不同稀释液及稀释比例对关中奶山羊精液低温保存效果的影响

[目的]试验通过比较精子活率和精子的有效存活时间,探讨在4℃环境下不同稀释液对关中奶山羊精子保存效果的影响,并使用保存效果最好的稀释液进一步研究关中奶山羊精液最佳稀释比例.[方法]试验共设计6种精液稀释液配方,对精液进行1:4稀释,每间隔6h检测精子活率并记录精子有效存活时间,筛选出最佳稀释液配方;使用筛选出的稀释液配...     

杜泊羊细管冻精不同稀释液效果的比较

采用4种不同冷冻稀释液制作杜泊羊细管冻精,解冻后精子活力以Tris、柠檬酸、糖类、甘油和卵黄稀释液最高,达到0.408,与其他3种稀释液相比差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),柠檬酸钠、糖类稀释液为0.358;乙二醇稀释液解冻后精子活力最低,只有0.218,与其他3种稀释液相比差异极显著(P<0.01),即乙二醇的抗冷冻效果不如甘油。Tris、甘油、脱脂奶粉稀释液解冻后活力为0.337,即脱脂奶粉抗冻效果不及卵黄。     

不同采精阶段对后备北极公狐的射精量、精子活力及密度的影响

采用后备北极公狐在配种期内用６个阶段的采精频率检测公狐精液的采出率、射精量、精子活力和密度。精液采出率以３月下旬和４月上旬最高,极显著地高于３月上旬（Ｐ＜００１）;射精量以３月下旬和４月上旬最高,３月上、中旬最低（Ｐ＜００５）;精子活力以４月上旬最高,极显著地高于４月下旬（Ｐ＜００１）,但４月上旬与其他阶段差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）;精子密度以３月中旬和４月中旬最大,３月下旬最低,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明,不同的采精阶段对后备公狐的射精量、精子活力和密度均有一定的影响,尤其对后备公狐发情开始和接近结束阶段的影响更大。     

Assessment of Suitable Porcine Semen for Freezing,According to the Ejaculate Characteristics in the Iberico × Landrace Breed

A total of 35 ejaculates were studied in order to assess the suitability of porcine semen for freezing according to the ejaculate characteristics. The effects of the freezing procedure were identified; a decrease in motility and acrosome quality was found after thawing. The best results on motility were linked to the ejaculates with a volume of less than 100 ml of the sperm‐rich fraction, a concentration lower than 450 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml and an agglutination score below 2. However, the best normal apical ridge (NAR) was found when the volume of the sperm‐rich fraction was greater than 150 ml. For this reason, an intermediate volume of the sperm‐rich fraction of the ejaculate for the best motility and the best NAR, a concentration lower than 450 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml and a rate of agglutination below 2 should provide the best quality after freezing. This study also attempted to determine whether a positive effect of ejaculate selection on the overall freezing performance might be expected.     

Semen Collection, Examination and Spermiogram in Ostriches

The level of fertility in the male ostrich exerts considerable influence on the efficiency of the fertilization procedure, and thus also on reproductive performance. The determination of the reproductive capacity is of particular interest with regard to the selection of single individuals for optimizing reproduction ratios. Although the breeding and raising of ostriches has become increasingly important in many countries, little research has been completed on reproductive parameters and factors that may possibly influence them. This study presents observations made concerning the quantity and quality of sperm as found in the spermatological testing of 411 ejaculate samples taken from male ostriches on two farms in Namibia. The semen volume varied between 0.1 and 1.5 ml (mean, 0.64 ml). Normal ejaculate colours ranged from white to ivory; the consistency ranged from thin creamy to viscous. The measured pH values lay between 6.4 and 8.0 (mean, 7.3). Microscopic investigations revealed sperm concentrations of 8.9–78.1 million/μl and individual sperm motility from 42 to 96% (mean, 78%). No mass motility was detectable in 42% of the ejaculates; weak mass motility was found in 46%, and clear mass movements were to be found in only 12% of samples. Regarding the morphology of the sperm, 5 to 26% were abnormal (mean, 17%) and 4 to 28% (mean, 20%) were dead. Seasonal patterns of sperm concentration and the influence of frequency of semen collection were investigated in a group of 56 healthy male ostriches. Peak sperm concentrations were found at the beginning of the breeding season in spring; the lowest values were found at the end of the breeding season in autumn. The highest quality ejaculate was obtained from those males whose semen was collected once a week. The results of this study provide fundamental data for the establishment of minimum quality requirements for ostrich sperm to be met by individuals receiving certification as breeding animals and for the selection of suitable males for use in artificial insemination.     

