脱落酸、水杨酸和氯化钙对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响

选用不同浓度脱落酸(ABA)、氯化钙(CaCl)2、水杨酸(SA)对3叶期的番茄幼苗进行叶面喷施处理,研究低温胁迫下(昼温/夜温=(10±0.5)℃(/5±0.5)℃)三种外源化学物质对番茄冷害指数及与抗冷性相关的生理指标的影响。结果表明,用10和15mg·L-1ABA、1400和1800mg·L-1CaCl2、300和400mg·L-1SA喷施番茄幼苗后,番茄叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低,叶绿素和脯氨酸含量升高,冷害指数降低,对冷害具有缓解作用。所有处理中以1400mg·L-1氯化钙处理的效果最好。     

外源物质对番茄耐冷性相关指标的影响

以番茄为试验材料,在番茄幼苗四叶一心时喷施三种外源物质ABA(10 mg·L-1)、Ca Cl2(1 200 mg·L-1)、SA(300 mg·L-1),一次性喷施3 d后放入人工气候箱中低温胁迫处理(昼/夜:10℃/6℃),低温处理5 d后测定冷害指数和各项指标,研究三种外源物质对番茄幼苗耐冷性相关指标的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫后,番茄体内脯氨酸含量上升,CAT活性、叶绿体膜和类囊体膜ATP酶活性下降。喷施ABA、Ca Cl2、SA三种外源物质后,可缓解番茄幼苗冷害程度,表现为冷害指数显著下降,脯氨酸含量、CAT活性、叶绿体膜和类囊体膜ATP酶活性显著升高。其中,以喷施1 200 mg·L-1Ca C12冷害指数最低,其他指标(包括脯氨酸含量、CAT活性、叶绿体膜和类囊体膜ATP酶活性)表现最好,故效果最佳。     

脱落酸、水杨酸和钙对黄瓜幼苗抗冷性的诱导效应

为了探明脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和氯化钙(CaCl2)对黄瓜幼苗抗冷性的影响及其生理机制,以津优35号黄瓜幼苗为试材,叶面喷施0.1 mmol.L-1 ABA、1 mmol·L-1 SA和10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,以喷洒去离子水为对照(CK),在光照培养箱中进行低温(昼/夜温度8℃/5℃,光量子通量密度为100μmol.m-2·s-1)处理.结果表明,低温胁迫可使黄瓜幼苗的冷害指数、电解质渗漏率(EL)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著升高.随着胁迫时间的延长,过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐升高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性先升高,后降低;脯氨酸与可溶性糖含量明显增加.胁迫前经ABA、SA和CaCl2预处理,黄瓜幼苗的冷害指数分别比CK降低50.0％、40.0％和47.1％,EL和MDA含量的增加幅度明显减小,胁迫初期H2O2含量增加幅度大于CK,但24 h后呈下降趋势,72 h时分别比CK降低27.9％、27.5％和34.4％;抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量显著高于CK.说明ABA、SA和CaCl2对黄瓜幼苗抗冷性有明显的诱导效应,这种效应与抗氧化酶活性提高和渗透调节能力增强有关.     

水分胁迫下水杨酸对油松幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化作用的影响

采用盆栽PEG处理的方法研究了水分胁迫条件下水杨酸对油松幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响.结果表明,水分胁迫导致油松幼苗SOD和CAT活性降低,O-2积累,由此引起膜脂过氧化,MDA含量增高,质膜相对透性增大.在水分胁迫期间外加水杨酸(SA)处理可提高SOD和CAT活性,降低O-和MDA含量.这表明在水分胁迫条件下SA能够降低膜脂过氧化作用,对膜脂具有保护作用.     

水分胁迫下水杨酸对小麦幼苗叶片膜脂的保护作用

水分胁迫导致小麦幼苗SOD活性降低,O2.-积累,由此引起膜脂过氧化,MDA含量增高.在水分胁迫期间外加水杨酸(SA)处理可提高SOD活性,降低O2.-和MDA含量.这表明在水分胁迫条件下SA能够降低膜脂过氧化作用,对膜脂具有保护作用.     

