洛河鲤鱼种质资源保护区鱼类资源调查分析

为掌握洛河鲤鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区渔业资源情况,于2016年分两次对该保护区的鱼类资源开展调查,共采集到鱼类标本36种,隶属于4目、8科、36种;其中,鲤科鱼类最多,占总种数的66.67%,另外7科仅占33.33%,包括鲿科4种、鳅科3种、鲇科2种、鲇科、胡子鲇科、鮰科、鳢科、合鳃鱼科各1种。     

淡水养殖名特优新品种介绍(二十一)

二十一、泥鳅 泥鳅是一种常见的野生小鱼类,在分类上隶属于鲤形目、鳅科。泥鳅广泛分布于我国辽河以南大部分地区以及越南、朝鲜和日本。我国各淡水水域,如湖泊、池塘、河溪、水沟、稻田等处都有这种鱼。     

吉林卢家林场春季不同生境鸟类多样性研究

2008年4～6月,采用样线法对卢家林场不同生境的鸟类群落结构进行了调查,共记录到63种鸟类,分属11目29科。雀形目鸟类的种数最多,占总数的57.14%。国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类5种,占总数的7.94%。鸟类Shannon-Weiner多样性指数,天然次生林最高,农田最低。天然次生林和人工林之间的相似性指数最高,水域和人工林之间相似性生指数最低。     

白龙江水生生物现状调查及水质评价

通过对白龙江水生生物进行调查,检出浮游动物共30种,其中轮虫22种,占检出比例的73.33%;枝角类和桡足类各4种,各占13.33%;底栖动物2门6目10种。浮游植物6门56种,其中硅藻门46种,为优势种类;浮游植物种类数、密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener指数平均值分别为24种、0.48×10~5ind./L、0.13 mg/L、2.48。藻类多样性指数评价:天水市渭河为中污染,其余断面为轻污染。浮游动物多样性指数评价:迭部、代古寺、两河口、杨塘水质均为轻污染,碧口为清洁。     

渭河甘肃天水段野生鱼类资源调查报告

渭河是黄河水系的一个较大支流,为了解渭河天水段的渔业资源,为保护濒临灭绝的秦岭细鳞鲑的相关研究和保护工作提供基础资料.2012年10月,在天水地区七条主要河流选取采样点,采集样品进行水质监测、浮游生物测定和鱼类调查.结果得出水质为碳酸盐类—钙组—Ⅱ型水;总共检出浮游植物7门41种（属）,其中硅藻门种类最多,达15种（属）;浮游动物18种,其中原生动物种类最多,达9种;底栖生物6种;鱼类共3科7种.     

杭州植物园野生鸟类多样性调查

2009年7月～2010年8月,采用样线法和定点观测法对杭州植物园所辖范围内的野生鸟类进行调查观测,共记录到鸟类9目26科94种,占浙江省鸟类种数的22.71%。其中,国家Ⅱ级保护物种1种。从留居类型看,留鸟49种,夏候鸟16种,冬候鸟24种,旅鸟5种。属古北界的有37种,占39.36%,东洋界54种,占57.45%,两界广布种3种,占3.19%,鸟类组成具有由东洋界向古北界过渡的特征。该区鸟类多样性水平较高,从调查研究的4种生境看,多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener指数）从高到低分别是疏林、灌丛、山林、水域。对比分析发现疏林和山林之间的物种相似性指数最高,水域和疏林之间的相似性指数最低。     

永定河上游流域浮游植物变化及水质状况分析

基于采样数据分析,对永定河上游流域浮游植物进行定性定量研究。结果显示,调查期间研究区共鉴定出浮游植物8门226种(含变种和变型),优势种为硅藻门,占藻类总种数的42.03%。浮游植物丰度和生物量季节变化明显,浮游植物丰度最大值出现在夏季,为26.10×10~6 ind·L~(–1),最小值出现在春季,为13.64×10~6 ind·L~(–1);浮游植物生物量最大值出现在夏季,为53.06 mg·L~(–1),最小值出现在秋季,为11.37 mg·L~(–1)。水质评价结合浮游植物生物评价的结果表明,17个采样点的水质整体处于中污染状态。因此,永定河上游流域需要加大力度治理洋河、清河流域的点源和面源污染,降低水体中的氮含量以及官厅水库水体富营养化程度,保护水库生态系统健康。     

