Development of an open hardware 3-D printed conveyor device for continuous cryopreservation of non-batched samples

A great challenge among communities participating in germplasm repository development is to obtain suitable cryopreservation equipment and devices. Commercial programmable freezers are costly and thus unaffordable to many users. Self-made devices have substantial variability , resulting in few opportunities for standardization across communities. The development of open hardware with the increasing accessibility of three-dimensional (3-D) printing offers rapid prototyping and easy fabrication of devices by users around the world at low cost. The present study explored the feasibility of developing operational prototypes of 3-D printed motorized cryopreservation devices for continuous freezing of non-batched samples. A controlled cooling conveyor device (CCCD) was designed and fabricated to cryopreserve sperm samples in straws that were loaded onto chain links suspended over liquid nitrogen held in a Styrofoam box. Cooling rates of 5–34 °C/min for 0.5-mL French straws were produced by adjusting the height of conveyor chains, slopes, and liquid nitrogen mass. The plunge temperature (−47 °C to −61 °C) was controlled by adjustment of conveyor speed. The cooling curves from the CCCD were comparable to a commercial programmable freezer. There were no significant differences in post-thaw motility of sperm from ornamental (Koi) common carp (Cyprinus carpio) among samples frozen with the CCCD and those frozen with a commercial programmable freezer. The post-thaw sperm motility was consistent among samples frozen in the CCCD across a 15-min time span. The CCCD prototypes in the present study proved to be feasible and functional as low-cost, customizable, portable, and yet standardizable options for freezing of individual (non-batched) samples. Additional design alternatives are proposed to facilitate further adaptation and development by diverse user communities.     

Vitrification of sperm from marine fish: effect on motility and membrane integrity

Our goal was to develop a standardized approach for sperm vitrification of marine fish that can be applied generally in aquatic species. The objectives were to: (i) estimate acute toxicity of cryoprotectants over a range of concentrations; (ii) evaluate the properties of vitrification solutions (VS); (iii) evaluate different thawing solutions and (iv) evaluate sperm quality after thawing by examination of motility and membrane integrity. Sperm were collected from red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). A total of 29 combinations of cryoprotectants were evaluated for toxicity and glass formation. Samples were loaded onto 10‐μL polystyrene loops and plunged into liquid nitrogen. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in post‐thaw motility among VS and among species when using the same VS. The sperm in VS of 15% DMSO + 15% ethylene glycol + 10% glycerol + 1% X‐1000^? + 1% Z‐1000^? had an average post‐thaw motility of 58% and membrane integrity of 19% for spotted seatrout, 38% and 9% for red snapper, and 30% and 19% for red drum. Adaptations by marine fish to higher osmotic pressures could explain the survival in the high cryoprotectant concentrations. Vitrification offers an alternative to conventional cryopreservation.     

Assessment of spat collector ropes in Galician mussel farming

The large amount of mussel seed required to support the present mussel farming production levels in Galicia (NW Spain) forces the development of new designs in artificial spat collectors for continual improvement of mussel seed gathering. In the present study, we have assessed both settlement and recruitment of Mytilus galloprovincialis on four different collector ropes in the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (Galicia). Besides the traditional collector ropes (lacing without loops and non-filamentous structure; NF-NL), three new rope designs with different lacing and structures were evaluated; ropes with a filamentous loop complement (F-L), ropes with a non-filamentous loop complement (NF-L) and filamentous ropes without loops (F-NL). Ropes with loops showed higher settlement densities (53,925 ± 4625 and 42,433 ± 5525 indiv./m for F-L and NF-L, respectively) than ropes without loops (26,475 ± 3875 and 13,033 ± 1136 indiv./m for F-NL and NF-NL, respectively). This may be explained by the increase in available surface area provided by the loops. Several studies recognized the importance of filamentous substrata for mussel spat settlement, which may help to explain greater settlement densities on filamentous structures between ropes with the same lacing. In recruitment evaluation, ropes with filamentous loops showed the highest densities expressed in indiv./m (5493 ± 587) as was the case of settlement. However, when density was expressed in kg/m, the ropes with non-filamentous loops had a higher yield (8.48 ± 0.22 kg/m), that could be a result of differences in adjusted shell length between ropes. Intra-specific competition and predation were identified as important factors affecting post-settlement mortality. The latter factors could also influence population length distribution. Ropes with rigid loops (NF-L) may supply refuges for spat from predators and therefore, enhance the recruitment of larger individuals, although other factors like size selective settlement could play a significant role in this result.     