黑猩猩人工采精与精液品质的研究

能否采到高品质的精液是人工授精成败的关键因素,本研究在黑猩猩上做了大胆的探索.采用电刺激采精,多次采集到高活力的黑猩猩精液,找到了合适的稀释液,并对精液品质进行了测定.     

奶牛冷冻精液的选购、保存和使用

奶牛冷冻精液的质量受诸多因素影响,如公牛品质、饲养管理、环境气候、冻精生产技术(包括精液的稀释、冷冻、分装、保存)等。这些因素主要由奶牛冻精生产单位来控制。因此,奶牛场(养殖户)要想充分发挥人工授精技术在奶牛生产上的作用,提高经济效益,应科学选购,并合理运输、保管     

不同稀释液及绵羊品种对冷冻精液保存效果的影响

本文利用计算机精子辅助分析仪和姬姆萨染色方法评价无卵黄稀释液OPTIXcell和有卵黄稀释液Optidyl冷冻保存湖羊、白头杜泊、黑头杜泊和澳洲白绵羊精液的效果。选用湖羊、白头杜泊、黑头杜泊和澳洲白绵羊的种公羊各5只,通过假阴道方法采集精液,合格精液分别用OPTIXcell和Optidyl稀释液稀释并冷冻。结果表明:Optidyl冷冻保存白头杜泊羊和澳洲白绵羊精液的精子在活精子比例(MR)、直线速度(VSL)、平均路径速度(VAP)、曲线轨迹的直线性(LIN)、空间平均路径的直线性(STR)和尾部鞭打频率(BCF)上优于OPTIXcell,同样的,湖羊在MR、曲线速度(VCL)、精子头侧摆幅度(ALH)、VSL和VAP上高于OPTIXcell无卵黄稀释液,而黑头杜泊羊使用OPTIXcell在MR、VSL、VCL、ALH和BCF的平均值上效果更好。无论哪个品种使用Optidyl有卵黄稀释液,其绵羊精子畸形率的比例都低于使用OPTIXcell无卵黄稀释液。综上,冷冻保存湖羊、白头杜泊羊、澳洲白绵羊精液适合采用Optidyl,而黑头杜泊羊精液适合采用OPTIXcell。     

不同稀释液中添加十二烷基硫酸钠对吐鲁番黑羊精液冷冻保存的影响

为改善吐鲁番黑羊精液的冷冻保存效果,提高精液冻后的精子活率,本实验在3种精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度(0、1%、2%)的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),TrⅠs-葡萄糖-柠檬酸钠为Ⅰ液,蔗糖-葡糖糖-柠檬酸钠为Ⅱ液,OptⅠdyl稀释液做对照为Ⅲ液。熏蒸冷冻后解冻,用精子分析系统(CASA)和流式细胞仪检测冷冻效果。结果表明:Ⅰ液1%SDS组精子活率最高(65.4%),与Ⅰ液2%SDS组精子活率没有差异,高于其他7组(P<0.05);Ⅲ液1%SDS组畸形率(9.4%)低于Ⅱ液0%SDS组、Ⅱ液2%SDS组和Ⅲ液2%SDS组(P<0.05);Ⅰ液1%SDS组直线运动速率(51.4μm/s)高于Ⅰ液0%SDS组、Ⅱ液2%SDS组和Ⅲ液0%SDS组(P<0.05);Ⅰ液1%SDS组和Ⅲ液1%SDS组的质膜完整率高于Ⅰ液2%SDS组和Ⅱ液1%SDS组(P<0.05),且Ⅰ液1%SDS组最高;Ⅰ液1%SDS组的顶体完整活精子比率高于Ⅱ液1%SDS组(P<0.05),各组的活精子顶体完整率无显著差异;Ⅰ液1%SDS组高线粒体膜电位比率(43.0%)高于Ⅱ液1%SDS组(P<0.05)。因此,采用添加1%SDS的Tris-葡萄糖-柠檬酸钠稀释液配方显著提高了吐鲁番黑羊精液冷冻保存效果。     