外源水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的影响

为了探明水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)对NaCl胁迫下番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)幼苗的叶片氧化损伤的影响,对番茄幼苗叶面喷施不同浓度SA(0,100,300,500mg·L-1),研究了SA对NaCI(100mmol·L-1)胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的影响.结果表明:NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片中的SOD,PoD,CAT活性,游离脯氨酸含量,可溶性蛋白质含量,可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量上升,SA处理显著提高了NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗SOD、CAT和POD活性,游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和可溶性糖的含量.其中500mg·L-1SA处理效果最好,其最高值分别比单独NaCl处理植株增加了27.83%、29.52%、27.83%、 32.39%、51.39%和13.57%;SA处理显著降低丙二醛的含量,其中500mg·L-1SA处理效果最好,其最高值比单独NaCl处理植株降低了11.41%.外源SA可以通过提高植株渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力,维持植株水分平衡,保护膜结构和功能,减轻NaCl对番茄幼苗的胁迫伤害.     

CaCl_2与SA对辣椒幼苗抗冷性的影响

研究了10 mmol.L-1CaCl2和0.72 mmol.L-1SA单独及混合处理对低温(15℃/5℃)胁迫下辣椒幼苗叶片渗透调节物含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:CaCl2、SA单独及混合处理均降低了低温胁迫下叶片电解质渗透率和MDA含量,提高了SOD、POD的活性及可溶性糖的含量,其中CaCl2+SA的缓解效应最佳,CaCl2次之,SA最差.     

茄果类幼苗低温伤害与膜脂过氧化作用

随着低温时间延长,番茄、辣椒幼苗GSH和ASA含量下降,CAT活性降低,H_2O_2含量相应增高;MDA积累和电解质泄漏增多,膜脂过氧化作用增强,膜系统受到的伤害加大。番茄和辣椒幼苗在2±1℃的低温胁迫超过2h时,膜系统的损害明显加大。自由基清除剂(GSH、AsA、SB和甘露醇)的预处理可减轻低温引起的膜脂过氧化。低温下,叶绿体膜脂过氧化作用亦增强。     

外源水杨酸缓解西葫芦幼苗低温胁迫的效应

以四叶一心期西葫芦幼苗为试材,研究了外源水杨酸(SA)对低温(15℃和5℃)胁迫下西葫芦幼苗叶片相对电导率、可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、自由水/束缚水比值的影响.结果表明,西葫芦幼苗喷施150,250和350 mg·L-1 SA后,叶片相对电导率和自由水/束缚水比值降低,可溶性糖含量和CAT活性升高,外源SA能缓解低温对西葫芦幼苗的胁迫.5℃低温下,以250 mg· L-1 SA效果最好,而15℃低温下,以350 mg·L-1 SA效果最好.     

油菜素内酯对低温胁迫下番茄幼苗生理指标的影响

【目的】探究外源油菜素内酯对低温胁迫下番茄幼苗的影响.【方法】以卡焰番茄为材料,低温胁迫过程中喷施BR及ABA,测定番茄幼苗叶片电解质渗透率、MDA含量、蔗糖相关酶、抗氧化酶活性、光合参数等.【结果】胁迫48 h后,BR处理的番茄幼苗叶片蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性相比对照及同时施用BR和ABA的处理提高了1.5倍,胁迫72 h后BR处理的番茄幼苗CAT活性比其他两个处理提高了2倍以上,POD活性高了1.5倍,而SOD活性高了1.8倍.胁迫72 h后BR处理的番茄幼苗叶片中MDA含量比对照降低了2.6倍,比同时施用BR和ABA的处理低了1.6倍,电导率降低1倍以上.【结论】施用外源BR后番茄幼苗的抗氧化酶活性升高从而保护幼苗膜系统,SS、SPS活性升高调节渗透系统从而使幼苗更好的应对低温胁迫,ABA对BR的效果有抑制作用.可见,BR通过调节幼苗生理代谢以增加对低温的耐受性,缓解效果随着胁迫时间的增加而提高,在48 h时对促进番茄幼苗的蔗糖转化效果最好,在72 h时对番茄幼苗膜系统的保护效果最好.     