海带收获转运装置设计

为实现海带收获转运机械化,减轻海带收获人员的作业强度,通过改进现有海带养殖筏架模式,将海带苗绳首尾依次连接成串,便于海带机械化收获转运,在此基础上设计并试制回转伸缩齿爪式收获转运试验装置。采用单元数值算法对海带收获过程中成串海带苗绳张力及拖拽力进行计算与分析,对照分析不同苗绳拖拽角度对转运装置运行状态的影响。计算分析和台架试验结果显示:海带收获转运装置拖拽附着养成海带苗绳结合点张力为1290 N,当拖拽海带苗绳起吊角≤15°时,伸缩齿爪无法挑起苗绳,易发生脱绳现象;当拖拽海带苗绳起吊角>15°时,伸缩齿爪可依次挑起海带苗绳,海带能够顺利经过转运装置,达到海带收获转运的目的;回转伸缩齿爪式收获转运装置台架试验运行情况良好,齿爪顺序伸缩机构可有效解决收获转运过程中海带缠绕齿爪的关键问题。液压系统设计采用叠加式液控单向阀,可解决油管泄漏吊臂快速下降的问题,提高系统的安全性。试验研究表明,回转伸缩齿爪式收获转运技术是可行的,可为海上试验打下扎实的基础。     

New USB-based 3D digital echo sounder system for mapping and assessing fish and aquatic plants

A recently developed echo sounder with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver can display both the boat position and echo gram. However, this information is displayed in different views. In this paper, we present a new digital three-dimensional (3D) echo sounder system comprising a traditional analog echo sounder, GPS receiver, notebook personal computer (PC), and a low-cost, compact, self-developed universal serial bus (USB)-based analog-to-digital (A/D) converter board. Multiple echo views can simultaneously display various desired targets more clearly than the view in a traditional analog echo sounder. The newly developed analysis software can precisely extract the information related to bottom depth, plants, and fish schools from the echoes. By combining the acoustic and position data, the system can map both the fish and plant echoes on the 3D sea bed generated from the extracted bottom depth. This system has been proved to be useful in observing the 3D and wide-area distribution of both fishes and aquatic plants and in studying habitat parameters in aquatic ecosystems. A notebook PC equipped with the self-developed USB-based A/D converter board is capable of transforming any traditional analog echo sounder into a high-performance 3D digital echo sounder.     

Evaluation of a Mechanical Grader to Separate Fingerling Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,into Length Groups

A Fischtechnik fingerling grader and bioscanner counter were evaluated for speed and accuracy in grading and counting channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus," fingerlings. Channel catfish fingerlings ranging in total length from 90 to 280 mm were graded into 110- to 140-mm, 140- to 170-mm, 170- to 200-mm and >200-mm length groups and counted. A sample of the fingerlings was manually separated through grader boxes with 109 mm (7/16 inch), 141 mm (9/16 inch) and 172 mm (11/16 inch) bar spaces to compare length variation within size groups with the mechanical grader. The accuracy of the bioscanner counter was tested by comparison with hand countintg. Fingerlings weighing 679 kg were mechanically graded and counted in 56 minutes, a rate of 12.1 kg/minute. Standard deviation for length within size groups was 10.9, 13.5, and 24.0 mm for the 109-mm, 141-mm, and 172-mm grader boxes, respectively; and 13.4, 12.6, 13.0, and 16.4 mm for the 110- to 140-mm, 140- to 170-mm, 170- to 200-mm and >200-mm mechanical grader length categories, respectively. Length variance within size groups was statistically lower for the mechanical grader compared with the box graders (P < 0.05). The bioscanner counter averaged a 5% overcount of channel catfish fingerlings compared with the manual count (P < 0.05).     

Cryopreservation of male and female gonial cells by vitrification in the critically endangered cyprinid honmoroko <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gnathopogon caerulescens</Emphasis>

We investigated the feasibility of cryopreservation of spermatogonia and oogonia in the critically endangered cyprinid honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens using slow-cooling (freezing) and rapid-cooling (vitrification) methods. Initially, we examined the testicular cell toxicities and glass-forming properties of the five cryoprotectants: ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol (PG), and 1,3-butylene glycol (BG), and we determined cryoprotectant concentrations that are suitable for freezing and vitrification solutions, respectively. Subsequently, we prepared the freezing solutions of EG, GC, DMSO, PG, and BG at 3, 2, 3, 2, and 2 M and vitrification solutions at 7, 6, 5, 5, and 4 M, respectively. Following the cryopreservation of the testicular cells mainly containing early-stage spermatogenic cells (e.g., spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes), cells were cultured for 7 days and immunochemically stained against germ cell marker protein Vasa. Areas occupied by Vasa-positive cells indicated that vitrification led to better survival of germ cells than the freezing method, and the best result was obtained with 5 M PG, about 50% recovery of germ cells following vitrification. In the case of ovarian cells containing oogonia and stage I, II, and IIIa oocytes, vitrification with 5 M DMSO resulted the best survival of oogonia, with equivalent cell numbers to those cultured without vitrification. The present data suggest that male and female gonial cells of the endangered species G. caerulescens can be efficiently cryopreserved using suitable cryoprotectants for spermatogonia and oogonia, respectively.     

复合池塘循环水养殖系统微生物群落结构分析

于2008年6至10月逐月调查研究了新型复合池塘循环水养殖系统各塘水体理化和微生物分子特征.通过提取水样中细菌总DNA,扩增其16S rDNA基因V3区,再经DGGE分析获得图谱,选择其中主要的13条特征条带进行克隆测序.研究结果表现为,随水流方向(Pl→P5),各循环塘溶氧(DO)和透明度(SD)依次呈明显下降趋势,而NH4~+-N,TP和COD_Mn水平呈明显上升趋势;与对照塘相比,循环塘DO和SD升高,COD_Mn和营养盐水平降低.DGGE图谱分析显示,各养殖塘微生物种类丰富,循环塘与对照塘的群落结构存在明显差异,且差异主要表现在较弱的条带上;13条特征条带的测序结果表明,池塘优势菌群分属4个门:放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中有2条属于蓝细菌门的条带特定分布于对照塘.典型对应分析(CCA)排序结果显示,DGGE图谱条带分布与理化因子密切相关.与传统池塘养殖相比,该养殖模式有助于改善养殖池塘微生态环境.本研究旨为池塘微生物群落结构及其功能关系研究提供借鉴.     

Assessment of spat collector ropes in Galician mussel farming

The large amount of mussel seed required to support the present mussel farming production levels in Galicia (NW Spain) forces the development of new designs in artificial spat collectors for continual improvement of mussel seed gathering. In the present study, we have assessed both settlement and recruitment of Mytilus galloprovincialis on four different collector ropes in the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (Galicia). Besides the traditional collector ropes (lacing without loops and non-filamentous structure; NF-NL), three new rope designs with different lacing and structures were evaluated; ropes with a filamentous loop complement (F-L), ropes with a non-filamentous loop complement (NF-L) and filamentous ropes without loops (F-NL). Ropes with loops showed higher settlement densities (53,925 ± 4625 and 42,433 ± 5525 indiv./m for F-L and NF-L, respectively) than ropes without loops (26,475 ± 3875 and 13,033 ± 1136 indiv./m for F-NL and NF-NL, respectively). This may be explained by the increase in available surface area provided by the loops. Several studies recognized the importance of filamentous substrata for mussel spat settlement, which may help to explain greater settlement densities on filamentous structures between ropes with the same lacing. In recruitment evaluation, ropes with filamentous loops showed the highest densities expressed in indiv./m (5493 ± 587) as was the case of settlement. However, when density was expressed in kg/m, the ropes with non-filamentous loops had a higher yield (8.48 ± 0.22 kg/m), that could be a result of differences in adjusted shell length between ropes. Intra-specific competition and predation were identified as important factors affecting post-settlement mortality. The latter factors could also influence population length distribution. Ropes with rigid loops (NF-L) may supply refuges for spat from predators and therefore, enhance the recruitment of larger individuals, although other factors like size selective settlement could play a significant role in this result.     

黄鳝PLA2基因的克隆及表达分析

利用同源克隆技术和RACE技术克隆黄鳝(Monopterus albus)磷脂酶A2(PLA2)基因的cDNA全长;并采用荧光定量RT-PCR法检测PLA2基因在黄鳝各组织中的表达量情况。结果显示:黄鳝PLA2基因全长cDNA大小为2 606 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KX852397),其中开放阅读框2 205 bp,编码736个氨基酸,预测分子大小为83.623 kD,理论等电点5.84;5'和3'非编码区长度分别为208 bp和193 bp。该蛋白序列没有信号肽和跨膜结构。氨基酸序列比对和系统树分析显示,黄鳝PLA2基因的结构十分保守,黄鳝与大黄鱼和金头鲷的PLA2基因亲缘关系最近,与鼠类和蟾蜍的亲缘关系较远。RT-PCR分析表明,PLA2基因在组织中的表达具有组织特异性,在消化器官前肠组织中的表达最高,在性腺及肌肉组织中表达很少。     

Development of sperm vitrification protocols for two endangered salmonid species: the Adriatic grayling, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thymallus thymallus</Emphasis>, and the marble trout, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo marmoratus</Emphasis>

Vitrification was applied to the sperm of two endangered fish species of So?a River basin in Slovenia, the Adriatic grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) following testing different cooling devices and vitrifying media. Sperm was collected, diluted in species-specific non-activating media containing cryoprotectants, and vitrified by plunging directly into liquid nitrogen without pre-cooling. Progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, and straightness of fresh and vitrified-warmed sperm were evaluated with computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Fertilization trials were carried out to test the effectiveness of vitrification in the case of grayling. A protocol utilizing a glucose-based extender, 30% cryoprotectants (15% methanol + 15% propylene glycol), 1:1 dilution ratio, and droplets of 2 μl on a Cryotop as cooling device yielded the highest post-thaw motility values for both Adriatic grayling (7.5?±?6.5%) and marble trout (26.6?±?15.8%). Viable embryos were produced by fertilizing eggs with vitrified grayling sperm (hatching 13.1?±?11.7%, control hatching 73.9?±?10.4%). The vitrification protocol developed in this study can be utilized in the conservation efforts for the two species as an alternative to slow-rate freezing when working in field conditions or when specific equipment necessary for slow-rate freezing is not available.     

Characterization of an antibacterial substance produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pediococcus pentosaceus</Emphasis> Iz3. 13 isolated from Japanese fermented marine food

ABSTRACT:   Fermentation of raw marine food is popular in Japan, but is occasionally associated with Clostridium botulinum outbreaks. Lactic acid bacteria in fermented food produce antibacterial substances (ABS). An ABS producing strain Iz.3.13 was isolated from commercially fermented ' izushi '. The purpose of this study was to characterize strain Iz.3.13 and the ABS it produced. Strain Iz.3.13 was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus by morphological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence similarity. Strain Iz.3.13ABS produced and ABS inhibited Listeria and Cl. botulinum. The ABS was inhibited by α-chymotrypsin and proteinase K, but not by catalase, lipase, or α-amylase indicating the ABS was a bacteriocin. The bacteriocin remained active at 100°C for 15 min, and pH 2–8. Mode of action of the bacteriocin against Listeria monocytogenes was bactericidal and bacteriolytic. Partial analysis of the purified bacteriocin by Edman degradation, showed a 22-amino acid residue closely related to Pediocin AcH. However, MALDI-TOF-MS analysis estimated a molecular mass of 4621.6 Da. This is a first report of a Cl. botulinum -inhibiting bacteriocin-producer from traditional Japanese fermented marine food. The bacteriocin produced by Ped. pentosaceus Iz.3.13 might have potential to ensure the safety of fermented marine food.     

应用AFS—2201型双道原子荧光光谱法联合测定水产品中砷和汞

应用AFS-2201型双道原子荧光光谱法研究了联合测定水产品中砷和汞的技术；用HNO6－HClO4（4∶1）混合酸消化样品，待样品消化完全之后再加入5％硫脲－5％抗坏血酸混合改进剂，并以1.40％硼氢化钾（KBH4）为还原剂，在（1＋9）的硝酸介质中测定砷和汞，其砷和汞的最低检出量为AS：0．2ng／ml，Hg：0．06ng／ml。     

Effects of codend circumference and twine diameter on selection in south-eastern Australian fish trawls

Two experiments, done in a south-eastern Australian trawl fishery targeting school whiting (Sillago flindersi: Sillaginidae), examined the relative efficiencies and selectivities of five codends and extension sections made from double-twine, 90-mm (inside stretched length) mesh netting. All extension sections were made from 3-mm diameter twine and were 100 meshes long and 100 meshes in circumference, while the codends were 25 meshes in length. The first experiment tested three codends made from 4-mm diameter twine: one with a circumference of 100 meshes and two of 200-mesh circumference, with one of the latter incorporating two cross-sectional joins in its extension piece. The second experiment compared two 200-mesh circumference codends, one constructed from 3-mm diameter twine and the other from 5-mm diameter twine. The codends were alternately fished with a small-meshed control. The results showed a general trend of reduced selection by the 200-mesh circumference and thicker twined codends, and especially by the industry-preferred 200-mesh circumference codend constructed from 5-mm diameter twine. Experiment 1 found that the 100-mesh codend caught significantly fewer school whiting, retained catch and total catch than did the two 200-mesh codends, and the 200-mesh codend with the modified extension section caught significantly fewer school whiting and retained catch than did the 200-mesh codend with the straight extension. In the second experiment, the 200-mesh 5-mm twine codend caught significantly more total and retained catch, school whiting, and longspine flathead (Platycephalus longispinis: Platycephalidae) than did the 200-mesh 3-mm twine codend. Across all codends, the smallest lengths at 50% probability of retention (L₅₀) were estimated for longspine flathead, redfish (Centroberyx affinis: Berycidae) and longfin gurnard (Lepidotrigla argus: Triglidae) in the 5-mm 200-mesh codend. The limited size range of school whiting resulted in unreliable estimation of selectivity in the 200-mesh 5-mm twine codend, but this design was the only one that retained a substantial proportion of individuals below the minimum marketable length (15 cm fork length). While the 200-mesh 5-mm twine codend retained commercial quantities of school whiting, it seems far from optimal. It is suggested that a more efficient design comprising possibly smaller, square-shaped meshes should be developed and used in conjunction with temporal, spatial and catch restrictions.     

以PLA、PHBV为碳源的生物絮团技术在海水养殖中的应用

本研究以聚乳酸(PLA)和3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸共聚(PHBV)作为外加碳源,探究在模拟海水生物絮团养殖中,高、中、低盐度下PLA与PHBV碳源释放规律以及对海水生物絮团养殖中水质、微生物多样性及其群落结构的影响.结果显示:PHBV碳源要优于PLA碳源,中盐度更有利于各种营养盐的转化,氨氮质量浓度最终保持在3...     

鲢肌球蛋白重链球状结构域的cDNA克隆及结构解析

根据已经获得的两种鲢肌球蛋白重链同工型基因(低温型sc-w和高温型sc-s)在3′端展现的明显差异,设计了2个特异性的反向引物,以鲤科鱼类肌球蛋白重链5′端的保守序列为正向引物,通过Long-PCR对编码鲢两种肌球蛋白重链同工型的球状结构域(Subfragment-1,S1)的全长基因进行了克隆和测序,并推断出它们一级结构的氨基酸序列。研究结果表明,sc-w与sc-s在S1的初级结构上显示80.5%的同源性、与已经报道的草鱼低温型(gc10)有97.2%的高同源性;sc-s则与草鱼中间型(gcI)和高温型(gc30)显示了分别为98.4%和97.1%的高同源性。低温型的sc-w和gc10在S1初级结构上展现的特有变异主要发生在43个氨基酸残基位点,其中15个属保守性残基。对S1区域中两个功能性的表面环loop1(与ATP结合位点有关)和loop2(与肌动蛋白结合位点有关)的结构解析发现,sc-w和gc10在两个表面环的长度、残基电荷分布和氨基酸组成等方面与其它同工型之间存在明显差异,揭示了这两个表面环的结构差异可能影响了栖息于不同环境温度下的淡水鱼的肌球蛋白分子马达功能。分子系统树的分析结果进一步证明,鱼类栖...     

基于朴素贝叶斯算法的水产类专利文本分类

本文选取公开日从1992年1月1日到2011年12月31日的水产类的9 894条失效专利作为数据挖掘的文本。从中选出56条专利,利用分词器对其摘要进行分词,并通过卡方检验的方法过滤掉与分类相关度比较小的词,形成词组矩阵。然后采用朴素贝叶斯的方法对这些矩阵进行训练并设计程序。使用训练过后的程序对失效专利进行分类测试,合格后再对所有的专利的摘要文本进行分类,并对分类结果进行了分析和验证。验证的结果表明该程序对文本进行分类的准确率达到了85%,达到了比较好的可信度,可以用它对文本分类。如此我们就可以把失效的水产类专利文本按照设定的类别进行归类,了解一个时间段它们的分布情况,为以后做决策提供参考。     

