江苏盐城市棉花生产形势与政策建议

1盐城市2011年棉花生产形势1.1面积增加。江苏盐城市2011年棉花种植面积为11.2万hm2,比2010年10.6万hm2增加0.6万hm2。1.2单产下降。2011年全市皮棉单产1203kg.hm-2,比2010年的1279kg.hm-2下降76kg.hm-2。1.3总产略减。2011年全盐城市2011年棉花总产     

棉花嫁接与高产栽培技术

棉花嫁接是选择抗病、生长旺盛、品质优良的海岛棉为砧木,选择生育期适中、桃多桃大、高产优质的陆地棉为接穗进行嫁接和栽培,以达到抗病、高产、优质的目的.2010年江苏省盐城市农业科学院采用改良劈接法对棉花进行嫁接,并示范栽培2 hm2以上,其成活率达到95%以上,一个熟练工每天可以嫁接300-500株;2011年盐城市天大农业技术公司开始产业化尝试,以合作社的形式为农民订单生产棉花嫁接苗,示范应用面积达到33.33 hm2以上.     

江苏盐城棉花生产现状及稳定产业发展的对策

针对江苏省盐城市棉花种植面积大幅下降、产业主导地位丧失、形势严峻的现状,通过总结该市2012年棉花生产情况,整理分析棉花生产主要特点和存在问题,就当前形势下,农业推广部门如何推进棉花产业稳定发展提出了初步的对策措施。     

江苏省盐城市2014年棉花生产概述

<正>2014年,江苏省盐城市棉花生产遭受了8月8日至9月30日连续54d阴雨天气影响,棉花生长缓慢,现蕾开花受阻,脱落加重,结铃减少,产量降低;加之子棉价格走低,植棉效益大幅下降。1生产效益1.1面积减少盐城市2013年棉花种植面积4.68万hm2,比2013年减少2.01万hm2,减幅30%。1.2产量下降盐城市2014年平均皮棉产量为1127.1kg·hm-2,比2013年下降331.95 kg·hm-2,降幅     

江苏盐城市棉花面积萎缩的原因与对策

盐城市一直是江苏省主要棉花生产基地,棉花在盐城市社会经济中起着举足轻重的作用.由于受植棉成本上涨、劳动力资源不足、自然灾害频繁发生、病虫害交替危害、种植其他特经作物效益更高等因素影响,棉花生产危机日益明显.据调研盐城市植棉基本情况,总结棉花面积萎缩的原因.提出了可通过发展棉田间作套种、集中规模化种植、研究推广简化栽培技术、促进棉花产业化经营、提高经济效益等应对措施,力求堆持棉花面积稳定.     

江苏盐城瓜棉间套作双高产栽培技术

江苏省盐城市亭湖区地处黄海之滨,常年种植棉花面积在20000 hm2左右,西瓜、香瓜与棉花间作面积达12 000 hm2,是该地棉田立体种植的主要模式.2010年,在全国棉花高产增效创建活动中,其高效立体种植模式深受广大棉农的欢迎.特别是在盐城市亭湖区黄尖镇、盐东镇的棉花高产创建项目区,取得了较好的经济效益.为进一步稳定棉花生产面积,服务于棉农提高收益,现将这一立体间套作模式及栽培技术介绍如下.     

百泰防治棉花枯黄萎病试验探讨

盐城市是江苏省农业大市，也是我国重要的棉花产区，更是植棉历史悠久的全国重点产棉大市。由于特殊的地理位置和绝佳的土壤气候条件，建国后数十年来盐城市东部沿海地区的农民一直以一年麦棉两季轮作，全市常年棉花种植面积在173．3khm2左右，棉花成了全市东部沿海地区农民的重要经济来源。     

三系杂交棉中棉所83在江苏盐城示范种植表现

江苏省盐城市是我国棉花生产的优势区域,也是江苏省棉花生产的重点地区。20世纪末开始推广种植抗虫杂交棉品种,并迅速发展应用,到2010年抗虫杂交棉种植面积已达到植棉面积的95％以上。但是由于抗虫杂交棉品种在制种方面劳动强度大、成本高、纯度难保证,因此近几年杂交棉制种规模逐步缩小,制种产量逐年下降,种子价格不断上升,已严重影响抗虫杂交棉品种的推广和应用。     

苏棉9号选育和成果转化的回顾

由新洋农试站棉花育种家郭长佐等主持培育的棉花新品种苏棉９号,１９９５年４月定名,同年５月被农业部列为全国“九五”棉花后备品种,１２月获农业部棉花育种科技攻关新品种二等奖。１９９６年被列为江苏省“九五”科技新成果重点转化项目和江苏农科院重点科技成果示范推广项目,１９９７年８月又被国家科委列为国家级重点推广成果,全国入选该项目的棉花品种仅两个,１９９８年起被列为江苏省棉花当家品种。盐城市政府连续三年将苏棉９号的良繁和开发利用列入农业重点工程,１９９７年苏棉９号获盐城市政府科技进步一等奖,１９９９年又…     

银企携手御风险共做促销大文章

盐城市属江苏省的棉花主产区。 2 0 0 1/2 0 0 2棉花年度 ,农发行盐城市分行按照“以销定贷、以效定贷”的政策要求 ,累计投放新棉收购贷款 12 92亿元 ,支持企业收购皮棉 310万担 ,供销系统棉花企业继续发挥了购销主渠道作用。为防范企业经营风险和银行信贷风险 ,盐城市农发行和棉花企业主管部门密切协作 ,坚持把新棉促销工作从早抓起、从实抓起 ,明确目标 ,硬化措施 ,落实责任 ,严格考核 ,目前新棉促销工作已初见成效。至 2 0 0 2年 1月 2 0日 ,盐城市农发行信贷支持的棉花购销企业已销售新棉 6 5 2 6万担 ,占收购总量的2 1 11% ,计归还…     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece

Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.     

Changes in daily rainfall characteristics in major rice producing provinces in Laos

In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos. The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular, heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

中国马铃薯单倍体诱导进展

马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。