外源水杨酸诱导对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响

试验采用水杨酸(SA)诱导5叶期番茄幼苗,研究SA诱导及诱导后冷胁迫对番茄幼苗抗冷性相关生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,外源SA诱导能明显提高番茄幼苗的抗冷性;而冷胁迫前,经SA诱导的番茄幼苗叶片的相对电导率显著降低,POD活性、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量显著提高。其中,SA浓度为300 mg.L-1的处理表现最佳。     

外源ABA对低温下雷公藤幼苗的生理响应

以1年生的雷公藤扦插苗为试验材料,对其外施浓度分别为5、10、15、20、25 mg·L-1脱落酸(ABA)溶液,以喷施蒸馏水为对照(CK),并进行连续7d的低温胁迫处理.研究低温胁迫下ABA对雷公藤幼苗叶片质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)、保护酶和脯氨酸等生理生化指标的影响.研究表明,喷施浓度为15-20 mg·L-1的A...     

外源SA对李花抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响

为研究外源水杨酸(SA)对李花抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环以及对李花抗寒性的影响,以‘大石早生李’‘安哥诺李’2个品种为试材,以喷水处理为对照,研究了喷施适宜浓度的外源水杨酸(SA)对-2℃低温处理4h后2个品种的李花H_2O_2质量摩尔浓度以及对抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中酶及抗氧化物质的影响。结果表明:0.20、0.15 mmol·L~(-1)SA可以分别降低‘大石早生李’‘安哥诺李’的H_2O_2质量摩尔浓度,显著增强谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性,提高抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、总抗坏血酸、总谷胱甘肽质量摩尔浓度和AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG。低温胁迫下,AsA-GSH循环受到破坏,但喷施适宜浓度的外源SA可以显著增强李花的抗氧化酶活性,提高抗氧化物质质量摩尔浓度,降低李花的膜质过氧化作用,降低低温对细胞膜的破坏,维持AsA-GSH循环系统的稳定性,从而一定程度上提高李花的抗寒性。     

外源物质对番茄幼苗抗冷效果的影响

研究了通过喷施不同浓度的抗坏血酸（AsA）、水杨酸（SA）和脱落酸（ABA）在低温胁迫条件下对番茄幼苗的冷害指数以及与抗冷性相关的部分生理生化指标的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的抗坏血酸、水杨酸和脱落酸喷施番茄后,均可使番茄幼苗叶片中的相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低,POD活性提高,脯氨酸含量升高,冷害指数降低。在所有处理中以10mmol/L抗坏血酸处理的效果最好。     

水杨酸增强黄瓜幼苗耐盐性的生理机制

【目的】明确外源水杨酸（Salicylic acid，SA）对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）幼苗耐盐性的作用。【方法】采用SA根际注射和叶面喷施相结合的方法，研究了NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗对外源SA的生理响应。【结果】外源SA促进了NaCl胁迫下黄瓜叶片可溶性糖和Pro的积累，最高分别使两者含量提高了110.4%和82.2%。SA处理提高了NaCl胁迫下黄瓜叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性，降低了非胁迫条件下黄瓜叶片SOD活性。SA使NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗保持较高的含水量，并与单一NaCl胁迫对照达到极显著差异水平（n=10，P＜0.01）。施用外源SA后，与单一NaCl胁迫相比黄瓜叶片MDA含量和原生质膜电解质渗透率分别降低了30.9%和79.9%。SA处理能够显著改善NaCl胁迫下黄瓜植株的株高、茎粗和干物质积累（n=10，P＜0.05），有效地缓解NaCl对黄瓜幼苗生长的抑制作用。【结论】外源SA可以通过提高植株渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力，维持植株水分平衡，保护膜结构和功能，减轻NaCl对黄瓜幼苗的胁迫伤害。     

Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid(ABA) Enhances Chilling Tolerance in Seedlings of Napier Grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)

