关于开发无公害化渔业的探讨

开发无公害渔业是二十一世纪发展的方向，也是国内外渔业专家们共同关注的热点。本文从围绕荣成市开发无公害渔业的基础与优势、荣成市开发无公害渔业的目标与思路及荣成市开发无公害渔业的支撑与保障体系等问题进行探讨。     

实现西部优势渔业区域经济可持续发展的对策

改革开放和西部大开发,推进了西部渔业由传统渔业向重点开发区域优势渔业资源方向的发展.按照科学发展观和国内外消费者对渔业市场的需求,遵循先市场调研,再生产的原则,实施养殖名优品种与常规品种并举的战略;争取中央扶持优势渔业区域经济发展的优惠政策,加大对渔业优势区域基础设施和设施渔业基地建设项目资金的投入倾斜力度;拓宽融资渠道,吸引社会资金投入水产业;加大新技术普及、新品种的引进和推广;加快渔业管理机制的创新;加快优势渔业区域技术创新;开发绿色渔业技术.实现优势渔业区域经济可持续发展,使渔业资源优势尽快转变成经济优势,使渔业经济成为大农业中一大优势产业经济.     

发展养殖依靠加工促进广西渔业可持续发展

广西渔业发展情况及其特点近年来,广西各级渔业行政主管部门以促进渔业增效、渔民增收和提高渔业综合生产能力为目标,以优势品种产业化开发和实施养殖规范化管理为重点,以大水面渔业开发作为新的经济增长点,通过政策引导、项目扶持和科学管理,提高产品质量、产业效益和资源开发     

河南省水库休闲渔业开发优劣势及对策分析

河南省水库众多，休闲渔业大有可为。本文从开发休闲渔业相关的资源、市场、政策、科研等角度全面地分析河南省水库休闲渔业开发优劣势，并提出相应开发对策。     

论开发金枪鱼资源，发展创汇渔业

金枪鱼渔业与虾渔业同是世界上最重要的渔业。国际性开发金枪鱼渔业已有30余年历史，它在渔业技术，资源开发，经营水平，鱼品加工，贸易等方面都已有相当的发展。     

发挥资源优势 加大开发力度——明水县渔业资源开发情况的调查

为了更好地总结我县渔业开发的经验和教训,并适时地采取措施,理顺和调整一些制约和限制渔业开发的各种因素,加快我县渔业的发展步伐。最近,我们对全县渔业开发情况进行了调查,并结合实际,提出了加大五项力度,加快渔业发展的对策。现概述如下: 一、历史与现状我县共有自然水域40000亩。截止1994     

瞭望塔

甘肃省政协副主席喇敏智说：渔业开发是西部开发的组成部分甘肃省政协副主席喇敏智前不久对该省渔业工作发表重要讲话。喇敏智副主席指出：这两年渔业工作成绩显著，特别是在我省黄土高原上成功引进养殖了虾、蟹、大银鱼、虹群鱼等名特优品种，提高了群众的生活质量，是了不起的成就，省领导层对渔业工作是大力支持的。现在，中央实施西部大开发战略，渔业开发是西部开发的重要组成部分，要在西部大开发中发挥积极作用。一是渔业机构要稳定；二是加强科研培训，加大渔业开发力度；三是大力发展本地水产品种养殖，利用本地水产品优势占领市场…     

发展中的印度水产业

以往,印度对水产资源的开发仅局限于沿岸水域,200海里内的深海渔业几乎处于未开发状态。随着印度“兰色革命”的开展,渔业在印度日益受到重视。印度政府专门设立了“印度海产品出口振兴局(MPEDA)”最近制定了各项开放政策,广泛吸引外资,蓬勃开展渔业合作,促进深海渔业的开发。     

南海诸岛海域渔业捕捞现状及发展建议

本文提出了南海诸岛海域渔业发展在南海渔业资源可持续利用和中国南海海洋权益维护中的重要性,初步阐述了南海诸岛海域渔业开发现状,分析了制约该渔业发展的主要因素,并提出开发南海诸岛海域渔业资源的对策和建议。     

我国休闲渔业品牌化运营探析——以青岛会场渔村为例

21世纪是品牌的世纪,品牌在企业的生存与发展过程中起着至关重要的作用,我国休闲渔业开发只有做好品牌化运营,才能拥有自身独特的竞争优势,实现长久可持续发展。本文以青岛会场渔村休闲渔业开发为例,分析我国休闲渔业开发实施品牌化运营的意义、遇到的不利条件以及开展品牌化运营的措施,进而为我国休闲渔业的发展提供借鉴思路。     

莱州湾春季鱼类群落关键种的长期变化

关键种对生态系统结构和功能发挥了重要作用,其变化可以引起群落结构振荡和演替,导致生态系统功能紊乱乃至崩溃,因此,了解生态关键种的长期变化有助于解析整个生态系统演替过程。本研究基于莱州湾1959年、1982年、1993年、2003年和2015年春季(5月)底拖网渔业资源调查数据,构建了莱州湾春季鱼类群落食物网拓扑结构,分析了其关键种的长期变化。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类食物网包含物种21~46个,摄食关系范围70~296个,食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.155~0.300,种间关联度0.140~0.182,符合自然条件下群落种间摄食关系。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类群落关键种如下:1959年为六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和黄(Lophius litulon),1982年为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、黄和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),1993年为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、鳀和蓝点马鲛,2003年为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、鳀和黄,2015年为细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼;关键种由经济价值较高的花鲈、小黄鱼和蓝点马鲛等演变为细纹狮子鱼、鳀和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼等经济价值较低的种类;同时,关键种的栖息环境也由中上层与底层生境(蓝点马鲛、花鲈、鳀等)演变为底层单一生境(细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼);关键种的这种更替导致食物网拓扑结构向简单化发展,在某种程度上也增加了鱼类群落结构脆弱性。     

