江西省6种宽皮柑橘类黄酮及挥发油成分的研究

【目的】对江西省6种主要宽皮柑橘‘南丰蜜橘’大果系、‘南丰蜜橘’小果系、‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系、‘新余蜜橘’、‘三湖红橘’、‘樟头红’中的类黄酮及挥发油成分进行测定分析,为江西省宽皮柑橘资源的充分利用提供依据。【方法】通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC),以新橙皮苷、橙皮苷、柚皮苷为标准品测定江西省6种宽皮柑橘果皮、果肉中类黄酮成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取6种果皮挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MC)分离鉴定挥发油组分。【结果】6种宽皮柑橘果皮、果肉中类黄酮均只检测到橙皮苷,且果肉中含量均显著低于果皮中橙皮苷含量,果皮中橙皮苷含量顺序为‘南丰蜜橘’大果系‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系‘樟头红’‘南丰蜜橘’小果系‘三湖红橘’‘新余蜜橘’,果肉中橙皮苷含量顺序为‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系‘三湖红橘’‘南丰蜜橘’小果系‘新余蜜橘’‘樟头红’‘南丰蜜橘’大果系;6种宽皮柑橘果皮中挥发油鉴定出主要风味物质的数量依次为‘南丰蜜橘’大果系20种、‘南丰蜜橘’小果系19种、‘南丰蜜橘’早熟系11种、‘新余蜜橘’19种、‘三湖红橘’13种、‘樟头红’13种,且挥发油中均以萜烯烃类化合物为主要风味物质,除‘南丰蜜橘’大果系以萜品烯含量最多,为38.258%,其余均以D-柠檬烯含量最多,超过80%。【结论】江西省宽皮柑橘中主要类黄酮为橙皮苷,不同品种、部位的橙皮苷含量及果皮中挥发油成分存在显著差异。     

气相色谱法快速测定蔬菜中四种农药残留

对蔬菜中有磷农药残留的测定方法进行了一些探讨，用于测定多种蔬菜中敌敌畏、乐果、甲拌磷、对硫磷四种有机磷农药残留的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定不同时期的日本楤木叶中芦丁含量

采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定日本楤木叶中的芦丁含量。HPLC的最佳色谱条件：检测波长为360nm，流动相为甲醇：水=43：57，柱温30℃，流速1.0mL/min。在该条件下，芦丁在0.005~0.17mg/mL浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系，平均加标回收率为100.6%，RSD为1.8%。测定结果表明，露天栽培与林下栽培的日本楤木叶中的芦丁动态累积趋势无明显差异，在8月份芦丁含量均达到最大值，分别为5.40mg/g和1.65mg/g。     

高效液相色谱法测定食用菌中福美双残留量

建立食用菌中福美双残留量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法.新鲜食用菌子实体样品粉碎后经二氯甲烷超声(53 Hz)提取20 min,离心(3320 g、5 min),二氯甲烷经氮气吹干,甲醇定容后用HPLC测定.以等体积甲醇和0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相,1 mL/min等度洗脱,在0.05～10 μg/mL范围内,福美双的峰面积与其浓度呈线性相关,R≥0.999,方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg,添加回收率为79.4％～90.2％,变异系数为1.15％～7.51％％.     

高效液相色谱法测定4个蓝莓品种果实中糖酸组分及含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定日光温室内栽培的4个蓝莓品种果实中糖、酸的组分及含量。结果表明,高效液相色谱法可获得分离良好的色谱图,糖的回收率为98.85%～101.90%,有机酸的回收率为100.08%～101.20%;果实中的糖包括木糖、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖,以果糖和葡萄糖为主,果糖含量17.38～31.29 mg/g,葡萄糖含量16.94～31.87 mg/g;果实中有机酸包括草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸,以柠檬酸为主,其次是苹果酸,柠檬酸含量4.669～7.446 mg/g,苹果酸含量0.218～1.170 mg/g。     

基于高效液相色谱法的宁夏葡萄酒中十种酚类物质的测定

以宁夏贺兰山东麓10个葡萄酒样品为试材,采用了HPLC法同时测定陈酿葡萄酒中没食子酸、水杨酸等10种单体酚,并通过样品回收率和精密度的测试,确定了最佳色谱条件。结果表明:UltraⅡ-C_(18)色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相A为水∶乙酸(98∶2)(V/V),流动相B为乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL·min~(-1),检测波长为280nm,在此条件下各物质在25min内得到了良好的分离,各物质的含量和峰面积均有较好的线性关系(r0.999),同时回收率较高(80%),重复性好,具有定量准确、时间短等特点。10个葡萄酒样品中均能检测到这10种物质,且含量各不相同;其中没食子酸、儿茶素含量均较高。     

高效液相色谱法

正高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)又称高压液相色谱、高速液相色谱、高分离度液相色谱、近代柱色谱等。高效液相色谱是色谱法的一个重要分支,以液体为流动相,采用高压输液系统,将具有不同极性的单一溶剂或不同比例的混合溶剂、缓冲液等流动相泵入装有固定相的色谱柱,在柱内各成分被分离后,进入检测器进行检测,从而实现对试样的分析。该方法已成为化学、医学、工业、农学、商检和法检等学科领域中重要的分离分析技术。     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中的氨基甲酸酯

采用高效液相色谱法，以C18色谱柱，以甲醇：水(V／V)=80：20混合液为流动相，在不同的波长下测定吸收值；通过测定常见蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类杀虫荆的残留量，结果该法精密度高．准确度好。     

柑橘中类黄酮的组成与代谢研究进展

柑橘是人类膳食中类黄酮的主要来源之一。类黄酮对人体健康有多方面的生理功能,且其抗癌、抗病毒、抗炎及抑菌效果可能基于其强抗氧化活性。柑橘中的类黄酮类物质分为黄烷酮、黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮醇和花色苷等几类,且以黄烷酮糖苷类含量最为丰富。柑橘中类黄酮组成和含量因种质和组织部位而异,柚果实中含有大量苦味的新橘皮糖苷类,而甜橙和橘果实中以无苦味的柚皮芸香糖苷类为主。目前,对类黄酮代谢途径的认识主要局限于其主通路上,但对类黄酮糖基化、酰基化以及甲基化等相关的基因和酶类研究较少。随着柑橘类黄酮代谢研究的深入,其积累和分布的遗传机理将逐渐得以揭示,这将会为培育功能性柑橘新种质提供理论依据。     

盐酸振荡浸提法快速测定柑橘叶中的大量矿质元素

矿质元素在果树生理过程中起重要作用，过多或缺少某一元素都会引起树体营养元素失调，从而引起其特有的生理病害，影响树势、产量、果品品质。柑橘是我国规划的优势农产品之一，生产上，常通过叶片中矿质元素分析来判断养分丰缺，指导合理施肥。     

Cellular wall metabolism in citrus fruit pericarp and its relation to creasing fruit rate

Citrus creasing results in serious economic loss in many citrus orchards. Based on the different incidence of creasing, two sweet orange cultivars ‘Hong Jiang’ (grafting chimaera of which flesh is mostly from Citrus reticulata Blanco and peel is from Citrus sinensis Osbeck in) and ‘An Liu’ (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were used to investigate the creasing rate. The ultrastructure in cellular wall, cellular wall component, cellular wall degradation-related enzymes and expansin (Ct-Exp1) of sweet orange during fruit ripening in field were comparatively analyzed. ‘Hong Jiang’ sweet orange had a higher creasing rate than ‘An Liu’ during ripening. The activities of polygalacturonase, cellulase and pectinesterase in cellular wall of ‘Hong Jiang’ increased more markedly compared with ‘An Liu’. The increases in the content of soluble pectin, ionically associated pectin, covalently bound pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose of ‘Hong Jiang’ were higher than those of ‘An Liu’. Furthermore, the enhanced degradation of the ultrastructure in the albedo cellular walls was observed in ‘Hong Jiang’. Moreover, the northern blot analysis indicated that the Ct-Exp1 gene expressed more strongly in peel of ‘Hong Jiang’ than ‘An Liu’ during fruit ripening. These data suggest that enhanced loss of pectin and cellulose in the cellular walls of peel tissue of sweet orange could result in fruit creasing.     

Asymmetric growth of citrus fruit peel induced by localized application of gibberellins in lanolin pastes

Lanolin pastes containing 0.02–1.0% gibberellin A₄₊₇(GA₄₊₇) were applied to one side of developing citrus fruitlets and caused thickening of the peel in the proximity of the treated zone. Enlargement of albedo (= the white portion of citrus peel) cells was involved, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The flavedo (= the coloured portion of the peel) and the pulp were not affected by the hormone. Gibberellin A₃ was slightly less active than GA₄₊₇. Cultivars with a naturally thick peel, such as ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and ‘Shamouti’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) responded more strongly than thin-peel cultivars. The role of gibberellins in the differential growth of citrus fruit tissues is discussed.     

火龙果中螺螨酯残留检测及膳食摄入风险评估

[目的]建立螺螨酯在火龙果全果和果肉中的残留检测方法,并对火龙果果肉中的残留量进行膳食摄入评估.[方法]样品中螺螨酯加乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺和石墨化碳黑净化,离心,上清液过滤膜后超高效液相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱检测,外标法定量.[结果]火龙果全果和果肉中螺螨酯平均回收率分别为87％～105％和81％?90％,相对标准...     

柑橘果实柠檬酸代谢研究进展

柑橘果实中柠檬酸含量是决定果实品质好坏的重要因素之一.综述柑橘成熟果实中有机酸的种类、柑橘果实发育过程中柠檬酸的代谢、调控、相关酶及柠檬酸代谢的分子生物学研究等内容;详细介绍柠檬酸的代谢途径及相关酶活性的变化,并提出今后的研究方向、思路和需要解决的问题.     

抑霉唑硫酸盐在柑橘果实中的降解规律研究

【目的】为柑橘抑霉唑硫酸盐的合理使用提供科学依据,【方法】采用浸果法对抑霉唑硫酸盐在柑橘中消解动态进行了研究。样品中的抑霉唑硫酸盐用甲醇提取,液液分配去除杂质,离子对高效液相色谱检测。【结果】当添加水平为0.10～5.0 mg.kg-1时,添加回收率为73%～91%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～5.8%,最低检测浓度为0.10 mg.kg-1。抑霉唑硫酸盐在柑橘全果和橘皮中的降解动态曲线符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为63 d和60 d。【结论】该检测方法的灵敏度、精确度、准确度均满足农药残留检测要求。抑霉唑硫酸盐在柑橘上降解较快。     

杧果无胚果实内源激素的分离与测定

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定了杧果无胚果实及正常果实果肉的内源激素(GA3、IAA、ABA和ZT)含量。结果显示:无胚果实果肉的GA3及ZT含量与正常果实无显著差异;无胚果实果肉的IAA含量高达19.91μg·g-1,而正常果实果肉仅为2.44μg·g-1,差异极显著;无胚果实与正常果实的ABA含量分别为3.44μg·g-1和0.023μg·g-1,差异显著。     

Leaf gas exchange and fruit yield in sweet orange trees as affected by citrus variegated chlorosis and environmental conditions

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is a disease caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. The most productive areas for citrus in Brazil are the northwestern and the northern regions of the São Paulo state, where CVC incidence is more severe. Additionally, these areas have the highest temperatures as well as significant vapor pressure deficits (VPD) and seasonal droughts. Environmental stresses are known to affect CVC-infected plants under semi-controlled conditions, but it is unclear whether similar effects occur in the field. The objective of this work was to evaluate the CVC leaf symptoms and environmental influences on fruit yield and size, and physiological parameters of healthy and CVC-affected plants (including both non-symptomatic and symptomatic leaves) in the morning and afternoon during the wet and dry seasons of 2003 in the southern, central and northern regions of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Increased VPD caused the stomatal conductance (gs) and CO₂ assimilation rates (A) to drop in healthy plants, but diseased plants had low VPD influences on gs, especially closer to the northern region and in leaves that were more symptomatic, confirming that diseased plants do not respond to changes in environmental VPD, corroborating several results reported in the literature. Although symptomatic northern leaves exhibited low stomatal apertures, the northern region had the highest air temperatures and VPDs, increasing the water loss in these plants, suggesting that towards the northern region plants face greater atmospheric and soil water stress. The fruit size of diseased plants diminished towards the north, while the fruit size of healthy plants must have been influenced by the tree fruit load. We suggest that CVC-affected plants suffer greater physiological damage if grown under environmental constraint, such as that found in the northern region of the São Paulo state.     

刺芹侧耳发育过程中海藻糖含量及影响因子

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)基质菌丝及其生长发育过程中海藻糖含量,总结其变化规律以及温度对海藻糖含量的影响。结果表明:未接种时培养料中海藻糖含量极低,为0.0094%,带料菌丝检测结果为:菌丝体阶段,海藻糖的含量均低于0.12%,随着培养天数的增加,海藻糖的含量逐渐升高;转为生殖生长以后继续升高,在原基形成时达到峰值,含量为0.14%,进入生殖生长迅速下降;菇蕾期后海藻糖含量基本保持稳定,直至采收结束,海藻糖的含量再次降低至0.05%。不同培养温度下,带料菌丝中海藻糖的含量随温度的升高逐渐增大,但温度过高时,菌丝死亡,海藻糖含量急剧下降至0.0091%。     

超高效液相色谱法分析丝瓜酚类物质组分及其含量

建立超高效液相色谱快速测定丝瓜中酚类物质组分及其含量的方法,为丝瓜酶促褐变的后续研究提供技术支持。液相色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),流动相为甲醇(A)/0.3%乙酸水溶液(B),柱温32℃,进样量2μL,流速为0.25 m L·min~(-1)。采用梯度洗脱,洗脱程序0~0.5 min,95%B;0.5~17.5 min,95%~67.5%B;17.5~18 min,67.5%~95%B。检测波长选取283 nm。14种酚类化合物标准品在18 min内完全分离,样品中检测出13种酚酸。线性范围在0.05~4mg·L-1,检出限(S/N=3)为0.004~0.049 mg·L~(-1),决定系数均大于0.999,精密度、重复性、稳定性相对标准偏差均小于5%。平均回收率在95.70%~106.89%,相对标准偏差在0.32%~4.71%。龙胆酸为丝瓜样品中主要酚酸,其次是绿原酸、多巴胺、L–酪氨酸,再次是焦性没食子酸、原儿茶酸、香草酸、儿茶酚、表儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸、丁香酸、4–甲基儿茶酚、对香豆酸。     

高效液相色谱法测定苹果果皮的类胡萝卜素

用高效液相色谱法测定苹果果皮多种类胡萝卜素。以丙酮与石油醚提取色素 ,用NovapakC18(4 .6mm×15 0mm)色谱柱 ,乙腈∶甲醇∶二氯甲烷 (70∶2 0∶10 )流动相 ,在 45 0nm下检测类胡萝卜素。结果表明 ,玉米黄质、叶黄素、番茄红素与 β 胡萝卜素的回收率分别是94.2 7%～ 99.82 %、84.5 6 %～ 89.41%、87.5 3～ 93.5 4%与 88.0 8%～93 .2 4%。其中富士果仅检测到玉米黄质 (5 .9× 10 -3 μg/mm2 )与 β 胡萝卜素 (5 .4× 10 -3 μg/mm2 ) ;蛇果 (红星 )只有玉米黄质 (9.1× 10 -3 μg/mm2 )。