Napier grass, an important forage crop with potentials in multi-purpose applications, is widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Low temperature severely limits its productivity and geographical distribution in temperate regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic Acid(ABA) on chilling tolerance of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) seedlings. Seven-day-old napier grass seedlings were cultured in dd H_2O or ABA solution at different concentrations and exposed to 1 ℃ for different time durations. The chilling injury, membrane stability index(MSI) and proline content were estimated from leaf samples. The results showed that there was obvious morphological injury of leaf blighting and restrained growth for the seedlings under chilling stress, but this damage can be largely reduced(by 2/3) when the seedlings were treated by 100 μmol/L ABA in the culture solution, and that the application of exogenous ABA can help to maintain a good stability of leaf cell membrane as expressed by a high MSI value and a low level of proline in leaf cells. These results suggested that exogenous ABA can significantly alleviate chilling injury in napier grass seedlings by maintaining the stability of leaf cell membrane during chilling stress, and that the chilling tolerance was not ensured by a proline accumulation although a passive accumulation of proline was observed in the seedlings under chilling stress. Our results lay a preliminary foundation for future investigations on the molecular mechanisms of ABA induced chilling or freezing tolerance in napier grass.     

Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid (ABA) Enhances Chilling Tolerance in Seedlings of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)

Napier grass, an important forage crop with potentials in multi-purpose applications, is widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Low temperature severely limits its productivity and geographical distribution in temperate regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic Acid(ABA) on chilling tolerance of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) seedlings. Seven-day-old napier grass seedlings were cultured in dd H_2O or ABA solution at different concentrations and exposed to 1 ℃ for different time durations. The chilling injury, membrane stability index(MSI) and proline content were estimated from leaf samples. The results showed that there was obvious morphological injury of leaf blighting and restrained growth for the seedlings under chilling stress, but this damage can be largely reduced(by 2/3) when the seedlings were treated by 100 μmol/L ABA in the culture solution, and that the application of exogenous ABA can help to maintain a good stability of leaf cell membrane as expressed by a high MSI value and a low level of proline in leaf cells. These results suggested that exogenous ABA can significantly alleviate chilling injury in napier grass seedlings by maintaining the stability of leaf cell membrane during chilling stress, and that the chilling tolerance was not ensured by a proline accumulation although a passive accumulation of proline was observed in the seedlings under chilling stress. Our results lay a preliminary foundation for future investigations on the molecular mechanisms of ABA induced chilling or freezing tolerance in napier grass.     

Effects of Exogenous Silicon on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Chilling-Stressed Cucumber Leaves

In order to increase vegetable productivity by improving environmental conditions, this article investigates the effects of exogenous silicon on the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and on lipid peroxidation under chilling stress, and it examines whether silicon-induced chilling tolerance is mediated by an increase in antioxidant activity. Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun 4 was hydroponically cultivated to the two-leaf stage, at which point seedlings were watered with different concentrations of silicon （0, 0.1 and 1 mmol L^-1） and separately exposed to normal （25/18℃） or chilling （15/8℃） temperatures for six days under low light （100μmol m^-2 s^-9. Data were collected from the second leaves on the percentage of withering and the levels of endogenous silicon, malondialdehyde （MDA）, hydrogen peroxide （H202）, superoxide radical （O2^.-）, superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.15.1.1）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX, EC 1.11.1.11）, monodehydroascorbate reductase （MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4）, glutathione reductase （GR, EC 1.6.4.2）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and ascorbate （AsA）. Compared to normal temperatures, chilling resulted in partially withered leaves and increased MDA content. When 0.1 or 1 mmol L^-1 exogenous silicon was combined with chilling, the withering of the cucumber leaves was reduced relative to the original chilling treatment, while the endogenous silicon content was increased, antioxidants such as SOD, GSH-Px, APX, MDHAR, GR, GSH, and AsA were more active, and the levels of H2O2, O2^.-, and MDA were lower. We propose that exogenous silicon leads to greater deposition of endogenous silicon and thereby increases antioxidant activities and reduces lipid peroxidation induced by chilling.