三苯基锡对SD大鼠肾上腺组织结构的影响

[目的]研究环境水平三苯基锡（triphenyltin,TPT）对哺乳动物肾上腺的毒性作用。[方法]将40只青春期SD大鼠随机分为3个不同剂量的试验组[0.5、5、50μg/（kg·BW）]和1个对照组[0μg/（kg·BW）]。每3 d灌胃1次,暴露54 d后,用10%水合氯醛麻醉并处死大鼠,采用石蜡切片和HE染色的方法观察SD大鼠肾上腺组织学变化特点。[结果]对照组SD大鼠肾上腺组织结构正常,皮质部球状带、束状带、网状带内细胞结构正常,胞核明显;髓质部细胞呈多边形或圆形,排列不规则,索间有血窦。与对照组相比,低剂量组肾上腺皮质和髓质内细胞的结构均无明显变化。中剂量组肾上腺球状带稍变薄,束状带和髓质细胞的胞核固缩、胞质溶解,间质组织轻微出血。高剂量组球状带细胞显著减少,与束状带界限不清,束状带细胞和髓质部细胞胞核固缩,胞质溶解现象加重,呈现细胞空泡化现象,间质组织增厚且出血现象明显。[结论]证实了一定剂量的TPT对SD大鼠肾上腺组织结构具有一定损伤作用,且呈剂量依赖性,该结果为研究TPT对哺乳动物内分泌的影响提供了形态学资料。     

不同季节蛋种鸡产蛋性能的测定分析

以海兰褐蛋种鸡为观察对象,从122日龄开始到429日龄结束,收集7 520只蛋种鸡1个产蛋年（2014年1月—12月）的产蛋资料,分析得出每月的产蛋率、破蛋率等相关数据,对12个月的数据进行统计分析。结果表明,产蛋率以春季最高,秋季最低;种蛋合格率冬季最高,秋季最低;料蛋比以冬季最高,春季最低;破蛋率以夏秋两季最高,冬季最低;死淘率以秋季最高,冬季最低。     

宁夏荒漠草原植物多样性对地面节肢动物功能群多样性的影响

本研究以宁夏荒漠草原为研究对象,于2012年春、夏、秋3个季节,通过调查地面节肢动物功能群组成及其多样性分布特征,结合植物多样性分布,分析了地面节肢动物功能群多样性与植物多样性之间的关系。结果显示：植食性动物个体数、类群数和Shannon指数表现为春季高于夏季,秋季居中;捕食性动物个体数和类群数表现为秋季显著高于春季和夏季,而Shannon指数表现为秋季高于夏季,春季居中;杂食性动物个体数和类群数表现为春季显著高于夏季和秋季,而Shannon指数表现为秋季高于春季和夏季;植食性、杂食性动物个体数与植物个体数间,捕食性动物类群数与植物物种数间,植食性、捕食性动物生物量与植物生物量间均呈线性正相关,而植食性动物类群数与植物物种数间、植食性动物Shannon指数与植物Shannon指数间均呈线性负相关。研究表明：宁夏荒漠草原地面节肢动物功能群多样性受季节变化影响深刻,且功能群多样性与植物多样性间呈现出复杂的线性关系。     

内蒙古巴彦淖尔市绵羊粗饲料GI值测定

为了对内蒙古巴彦淖尔市绵羊常用粗饲料营养价值和粗饲料质量等级进行科学评价,采用我国反刍动物营养学家卢德勋提出的粗饲料分级指数（GI值）评定指数,对该地区的粗饲料营养成分进行了分析,并对饲草质量进行了评价。结果表明,巴彦淖尔市绵羊粗饲料GI值分级结果为：禾本科牧草中,披碱草3级、燕麦3级、赖草4级、无芒隐子草4级、狗尾草4级、高丹草4级、黑麦草4级、湖南稷子5级、甜高粱5级、戈壁针茅4级、稗草5级、冰草5级、画眉草5级、羊草5级、大麦5级、谷草5级;秸秆饲料中,葵花秸秆5级、葵花盘2级、高粱秆5级、玉米秸秆5级、麦秸5级、玉米芯5级;青贮饲料中,玉米全株青贮5级、葵花秸玉米秸混合青贮5级、番茄渣麦秸混合青贮4级。     