西北地区大水面养殖河蟹技术

20 0 1年我们与河北水利厅合作 ,特聘请上海水产大学的专家对我们这里的三座水库进行资源调查 ,专家们认为小海子水库是天然的养蟹基地。这是一个浅碟型平原型水库 ,库底平坦 ,水草丰茂 ,枯水季节生长的水草可达水面 70 %左右 ,底部腐植淤泥层厚 15cm左右 ,水色呈绿褐色 ,透明度在5 0～ 80cm ,日照时间长 ,日照数波动在 12 2 7～2 74 8h ,年平均气温为 13 5℃ ,日平均气温变动在 - 4 7～ 2 8 2℃之间 ,库区最高气温 39 8℃ ,最低 - 13 8℃ ,月平均水温变化为 2 4～ 2 2 9℃之间 ,月平均最高水温在 7月和 8月 ,最低在 12月和 1月。由于水…     

Genetic variation in tilapia populations in man-made reservoirs in Sri Lanka

An electrophoretic analysis of six populations of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and four populations of O. niloticus (L.) from several rivers and a fish hatchery in Sri Lanka was conducted to determine the degree of mixing within and between stocks. Genetic characterization of the O. mossambicus stocks showed that some degree of mixing with O. niloticus occurred in all but two of the populations examined, while in the case of the O. niloticus, all the populations had some degree of mixing of O. mossambicus alleles. Genetic identity calculated using Nei's coefficient gave values ranging from 0.9484 to 0.9895 for O. niloticus populations and 1.0 to 0.9940 for O. mossambicus populations, while interspecies comparisons ranged from 0.7531 to 0.9002. The implications of these results for fisheries management and aquaculture are discussed.     

Examining changes in participation in recreational fisheries in England and Wales

Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ～1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge.     

Innovation in small-scale aquaculture in Chile

In light of the current depletion of extractive marine resources and the sustainability issues that have arisen in the aquaculture industry, the small-scale aquaculture sector has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative for generating income. To integrate the small-scale aquaculture sector into the food value chain, understanding the decision-making process to innovate becomes essential. This paper explores the factors underlying both innovation choices and intensity among small-scale aquaculture producers by utilizing exclusive census data from the small-scale aquaculture sector in Chile. The results indicate that education, secure property rights, internet access, participation in organizations, commercialization methods, government instruments, understanding of credit, and social learning promote innovation decisions. We also find that largest producers innovate in more areas, suggesting a role of size for both technological and non-technological innovations.     

武汉南湖的浮游植物

调查了武汉南湖浮游植物的群落结构,在5个采样站鉴定出浮游植物67种,隶属于7门24科43属,其中绿藻门种类最多(28种),金藻门最少(1种)。浮游植物平均密度为2.489×106ind./L,秋季最高为2.979×106ind./L,夏季最低为1.949×106ind./L;平均生物量为7.94 mg/L,其中隐藻生物量最高,为2.33 mg/L,甲藻和金藻最低,分别为0.06 mg/L和0.01 mg/L;浮游植物的密度和生物量在5个采样站之间无显著性差异,其M argalef多样性指数较低,在1~2之间。     

豢养斑海豹生长规律研究

为研究斑海豹生长规律,达到科学饲养的目的,对大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司豢养斑海豹进行体检,获取动物性别、年龄、体质量和体长等信息;通过SPSS 13．0软件对动物的生长曲线、体长-体质量关系和雌雄间生长差异进行分析。试验共获得30头豢养斑海豹的体检数据,雌性11头,雄性19头。统计分析发现：logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种模型回归的斑海豹最大体长、体质量依次为167、170、171 cm和153、175、191 kg ;体质量-体长关系为（r2＝0．908）;研究还发现体长-年龄、体质量-体长间的相关关系模型能够较准确的反映斑海豹的生长规律,而体质量年龄模型准确度较差。控制年龄的协方差分析未发现雌雄斑海豹生长规律间的差异（体长：P ＞0．05;体质量：P ＞0．05）。     

Cellulase activity in meiobenthos in wetlands

To validate the involvement of meiobenthos in cellulose breakdown in wetlands, meiobenthos were collected from sediments of Lake Furen and the Biwase River in Hokkaido Prefecture, the Kako River in Hyogo Prefecture, and the Chinai River in Shiga Prefecture. Cellulase activities of the meiobenthos were measured by cellulose zymographic analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels containing 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose. The results showed that most of the Turbellaria, Nematoda, Harpacticoida, and Oligochaeta species exhibited cellulase activity. The molecular sizes of the cellulase-active bands of the sediments in Lake Furen, the Biwase River, and the Chinai River coincided with those of meiobenthos. The findings suggest that meiobenthos might play a major function in cellulose breakdown in these wetlands. This paper is the first to report cellulase activity in meiobenthos and that they are possibly involved in the breakdown of cellulose in wetlands.