稀释液中添加谷氨酰胺对绒山羊冷冻精液品质的影响

在绒山羊冷冻精液稀释液中分别添加0mmol/L、2.5mmol/L、5.0mmol/L、7.5mmol/L和10.0mmol/L五个梯度的谷氨酰胺,以确定冷冻效果最好的谷氨酰胺添加浓度,优化绒山羊冷冻稀释液配方。结果表明:添加5.0mmol/L谷氨酰胺组精子的活率、顶体完整率和生存指数均极显著或显著地高于其他试验组(P0.01,P0.05),而畸形率极显著或显著低于其他试验组(P0.01,P0.05);在脂质过氧化反应和抗氧化酶活性方面,添加5.0 mmol/L组MDA浓度极显著低于其他试验组(P0.01),而CAT活性极显著高于其他试验组(P0.01)。总之,在稀释液中添加5.0mmol/L谷氨酰胺,在冷冻—解冻过程中能起到很好的保护精子的作用。     

不同品种、月份、月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

为研究不同品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔等因素对加系公猪精液品质的影响,以及品种、初次采精周龄对精液质量稳定性的影响,本研究以江西某种公猪站79头加系大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪种公猪为试验群体,收集2018年12月至2020年12月3 921条精液采集与精液质量数据,通过混合线性模型与方差分析探究各因素对精液量、精液密度、精子活力、总精子数及其稳定性的影响。结果显示,从不同品种对精液质量的影响来看,长白猪精液量和总精子数均高于大白猪、杜洛克猪,但杜洛克猪精液密度高于长白猪、大白猪,杜洛克猪精子活力最低;从不同月份来看,1~3月采精精液密度最高,4~6月采精精子活力最高,10~12月采精精液量和总精子数最高,精液量呈现秋冬多、春夏少的季节变化规律。公猪不同月龄采精,精液质量指标也存在差异,月龄越小精液量越低,但精液密度偏高,精子活力相对较好,在19~24月龄黄金期总精子数最高。不同采精间隔对精液质量有较大影响,采精间隔越长,精液量、精液密度、精子活力和总精子数相对较好,采精间隔为5 d时综合性能最佳,但过长的采精间隔导致精子活力降低。品种影响总精子数稳定性,长白猪、大白猪总精子数稳定性显著优于杜洛克猪（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液质量,关注这些因素有助于公猪站制定更完善的生产计划,提高公猪利用率。     

品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P<0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P<0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P<0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P<0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P<0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1～3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬...     

Use of Glutamine and Low Density Lipoproteins Isolated from Egg Yolk to Improve Buck Semen Freezing

To improve the results obtained with a reference cryopreservation extender (control extender: Triladyl® + 20% (v/v) egg yolk + 6.4% (v/v) glycerol) for freezing caprine semen, glutamine was added to 18 split ejaculates at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 120 m m (experiment 1). In experiment 2, glutamine was added to 18 split ejaculates at concentrations of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 m m . In the third experiment, the egg yolk was replaced with the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction of egg yolk. The quality of frozen then thawed spermatozoa in each extender was compared using computer-assisted semen analysis. In experiment 1, glutamine at concentrations of 20 m m and 40 m m significantly improved sperm motility compared with the control extender. However, at 120 m m , a significant decrease in motility and velocity was observed. In experiment 2, motility, curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were improved in glutamine at 25 m m compared with the control. In experiment 3, 8% LDL and 25 m m glutamine significantly improved sperm motility, straight line velocity and ALH. In the fourth experiment, the quality of the previously defined freezing extender (Triladyl® + 8% (v/v) LDL + 25 m m glutamine + 6.4% (v/v) glycerol) was tested by comparing acrosome, tail membrane, plasma membrane and DNA integrity in 18 split ejaculates of frozen then thawed spermatozoa with spermatozoa that had been frozen then thawed in the control extender, and with spermatozoa from fresh, unfrozen sperm. The percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes and tail membranes was significantly higher with the newly defined extender than that observed with the control extender. There was no significant difference in the percentage of spermatozoa with intact DNA between the frozen and fresh semen.     

鸡精液稀释配方对低温保存精子活力和输精效果的影响

为了完善中国南方地区鸡场公鸡精液的保存技术、提高精液的利用率,本试验研究了在低温（4 ℃）保存的条件下,不同的保存时间（0、4、8、24 h）、不同的稀释液配方（原精液、配方Ⅰ和配方Ⅱ）对精液的精子活力变化以及人工输精繁殖效果的影响。选用33周龄黄鸡母鸡192只、公鸡42只,192只母鸡依笼号分为12组（3种处理精液×4个保存时间）,每组16只母鸡,公鸡不分组。统一采精后用两种不同稀释液稀释、低温（4 ℃）保存至0、4、8、24 h后观察精子活力,并对母鸡输精,分组收集鸡蛋,对各组受精率、出雏率、健雏率进行比较分析,以原精液低温保存作为对照。结果显示,两种稀释液组的精子低温（4 ℃）保存4、8、24 h,其精子活力极显著高于原精液组（P<0.01）,配方Ⅱ组精子的活力高于配方Ⅰ组（P>0.05）;两种配方稀释液组的精液低温（4 ℃）保存4 h,输精受精率高于原精液组（P<0.05）;两种配方稀释液组的精液在低温（4 ℃）保存8 h,输精受精率极显著高于原精液组（P<0.01）。表明这两种精液稀释液更有利于精液保存,经稀释后的精液可以显著提高受精率,可为中国南方鸡场种公鸡精液保存技术的完善提供有力的数据支撑。     

公鸡不间断配种的同雌异雄轮配法中种蛋收集间隔的探讨

家禽育种中,往往采用相同母禽和不同的公禽配种,即采用同雌异雄轮配法,以比较公禽的优劣或获取更多的公禽家系。在同雌异雄轮配法实践中,通常的做法是在第一批公鸡配种获取足够的种蛋后,母鸡停止输精约3周,再用第二批不同的公鸡与该批母鸡配种,并且摒弃前3天的种蛋,以避免第一批公鸡精液的影响。如此一来,第二批公鸡的后代与第一批公鸡的后代间隔为3周半,间隔时间较长。本研究以鸡胫色作为雏鸡的外貌遗传标记,研究在第二批公鸡不间断配种的情况下,不同的种蛋收集时间及其后代的归属,探讨缩短同雌异雄轮配法的雏鸡批次间隔。     

Alternative Protocol Using Imipramine,Detomidine, and Oxytocin for Semen Collection in Stallion with Ejaculatory Dysfunction

A 7-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was admitted at the hospital with a history of ejaculatory failure for 12 months. The stallion revealed no physical or psychological abnormalities, as well as, normal libido and erection. In addition, there were no abnormalities in accessory sex glands or the aorta artery detected by transrectal ultrasonography. Based on clinical findings, the stallion was diagnosed with an idiopathic ejaculatory dysfunction; therefore, alternative attempts of semen collection were performed. Thermal compress on the basis of the stallion’s penis, semen collection on the ground, and imipramine hydrochloride treatment were performed unsuccessfully. However, a protocol consisted by the association of imipramine (3 mg/kg/v.o.), detomidine (0.02 mg/kg/i.v.), and oxytocin (20 U.I./i.v.) successfully produced ejaculation in this stallion. The semen obtained from ex copula ejaculation of the stallion was collected using a collector cup lined with a plastic bag, which was positioned over the prepuce of the stallion. Semen with good sperm quality (87% of total motility) was obtained using the proposed protocol. Semen was then processed for cryopreservation and post-thawed semen samples presented satisfactory sperm parameters. In conclusion, the association of imipramine, detomidine, and oxytocin can be considered for ex copula semen collection in stallions.     

A Comparison of the Ability of Three Commercially Available Diluents to Maintain the Motility of Cold Stored Stallion Semen

The objective of this study was to compare the ability of three commercially available extenders to promote poststorage motility of stallion spermatozoa stored at 5°C with and without centrifugation to remove the seminal plasma. Diluents tested included skim milk glucose (SKMG), INRA 96, and VMD-Z. All diluents were tested with (-SP) and without (+SP) centrifugation to remove most of the seminal plasma. In experiment I, after 48 and 72 hours of storage, total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility values were higher (P ≤.05) for those aliquots subjected to the INRA 96-SP as compared with either SKMG treatment. After 72 hours of storage, PM of spermatozoa stored in VMD-Z-SP was superior to that of spermatozoa stored in SKMG regardless of the presence of seminal plasma (P ≤.05). In the second experiment, after 48 hours of storage, PM of spermatozoa subjected to the INRA 96-SP and VMD-Z-SP treatments were superior (P ≤.05) to those for all treatments that had been stored without removal of seminal plasma. Removal of the seminal plasma and resuspension of the sperm pellet with either INRA 96 or VMD-Z resulted in TM after 48 hours of storage that were similar to those obtained after 24 hours of storage.