灌溉对白三叶种子生产的影响

冬春季灌溉可促进白三叶的营养生长和生殖生长,并在盛花期保有较高的土壤含水量,满足白三叶开花授粉对水分的需求,提高种子产量。在各试验处理中,盛花期冬春灌处理白三叶盖度90.50%,冠层高度13.50cm,地上干物质产量1269.09g/m^2,地下干物质产量507.64g/m^2,单位面积枝条数3012枝/m^2,枝条花序数3.29个/枝,花序小花数96.25个/花序,种子产量578.10kg/hm^2,高于其他处理,但与春灌处理差异不显著,与冬灌及对照处理间除单位面积枝条数及每枝条花序数差异不显著,其余各项均极显著（P〈0.01）。     

猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测方法的比较

试验采用口蹄疫O型间接血凝试验和O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断ELISA 2种试验方法检测了60份血清中猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体.研究结果显示,60份被检血清口蹄疫O型间接血凝试验检测合格率为93.3％,O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断ELISA试验检测的合格率为73.3％,口蹄疫O型间接血凝试验检测合格率明显高于O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断ELISA试验检测的合格率（相差20个百分点）;2种方法的总符合率为66.7％、＜25（＜2^6）的符合率为28.6％,≥2^5（≥2^6）的符合率为82.1％.2种方法检测出的整体免疫效果较好,平均合格率远高于农业部规定的70％.     

Morphologic study of repair of induced osteochondral defects of the distal portion of the radial carpal bone in horses by use of glued periosteal autografts [corrected

The use of periosteal autografts to resurface osteochondral defects was investigated in 10 horses (2 to 3 years old), and the repair tissue was characterized morphologically. Middle carpal joint arthrotomies were made, and osteochondral defects were induced bilaterally on the distal articular surface of each radial carpal bone. Each defect measured approximately 1 cm2 and extended 3 mm into the subchondral bone plate. Residual subchondral bone plate of control and principal defects was perforated by drilling. A sterile fibrin adhesive was made by mixing a fibrinogen component and a thrombin component. A periosteal autograft was harvested from the proximal portion of the tibia and was glued onto the recipient osseous surface, with its cambium facing the joint cavity. Control defects were glued, but not grafted. Horses were walked 1 hour daily on a walker, starting at postoperative week 7 and continuing for 9 weeks. Sixteen weeks after the grafting procedure was done, carpal radiography was performed, after which horses were euthanatized. Quality of repair tissue of control and grafted defects was evaluated and compared grossly, histologically, and histochemically. Using a reticule, the proportions of various repair tissue types filling each defect were quantitated. Seven weeks after the grafting procedure was done, bilateral arthroscopy revealed synovial adhesions and marginal pannus formation in control and grafted defects. None of the autografts was found floating unattached within the respective middle carpal joints. At 16 weeks, the gross appearance of most grafted and nongrafted defects was similar, and repair was dominated by a fibrous pannus. In 4 grafted defects, bone had formed either concentrically within the defect or eccentrically in the fibrous adhesions between the defect and the joint margin. Histologically, all grafted and nongrafted defects were repaired similarly by infiltration of a mixture of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage, and bone. Fibrous tissue was the predominant tissue in most defects and its mean proportion was 56 and 59% in the grafted and nongrafted defects, respectively. Fibrocartilaginous tissue in the deeper layers approximated 20%, and woven bone at the base of the defect was 20% in all defects. Histochemically, difference in staining for proteoglycans was not observed between grafted and nongrafted defects. Little remaining original periosteal graft tissue was evident at the defect sites. The only distinguishing feature of grafted defects was the presence of islands of bone formation either at the defect site (n = 2 horses), or in somewhat dorsally displaced tissue that was incorporated in fibrous adhesions (n = 2 horses).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