厦门市春夏两季鸟类多样性研究

通过对代表厦门5种不同生境类型的8个样地进行鸟类调查,共记录到鸟类17目49科242种,占全国鸟类总种数的19.5%,占福建省鸟类总种数的44.7%。与全国鸟类组成相比,厦门鸣禽和涉禽的物种多样性相对比较丰富;比较5种代表性的生境鸟类多样性,农田物种多样性最丰富（Shannon-Wiener指数H′=5.549 63）,但是其科属多样性却最低（G-F指数DFG=0.53568）;森林生境中科属多样性最高（G-F指数DFG=0.872282）,特别是科多样性显著高于其他生境（F指数DF=15.8911）。对比分析厦门市春季和夏季物种多样性显示鸟类迁徙前的春季比夏季物种丰富度高。     

紫云县不同程度石漠化区域植物多样性研究

对贵州省紫云县石漠化区域不同程度石漠化区域植物种类组成进行抽样调查,在40个样方内共查得34科、61属、72种植物,其中,禾本科植物占33.33%,是绝对优势种,单属、单种的科占总科数的76.47%;比较不同石漠化阶段的植物种类组成,结果表明:随着石漠化程度加深及石灰岩植被的生境向旱生化和岩生化发展,植物群落结构越来越趋于简单,到极重度石漠化阶段植物的科、属、种数比轻度石漠化阶段依次减少68.18%,69.23%和70.73%;从轻度、中度、重度到极重度石漠化阶段,植物的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数都呈下降趋势,而Simpson多样性指数却呈增加趋势,反映出原本多样化的物种逐渐被适应力更强的少数几个物种替代,并最终随着土壤流失,岩石裸露,只有少数低等植物生存的石漠化全过程。     

甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区蝶类区系组成与多样性

为明确兴隆山自然保护区目前的蝶类组成及多样性状况,选取保护区全部5个林场(麻家寺、官滩沟、兴隆山、马坡和上庄)的8个代表性样线:麻家寺(Ⅰ)、官滩沟(Ⅱ)、兴隆山(Ⅲ)、银山(Ⅳ)、红庄子沟-骆驼岘-马滩(Ⅴ)、秦家湾-徐家峡-分豁岔(Ⅵ)、窑沟-双垄沟(Ⅶ)和马啣山(Ⅷ),进行蝶类调查,共采集蝴蝶标本1 271号,经鉴定隶属7科42属65种。蛱蝶科的种类数(21种)最多,眼蝶科的个体数(729只)最多,是保护区的优势类群,绢蝶科(39只)和凤蝶科(3只)都只有1种,是保护区的稀有物种。初步计算并分析了各样线的蝶类多样性指数、物种丰富度、优势度指数、均匀度指数和生境间相似性系数,结果表明:不同样线其蝴蝶的多样性不同,其中样线Ⅳ多样性指数最高,优势度指数最低;样线Ⅱ的多样性指数和物种丰富度均为最低,优势度指数最高。样线Ⅰ均匀度指数最低,优势度指数仅小于Ⅳ。样线Ⅷ的科数、属数、种数和个数都是最少,均匀度指数则最高。说明生境条件的变化对蝴蝶的多样性产生了影响,因此建议保护植被和环境以保证蝶类乃至其它生物的多样性。区系组成古北种占总数的46.154%,东洋种占3.077%,广布种占总数的50.769%。即保护区的蝴蝶以广布种为主,古北种明显多于东洋种。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -