFD技术对网格模型进行内部气流场分布的数值模拟,并以离心风机的转速、叶轮的叶片数和风机出风口角度3个设计参数作为实验因素,对清选装置内部气流场分布进行三因素二水平正交仿真实验。通过对多风道清选室全压云图和速度矢量图的对比分析,确定风机叶片数为4、风机叶轮转速为1080r/min、风机出风口角度为25°时,清选装置有利于籽粒从脱出物中有效分离和籽粒的清选。     

双风道清选装置的研究

本文推导了计算物料在气流中的三维运动轨迹的微分方程组。在理论上分析了上风扇出风口平均风速和气流方向角、上风扇出风口高度对物料运动轨迹的影响。通过对双风道试验所得回归方程的优化,求得了双风道清选装置取得较好清选效果的上、下风扇出风口平均风速的取值。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。