反刍动物采食量测定方法的研究进展

在单位时间内反刍动物实际采食的饲草(料)数量称为反刍动物的采食量。据研究发现,反刍动物的采食过程是一个动态的过程,是由生物和非生物因素共同、相互的影响过程。准确地计算和测定反刍动物的采食量,是制定反刍动物的良好的营养方案的基础;是确定其补饲的重要依据。研究反刍动物的采食量对整个畜牧产业有重要的作用。本文对反刍动物在自由进食状态下的采食量的影响因素进行了阐述,并对其采食量的测定方法进行了深入的探讨和研究。     

病虫粪便在蝗虫微孢子虫病水平传播中的作用研究

本文采用室外采集与室内接种饲养相结合的方法，研究草原蝗虫取食孢子的数量与其粪便中孢子的含量之间的关系。结果表明，以１０７个／ｍｌ接种时，接种３０天后粪便中孢子的含量达 ９．０ ×１０５个／ｇ，以１０６个／ｍｌ接种二次后，在接种后１２天，其粪便中抱子的含量即可达 １．３×１０５个／ｇ；取食的孢子的数量越多，粪便中孢子的含量也越高，出现得越早，为研究微孢子虫病在田间的水平流行途径及其持续治蝗机理提供了科学依据。     

在放牧干扰下冷蒿种群脯氨酸含量的变化

对放牧干扰下土壤含水量、冷蒿体内含水量、脯氨酸含量变化进行的研究结果表明随着放牧强度的增加土壤含水量降低,冷蒿叶片、根中含水量呈下降趋势。在生长初期,随着放牧强度的增加冷蒿叶片内脯氨酸含量迅速积累;生长盛期脯氨酸含量虽随牧压有所增加,但增加的幅度较小;生长末期脯氨酸含量较高,而且随着牧压的增加略有下降。地下部分,脯氨酸含量在牧压梯度间变化较小。相关分析表明,在生长初期和盛期,冷蒿叶片、根的含水量与土壤含水量呈正相关,生长末期不相关。冷蒿脯氨酸含量与植物的含水量呈负相关,在生长初期和末期呈显著负相关,而生长盛期相关不显著;与此不同,在生长初期冷蒿体内脯氨酸含量与土壤含水量呈负相关,在生长末期二者负相关性不显著,这说明随着放牧干扰强度的增加土壤含水量降低,导致冷蒿体内水分胁迫增加,致使脯氨酸开始逐渐积累。而生长末期的降温和群落中植物种间竞争减少,使脯氨酸的积累速度也相应放慢。在放牧干扰下,脯氨酸大量积累,对冷蒿的生存和生长起到了重要的作用,是冷蒿种群耐啃食、耐践踏、逐渐取代禾本科植物而成为退化草原的优势植物的生理基础之一。     

5个苏丹草品种酯酶同工酶比较研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对我国审定登记的5个苏丹草Sorghum sudanense品种进行了幼苗叶片和根酯酶同工酶研究.结果表明,5个品种幼苗叶片酯酶同工酶谱带较少,介于28～46条,宁农与乌拉特1号苏丹草谱带特征较相似,在Rf为0.84处酶带呈红褐色,而在该位点其他2个品种酶带呈棕色,奇台苏丹草该位点酶带缺失;新苏2号与盐池苏丹草无论谱带数量还是谱带颜色均很相似,很难区分;根酯酶同工酶谱带较多,介于35～49条,谱带特征为宁农、乌拉特1号一类,在Rf为0.84处酶带呈红褐色;新苏2号与盐池一类,在Rf为0.84处酶带棕褐色;而奇台苏丹草在Rf为0.84位点红褐色谱带消失呈特异性.利用酯酶同工酶电泳图谱能够快速而有效地区分5个苏丹草品种,为苏丹草种质资源保护和利用提供快速的鉴别方法.     

