百合品种离体培养的研究

对"布鲁拉诺"、"索蚌"、"提伯"3个百合品种的离体培养进行了比较研究.结果表明:接种百合鳞片外植体的最佳消毒方法是0.1%升汞消毒8 min,污染率较低,为11.0%,而成活率最高,可达88.0%;采用小鳞茎整体消毒可以有效降低污染率,污染率为0.0%;不同百合品种分化小鳞茎的能力有较大差异,分化能力依次为"布鲁拉诺"＞"索蚌"＞"提伯";在继代增殖培养中,"布鲁拉诺"的增殖系数最高,迭5.0,其次为"索蚌","提伯"最低,为4.2;3个百合品种的试管苗生根率都较高,其中"布鲁拉诺"最高,为92.0%,"索蚌"87.5%,"提伯"83.3%.     

切花百合生长发育特性的研究

对东方百合品种西伯利亚和索蚌、麝香百合品种罗瑞拉、亚洲百合品种布鲁拉诺共4个切花百合品种在温室栽培中的形态特征、物候期和生长发育动态进行调查和观测。结果表明,布鲁拉诺最早进入开花期,为5月初,其次是罗瑞拉,5月末进入开花期,而西伯利亚和索蚌最晚,为6月末;西伯利亚植株最高,达60cm,其次是罗瑞拉,约50cm,索蚌和布鲁拉诺相对较矮;单朵花期以西伯利亚最长,为9.0天,罗瑞拉最短,为6.5天,其余2种相近;西伯利亚的花径最大,为19.7cm,布鲁拉诺的花径最小,为11.5cm;从出苗期到现蕾期期间,布鲁拉诺的生长速度较快,索蚌的生长速度最慢。     

百合在西藏林芝的引种栽培试验研究

对从兰州引进的里昂、布鲁拉诺、普莱托3个百合品种在西藏农牧学院温室进行了引种栽培试验研究,同时与当地品种卷丹做了对比.结果表明:卷丹种鳞萌芽期最早,布鲁拉诺和普莱托稍晚,里昂最晚.种鳞萌芽率:卷丹＝里昂(100%)＞布鲁拉诺(86.7%)＞普莱托(80%).4种百合的高生长进程表明,从出土至始花期是百合的高生长期,一般为49～50 d,高生长高峰期为5月中旬～6月初.4种百合的现蕾期依次是:普莱托最早,里昂稍晚,布鲁拉诺晚于里昂,卷丹最晚.     

利用隶属函数法筛选百合鳞片繁殖最佳条件

以东方系百合索蚌(Sorbonne)和O/T系百合黄天霸(Manissa)2个品种为试验材料,采用室内控温埋片方法,通过对鳞片进行不同激素处理和变温处理,对不同处理下小鳞茎产生的数量、鲜重、直径、根数等指标进行测定.利用隶属函数法对材料的各项指标进行综合评价.结果表明:索蚌鳞片繁殖的最佳条件为:IBA 200 mg/L浸泡鳞片30 min,置23℃条件下12 w;黄天霸鳞片繁殖的最佳条件为:先将鳞片置于23℃条件下8 w,然后移置5℃条件下6 w.     

索尔邦百合试管鳞茎的诱导

以东方百合‘索尔邦’鳞片为外植体,研究了不同因子对百合试管鳞茎的诱导及快速繁殖的影响。结果表明:鳞片不同部位对分化率影响的大小依次为:外层下部外层中部中层下部外层上部中层中部内层下部中层上部内层中部内层上部,分化率最高的部位为外层下部;百合鳞片诱导分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,最适pH 5.8,分化率为88.3%。     

百合属''''红骑士''''的组织培养和快速繁殖

通过单株筛选获得最佳的'红骑士'优良单株,将选出的植株的鳞片不同部位接种于不同培养基上,诱导不定芽和小鳞茎,结果发现,2周后,鳞片切口处变褐,后逐渐产生小鳞茎,部位不同,诱导率不同,中部和下部比上部诱导率高,最佳培养基为MS 1mg/L 6-BA 0.1mg/LNAA.小鳞茎在生根培养基1/2MS 1.0 mg/LNAA上的生根率为61%.组培苗驯化移栽成活率在80%以上.     

野生毛百合与松叶百合组培快繁技术研究

以毛百合与松叶百合不同部位的鳞片为外植体,研究了不同消毒方式、不同激素组合和不同部位鳞片对毛百合和松叶百合不定芽诱导和增殖的影响.结果表明:毛百合用75％酒精30 s+30％ 84消毒液15 min消毒效果最好;鳞茎的最佳诱导培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA;最佳不定芽增殖培养基MS+0.3 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA.松叶百合鳞茎的最佳诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA;芽的增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D.外植体取样部位以鳞茎中层鳞片的基部较好.     

东方百合鳞茎长期冷藏期间形态和生理变化研究

以浙江省山地自繁的东方百合鳞茎'索蚌'(Sorbonne)为试材,探讨了5℃冷藏条件下鳞茎的芽伸长变化,以及贮藏性和代谢性养分的变化规律.结果表明:百合鳞茎内的新芽在冷藏过程中不断伸长,60 d后顶芽生长点距鳞茎端部的距离小于1 cm,继续冷藏1个月后新芽突破顶端.在贮藏的前2个月,淀粉含量明显下降,外层鳞片是3层中下降幅度最大的,后2个月淀粉含量趋于缓慢上升.可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在贮藏的5个月时间里,均呈不断上升的趋势.中层鳞片的可溶性总糖含量增幅最大,达到了196.11%.     

长白山百合的离体快繁技术研究

为明确长白山百合离体组织培养及植株的再生能力,对长白山百合不同部位的组织进行了离体培养,并进行了不同培养激素的对比试验.结果表明:长白山百合外中部鳞片小鳞茎形成率明显高于内部,再生小鳞茎的出现部位主要位于鳞片基部;在附加不同激素水平及其配比的MS培养基上培养,长白山百合以MS(植物组织培养基本培养基)+0.5mg/L BA(细胞分裂素)+0.1 mg/L NAA(萘乙酸)+3%蔗糖和MS+0.5 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+3%蔗糖等2个培养基生长最好.     

观赏百合鳞片气培过程中器官分化

利用气培技术对观赏百合鳞片进行培养。结果表明：气培１４～１６天，鳞片基部形成愈伤组织，１６～１８天小鳞茎开始分化形成，２０～２７天，鳞茎分化率在９０％以上，７０天时，每片鳞片上小鳞茎数目为２～４个，最多的达７个，鳞茎直径０．２～１．２ｃｍ；小鳞茎分化一周后，鳞茎基部开始生根，以后出现根毛，根分化率在９０％以上；气培４０天时，小鳞茎顶部开始抽生叶片，叶片分化率为３０～６０％。母体鳞片总重量从气培开始即呈持续上升趋势，母球及鳞片质量，对气培过程中鳞片上器官的分化与生长影响极大。     

卷丹新品种‘秦岭卷丹’

‘秦岭卷丹’是从引种的秦巴山区野生卷丹珠芽繁殖群体中选育出的新品种。花被片披针形,反卷,橙红色,有紫黑色斑点,观赏价值高,抗病性好。单个鳞茎平均质量达130 g,抑菌活性较高,鳞茎营养价值高,亦是优良的药食百合品种。珠芽种植繁殖。适宜在秦岭南部及秦岭北麓地区栽植。     

Effect of bulb storage temperature on leaf emergence and plant development during scale propagation of Lilium longiflorum ‘White American’

Effects of temperature and duration of bulb storage on leaf emergence of scale bulblets and on the type of plant development were investigated in Lilium longiflorum ‘White American’. After the parent bulbs had been stored for 0, 5, 10 or 15 weeks at 30, 20, 10, or 0°C, scales collected from different parts of a bulb were scale-propagated at 25 or 14°C, or under the temperature regimes normally used in The Netherlands. Independently of the scale position, a higher storage temperature promoted leaf emergence from scale bulblets, whereas a lower temperature delayed it. Higher storage temperatures produced more epigeous type plants, especially from outer and middle scales. Sprouting of the parent bulb had no effect on leaf emergence from the scale bulblets nor on the type of plant development.     

东方百合花粉萌发最佳培养基筛选

以东方百合“索蚌”、“西伯利亚”花粉为试材,研究了运用多因素随机区组设计,蔗糖、氯化钙和硼酸不同浓度组合对2种百合花粉萌发率的影响.结果表明:“索蚌”花粉萌发的最佳组合为硼酸300mg/L+蔗糖10 g/L+氯化钙50 mg/L;“西伯利亚”花粉萌发率最佳组合为硼酸100～200 mg/L+蔗糖10 g/L+氯化钙50 mg/L.     

百合鳞茎形成与发育生理研究进展

 在阐述了百合鳞茎生长发育特点的基础上, 综述了百合鳞茎形态发生与膨大发育的生理研究进展, 主要包括鳞茎的形成生理与影响因子, 鳞茎发育过程中的养分积累与调控机制, 以及子鳞茎离体诱导与培养等研究进展, 并就今后鳞茎研究趋势进行展望。     

短暂高温对百合植株抗氧化酶系统的影响

以百合栽培品种‘White Heaven'和‘Tiber’为材料,研究了短暂高温胁迫对抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性、相对电导率、丙二醛（MDA）及可溶性蛋白含量的影响,同时对SOD、POD同工酶电泳进行了分析。结果表明：37℃和42℃短暂高温胁迫对两品种形态、相对电解质渗透率没有明显影响,47℃处理下‘Tiber’相对电解质渗透率及MDA含量明显提高。高温胁迫提高了两品种SOD、POD、CAT活性。高温胁迫下两品种SOD同工酶带无增减,只是活性改变。‘White Heaven'存在5条POD同工酶带,‘Tiber’存在2条,高温胁迫后‘White Heaven’POD同工酶表达量高于‘Tiber’。以上结果说明：百合植株可通过提高抗氧化酶活性来抵御一定的高温胁迫（37℃、42℃）,不同品种SOD、POD、CAT活性对高温响应方式不同。     

Propagation of Lilium hybrids. I. Dependence of bulblet production on time of scale removal and growth substances

Production of bulblets from bulb scales of 12 Lilium Oriental hybrid clones indicated that an approximately threefold range in regenerative capacity existed within this group. The cultivar ‘Empress of India’ was the highest producer and provided 10 bulblets per bulb scale during a six-month period. This could provide an estimated yield of 500 bulblets per bulb. Propagation from bulb scales of most of the clones was equally effective with scales which were removed from the plants either immediately after cold treatment of the dormant bulbs, at the cessation of flowering, or at the cessation of growth of the aerial stems (post-senescence). Only ‘Empress of India’ and ‘American Eagle’ deviated, in that they produced fewer bulblets at the post senescence stage.When bulb scales were removed for propagation immediately after flowering, and treated with a combination of BAP and NAA (both 5 μM), bulblet production of the low producing clones was significantly increased, while that of the high producing ‘Empress of India’ was significantly decreased. These effects were less pronounced when the bulb scales were removed at the post-cold stage and virtually absent at the post senescence stage.     

食用百合试管苗缓慢生长保存的研究

为了建立食用百合种质资源缓慢生长保存体系,将扩繁培养后得到的试管苗接种到12种不同培养基中,10℃和25℃下分别保存6个月,观察不同处理试管苗生长情况。结果表明:低浓度甘露醇对百合试管苗生长的抑制效果差,而高浓度甘露醇严重影响其生长势,缓慢生长保存的最适浓度为20g·L-1;蔗糖对百合试管苗的生长有抑制作用,适宜浓度为60g·L-1;20g·L-1甘露醇+60g·L-1蔗糖处理的百合试管苗存活率均达100%,且有鳞茎形成,保存效果最好。10℃保存的试管苗生长缓慢,有利于鳞茎形成,保存至6个月时不需要继代培养;25℃保存试管苗的鳞茎形成率低,培养基损失量高,必须继代才能继续保存。     

Effects of bulb desiccation and storage on the in vitro propagation of hyacinth

The effect of long-storage and silica gel desiccation of hyacinth bulbs (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) on in vitro bulblet formation was investigated.Bulbs of 3 cultivars were stored at 25°C and 50–60% relative humidity for 17 months. This long-term storage of bulbs markedly enhanced bulblet initiation from scales and growth of regenerated bulblets.Bulbs of 5 cultivars were desiccated with silica gel for 5 and 20 h before in vitro propagation. The total number of bulblets increased as a result of 5 h desiccation with silica gel. Bulb desiccation for 20 h caused a large increase in the growth rate of bulblets. This desiccation treatment with silica gel is a practical method to obtain many and more regenerative explants in the in vitro propagation of hyacinth.