Development of a simple and rapid monoclonal antibody-based flow through immunogold assay (FIA) for detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aeromonas hydrophila</Emphasis>

In this study, we developed a simple, low-cost, and rapid flow through immunogold assay (FIA) for detection of Aeromonas hydrophila in fish tissues and validated. The developed assay relied on colloidal gold conjugated highly specific monoclonal antibody (B8E3) against 20 kDa protein of A. hydrophila. The assay can be completed within 5 min including antigen (sample) preparation and exhibited no cross-reaction with other major aquatic pathogens such as Vibrio anguillarum, V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and Aphanomyces invadans. A wider range of Aeromonas species were tested including A. caviae, A. dhakensis, A. sobria, A. veronii, A. culicicola, A. sharmana, and A. schubertii and no cross-reactivity could be observed. The developed technique FIA could detect 10³ CFU/ml of aeromonad cells. In addition, the FIA is as sensitive as the first-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 1000 times sensitive than the immunodot blot method. The validation study revealed the accuracy of FIA by comparing with the standard first-step PCR. The proposed FIA is low-cost, easy-to-use, and compatible for field-level analysis of A. hydrophila in fish tissues. Our developed FIA could successfully detect A. hydrophila at early stage of the infection and could be easily availed by farmers, fish producers, non-technicians, and technicians in the aquaculture industry.     

三江并流区澜沧江干流捕食线虫真菌的水陆分布模式探究

为研究三江并流区澜沧江干流水、陆生境中的捕食线虫真菌（Nematode-Trapping Fungi,NTF）多样性分布差异,在该区域布设9个采样区对NTF进行调查,并分析NTF在澜沧江流域不同空间尺度下的水陆分布模式。每个样区设置水、陆对称采样点各5个,每个采样点用5点法采集水、陆样品各1份,共采集90份样品。采用单孢子挑离法获得NTF纯培养,结合形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定物种。共获得2属13种76株NTF,其中陆生土壤中检出2属11种49株,水体底泥中检出1属6种27株。结果显示,NTF物种组成在三江并流区澜沧江干流水、陆生境间存在较大差异,具有水陆异质性分布模式,干流陆地上具有比水生环境中更高的物种检出率和物种多样性;此外,与之前对澜沧江支流NTF的水陆分布研究结果相比,NTF在干流上水陆分布差异比支流更大,表明在流域生态系统中,NTF的监测结果同时也能反映不同空间尺度下的环境异质性,以流域为研究单元,以NTF为研究对象,可能更有助于了解微生物的空间分布格局。     

HACH速测法与国标法测定对虾养殖水体氮磷含量的比较

为探讨HACH速测法检测对虾养殖水体氮磷含量的可行性,应用HACH速测法和国标法(GB 17378.4-2007)检测对虾池塘水体NH_3-N、NO_2~--N和PO_4~(3-)含量,分析两种方法测定结果及其相互关系;并研究了对虾养殖池塘水样直接过滤测定、过滤低温冻存和低温冻存过滤三种处理方法对NH_3-N、NO_2~--N和PO_4~(3-)检测结果的影响。结果显示,HACH速测法检测NH_3-N、NO_2~--N和PO_4~(3-)的标准曲线线性良好,检测结果与国标法检测结果差异显著(P0.05),但两者之间有显著的线性关系,线性方程分别为Y(NH_3~-N)=0.891X(NH_3~-N)-0.006;Y(NO_2--N)=1.657X(NO_2~--N)+0.004;Y(PO_4~(3-))=0.901X(PO_4~(3-))-0.018(Y为国标法检测值,X为HACH速测法检测值);HACH速测法检测养殖水体的结果利用建立的函数方程进行换算,获得的计算值与国标法检测值无显著性差异;经三种方法处理后的对虾池塘水体NH_3~-N、NO_2~--N检测值之间无显著差异,但经冻存处理两组水样的PO_4~(3-)含量显著低于直接过滤检测组PO_4~(3-)含量,冻存处理组之间PO_4~(3-)含量无明显差异。结果表明,HACH速测法可用于检测养殖水体NH_3-N、NO_2~--N和PO_4~(3-)含量,但检测结果需要经函数转化;为保证水样检测结果的准确性,待检水样需要采取合适的保存方式或者立即进行测定。