祁连县高原型藏羊人工采精试验

为了将人工授精技术应用于藏羊选育,2009年8月～9月在祁连县藏羊选育中心进行了藏羊人工采精试验。经过30d调教训练后从藏羊种公羊采精获得成功,采精量0.4～1.2mL,密度中等以上,平均活力0.46以上。试验证明藏羊种公羊经过调教训练完全可以人工采精,并用于人工授精。     

多种药物治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效比较试验

对患有卡他性和脓性子宫内膜炎的病牛采用多种药物进行治疗,对治疗效果进行比较分析。结果表明:治疗卡他性子宫内膜炎时,乳宫安的治愈率为80%,金乳康的治愈率为93%,洁尔阴的治愈率为87%,青链霉素的治愈率为73%。在治疗脓性子宫内膜炎的试验中,乳宫安的治愈率为75%,金乳康的治愈率为88%,洁尔阴的治愈率为75%,青链霉素的治愈率为67%。乳宫安、金乳康和洁尔阴的总受胎率均为100%,而青链霉素的总受胎率为75%。露它净和宫得康配合应用,对卡他性子宫内膜炎的治愈率达100%,对脓性子宫内膜炎的治愈率达90%,并且对愈后奶牛的一次输精受胎率达100%。     

徐淮山羊H-FABP基因克隆、表达产物亚细胞定位的研究及转基因小鼠的制备

旨在克隆徐淮山羊心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因的cDNA,探讨其生物信息学功能。通过EGFP融合蛋白对该基因亚细胞水平的表达定位,探究该基因在异种生物体内表达情况,探索制备异种转基因动物的可能性。采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法克隆徐淮山羊H-FABP基因cDNA,进行生物信息学分析,构建其融合表达载体pEGFP-H-FABP。脂质体(LTX)介导基因转染山羊成纤维细胞(GEF),48h后进行荧光检测,RT-PCR检测mRNA在细胞内的表达。利用睾丸注射将目的基因转入小鼠体内,在DNA和蛋白水平上检测目的基因的表达情况。结果,徐淮山羊H-FABP基因完整编码区(CDS)大小为402bp,编码133个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为AY466498.1。徐淮山羊H-FABP序列与人、鸡、褐家鼠、奶牛、野猪、驴及斑马鱼相应编码区同源性为89%、76%、85%、84%、93%、91%、70%,氨基酸序列同源性为90%、79%、88%、97%、95%、94%、72%。成功构建融合表达载体pEGFP-H-FABP,目的基因在mRNA水平上成功表达。目的蛋白定位于细胞质中,与在线预测结果相同(无信号肽,定位于细胞质中)。通过尾静脉注射和睾丸注射,该基因可以在小鼠体内实现暂态表达和持续性表达。本研究成功克隆了徐淮山羊H-FABP基因cDNA,而且H-FABP基因在进化过程中是保守的。该蛋白无信号肽,在单细胞水平上可表达于细胞质中,在小鼠体内也可以成功表达。     

Placement of bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus

A mature Thoroughbred gelding that was used as a high level jumper presented for evaluation of a nonweightbearing forelimb lameness following a fall. Radiographs revealed a complete, noncomminuted, minimally displaced sagittal fracture of the greater tubercle. Supporting limb laminitis was a major concern in the short term based on the severe lameness at presentation. Open reduction with internal fixation was chosen over stall rest in an attempt to more rapidly return the weightbearing function to the limb. The procedure was performed standing and 3 bone screws were placed standing in an attempt to avoid implant or catastrophic bone failure that can accompany recovery from general anaesthesia. The day following surgery the lameness was significantly improved as the horse was able to bear some weight on the heel. The gelding was discharged 5 days following surgery and was fully weightbearing at the walk. Six months following surgery the horse was free of lameness and resumed training. This report describes our experience and rationale in placing bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a greater tubercle fracture.     

西藏马鹿亚种头骨的形态学观察

通过大体解剖学和动物学头骨测定的方法对马鹿头骨进行观察,并与牛、羊、马、鬣羚相比较。雄性马鹿头骨呈狭长的角锥性,额骨上有角突,角突长而分叉；鼻骨较短前窄后宽,前端呈水平状,边缘呈锯齿状,这与马、鬣羚鼻骨不相似；上颌骨接近颌前骨部位有一个犬齿齿槽,齿槽部位有6个臼齿齿槽,下颌骨有6.5个,因此上颌骨臼齿齿列比下颌骨臼齿齿列短；颧骨的前下方、鼻骨的侧面、泪骨的前上方及上颌骨的后上方,形成一个等边三角形缝隙；缝隙与鼻腔之间由一形状不规则的薄骨片隔开,这与牛、羊、马、鬣羚都不相似。     

