山羊痘病毒不同基因片段PCR诊断方法的研究

山羊痘(goat pox)是由羊痘病毒属(Capripoxvirus)山羊痘病毒(Goat poxvirus,GPV)引起山羊及绵羊的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病.本试验根据GenBank上公布的山羊痘病毒P32基因与ITR(inverted terminal repeat)基因序列设计2对特异性引物,比较2对引物扩增山羊痘病毒基因的特异性、敏感性,并将扩增片段进行了克隆、测序,分析基因片段的同源性,拟为山羊痘的诊断提供快速、可靠、简便的诊断与检测技术.     

开春谨防羊痘病

正羊痘包括山羊痘和绵羊痘。1山羊痘山羊痘是由山羊痘病毒引起的热性接触性传染病。以全身皮肤、有时也在黏膜上出现典型痘疹为特征。世界动物卫生组织将其列为A类疫病。1.1病原学山羊痘病毒均为痘病毒科山羊痘病毒属的成员。该病毒是一种亲上皮性的病毒,大量存在     

绵羊痘和山羊痘的防治

1 病原学和流行病学 绵羊痘病毒和山羊痘病毒均为痘病毒科山羊痘病毒属.是一种亲上皮性的病毒,大量存在于病羊的皮肤、黏膜的丘疹、脓疮及痂皮内.鼻黏膜分泌物也含有病毒,发病初期血液中也有病毒存在.     

羊痘病毒中免疫抑制分子的发现以及在疫苗中的应用

正山羊痘病毒(GTPV)是痘病毒科羊痘病毒属中的重要成员。羊痘病毒属有三个成员,GTPV、绵羊痘病毒(SPPV)和牛皮肤疙瘩病毒(LSDV)。三种病毒基因组高度同源,同源性高达95%以上。山羊痘和绵羊痘主要在亚洲以及非洲地区流行;牛皮肤疙瘩病(LSD)在我国尚无流行报道。但目前,已经在我国周边国家流行,给国内养牛业带来巨大威胁。目前,关于GTPV致病力以及免疫逃避机制的研究鲜     

山羊痘病毒贵州分离株P32基因的克隆及序列分析

山羊痘(goat pox)是由羊痘病毒属(capripox-virus)山羊痘病毒(goat poxvirus,GPV)引起的一种主要危害山羊的高度接触性传染病[1]。本试验应用PCR技术,从山羊痘病毒DNA中扩增P32基因,通过pMD18-T克隆载体转化到DH5α工程菌中,并进行重组质粒的鉴定,旨在探索山羊痘病毒贵州株与国     

绵羊痘病毒P32基因克隆与进化分析

利用PCR技术扩增出羊痘病毒结构蛋白P32基因,并进行同源性比对及进化分析.结果表明,该病毒与其他绵羊痘病毒与山羊痘病毒同源性分别为99％与96％.     

羊痘病毒活载体疫苗研究进展

广义的"羊痘"包括山羊痘、绵羊痘和结节皮肤病,是羊、牛等反刍动物的重要皮肤传染病,三者分别由山羊痘病毒(Goatpox virus, GTPV)、绵羊痘病毒(Sheeppox virus, SPPV)和结节皮肤病病毒(Lumpy skin disease virus, LSDV)感染引起,也可交叉感染。GTPV、SPPV和LSDV同属于痘病毒科(Poxviridae)羊痘病毒属(Capripoxvirus)成员,三者统称"羊痘病毒(capripoxvirus, CaPV)"。CaPVs基因组为两端共价闭合的线性双链DNA,对外源基因容纳性较强。病毒本身具有强启动子,可启动外源基因的转录进而对其进行蛋白表达。因此,CaPVs是理想的活疫苗载体,可在体内表达外源抗原并诱导特异性免疫反应。文章综述了CaPVs的基本特征、弱毒活疫苗及CaPV活载体疫苗的研究进展,以期为CaPV活载体疫苗的研究提供参考。     

羊痘病的诊断与防治

羊痘又名"羊天花",是羊的常见病之一,为羊痘病毒属,同属还包括绵羊痘病毒、山羊痘病毒和牛结节性皮肤病病毒,其中绵羊痘病毒为代表种。由绵羊痘病毒和山羊痘病毒引发的疫病死亡率较高,羊痘病毒潜伏期较长,传播范围广、速度快,造成养殖户重大的经济损失。本文就羊痘病毒的诊断方法及防治手段进行综述。     

山羊痘的诊断和防制体会

山羊痘是由痘病毒科,山羊痘病毒属中的山羊痘病毒引起的,以发病羊局部或全身皮肤出现痘疹为特征的一种传染病.其症状剧烈,传染性强,死亡率高.在我国被列为动物一类传染病.现将诊治的一例山羊痘报告如下.     

截去跨膜区对羊痘病毒P32基因免疫原性的影响

羊痘是由羊痘病毒属绵羊痘病毒或山羊痘病毒引起的羊的一种急性、热性、接触性传染病。以无毛、少毛部位皮肤及黏膜发生丘疹和疱疹为特征,是所有动物痘病中最为严重的一种,被感染的羊群由于其生产力和皮毛质量大幅下降,造成巨大的经济损失。世界动物卫生组织（OIE）将该病列为“法定通报疾病”,我国将其列为一类动物疾病。P32蛋白是羊痘病毒（CPV）颗粒的特异性强、免疫原性良好的结构蛋白,可用于羊痘的预防。CPV全长P32基因对细胞有毒性,国内外研究者多以截去跨膜区的P32基因为研究对象,研究其重组蛋白的用途,但对基因截去跨膜区所表达的部分蛋白是否与完整的P32蛋白具有相同的抗原性和特异性,目前尚不明确。笔者等通过构建P32和MP32的重组真核表达质粒,观察对小鼠的免疫效果,初步探讨截去跨膜区对P32基因免疫原性的影响。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.