pH值对盐酸小檗碱烷基化衍生物表观油水分配系数的影响

目的：探讨pH值和结构修饰对盐酸小檗碱及其烷基化衍生物表观油水分配系数（P）的影响。方法：建立紫外分光光度法测定盐酸小檗碱及其烷基化衍生物含量的检测方法,并采用摇瓶法测定盐酸小檗碱及其烷基化衍生物在正辛醇-缓冲液体系中的表观油水分配系数。结果：pH值在2.0-8.0时,小檗碱lgP值均小于0,且其在水中的lgP值最小。小檗碱衍生物lgP值均大于0,但变化不大;随着修饰碳链的延伸,其油水分配系数逐渐增大,8-十六烷基小檗碱lgP值在不同pH值条件下均大于1,推测其在胃肠道的吸收优于小檗碱。结论：37℃下,pH值对盐酸小檗及其碱衍生物的表观油水分配系数影响不大,但与其结构改造中引入基团的极性呈正相关。     

己烯雌酚对胎鼠睾丸发育的影响研究

为了研究己烯雌酚(DES)对胎鼠睾丸发育的影响,将雌鼠随机分为对照组和试验1、2、3组,每组10只。3个试验组母鼠从怀孕第10~18天分别每天连续皮下注射DES 2、4和8μg只/,对照组则注射同等剂量的生理盐水,于最后一次注射后2 h取出胎鼠睾丸。常规石蜡切片,HE染色镜检,并应用免疫组织化学方法检测雄性胎鼠睾丸中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况。结果显示:2μg组睾丸发育情况接近对照组,无明显病理变化;4μg组仅见生殖母细胞和间质细胞数量减少;8μg组可见生殖母细胞核仁不明显,支持细胞数量减少,间质细胞溶解;随着用药剂量的增加,睾丸中PCNA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明DES会抑制胚胎期睾丸细胞的增殖,从而影响睾丸的发育,破坏睾丸的组织结构。     

几个青贮玉米品种在云南宣威的适应性研究

通过在云南省宣威市对夏播的16个青贮玉米（Zeamags）进行品种筛选试验，并对其生育期、适应性、生物产量和植株营养成分进行分析，最后筛选出适宜宣威夏播的青贮玉米品种有：云优78，鲜草产量可达到2092．69kg／667m^2，干物质产量可达到511．34kg／667m^2，粗蛋白含量为8．69％，粗脂肪含量为1．55％，粗纤维含量为23．90％，粗灰分含量为5.30％，无氮浸出物含量为55．86％；云优21，鲜草产量可达到1855．93kg／667m^2，干物质产量可达到494．64kg／667m^2，粗蛋白含量为9．84％，粗脂肪含量为1．62％，粗纤维含量为24．80％，粗灰分含量为5．20％，无氮浸出物含量为53．14％。     

Immunohistochemical Expression of Growth Factors in the Follicular Wall of Normal and Cystic Ovaries of Sows

The expression of growth factors was evaluated immunohistochemically in normal and cystic ovaries of sows. The immunohistochemically stained area (IHCSA) was quantified by image analysis to analyse the expression of these proteins in the follicular wall of secondary, tertiary and cystic follicles. IGF‐I immunoreactivity was strong in the granulosa cell layer (GC), moderate in the theca interna (TI) and mild in the theca externa (TE) of the normal follicles. There was severe reduction of the labelling to IGF‐I in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts. In the normal follicles, the reactivity for IGF‐II was very similar to pattern noted in IGF‐I. There was reduction of the IHCSAs in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts, but the decrease was not significant. The staining of the IGF‐II in the TI and TE of the cysts was increased, in comparison with normal follicles. The IHCSAs for VEGF were higher in the GC and TE of the normal follicles in contrast to TI, but this difference was noted only in the tertiary follicle. The VEGF reactivity increased in the GC of the cysts, in relation to normal follicles. The results of the current study show that the formation of ovarian cysts in sows is associated with alterations in the immunohistochemical expression of some growth factors.