Spatial and temporal patterns in summer ichthyoplankton assemblages on the eastern Bering Sea shelf 1996–2000

Larval and early juvenile fishes were sampled from the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf during summer from 1996 to 2000. Data from these collections were used to examine spatial and temporal patterns in species assemblage structure and abundance. Cluster analyses based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity coefficients were used to group species and stations according to similar abundance and species composition. Ordination techniques were used to verify groupings, and a non‐parametric stepwise procedure using a Spearman correlation coefficient (BIO‐ENV) was used to relate groupings to predominant environmental variables. These approaches revealed a pattern of station groupings that were generally related to bathymetry in 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2000, although no obvious relationship to geographic boundaries was observed in 1998. Significant differences in species associations were observed in 1997 and 1998, and depressions in abundance were also noted among many species between 1997 and 1999. A regional, full primitive equation model was used to simulate float trajectories on the EBS shelf in each year to better relate fish distributional observations to prevailing current patterns. Model results indicated general variations in flow in several years, although 1998 stood out with stronger northeast flow than in any of the other years examined. Observed disruptions of larval and early juvenile fish assemblages could be related to the strong El‐Niño event of 1997–98 in the EBS. If this idea is confirmed, our study suggests that larval and juvenile fish are sensitive and respond relatively quickly (1–2 yr) to environmental perturbations, and as such, may be timely indicators of environmental change.     

黄海南部、东海北部夏秋季小黄鱼数量分布及与浮游动物的关系

对夏秋季黄海南部、东海北部海域的小黄鱼和浮游动物的数量分布及其它们之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:夏秋季节,黄海南部、东海北部小黄鱼主要出现在大沙、江外、吕四和沙外渔场,夏季最高生物量分布区出现在长江口和江外渔场交界处的31°30′N、125°00′E海域,秋季最高生物量分布区出现在大沙和沙外渔场交界处的32°30′N、125°00′E海域。2个季节浮游动物优势种的组成主要以浮游甲壳动物、浮游幼体以及毛颚类动物为主。浮游动物有2个密集分布区:一个在近岸一侧123°00′E经度线附近,夏季呈南北方向分布,秋季呈西北-东南走向;另一个在32°00′N、125°00′E附近海域。从夏季到秋季,浮游动物优势种的组成有了较大的更替,优势种的范围更加扩大;夏季占绝对优势的中华哲水蚤到秋季已经不在优势种之列。夏秋季小黄鱼主要分布区与浮游动物的高密度分布区存在着良好的对应关系。夏季小黄鱼和其他浮游食性鱼类的强烈的摄食影响可能造成了秋季浮游动物丰度的急剧下降。小黄鱼主要分布区内饵料浮游动物优势种的季节变化可能对其食物选择的变化有重要的影响。     

流沙湾浮游动物群落特征及与鱼贝养殖的关系

为了解流沙湾养殖活动对浮游动物群落的影响,于2015—2016年对流沙湾海区进行了夏(8月)、秋(11月)、冬(2月)、春(5月)4个季度的浮游动物调查,分析了浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的相关性。共记录浮游动物18大类119种、浮游幼体17种。浮游动物种类组成以桡足类(45种)和端足类(20种)为主,其次为毛颚类(15种)、水螅水母类(12种)、等足类(6种)等。十足目幼体(Decapod larvae)为春、夏两季的主要优势类群,亚强次真哲水蚤( Subeucalanus subcrassus)、微驼隆哲水蚤(Acrocalanus gracilis)为秋季主要优势种,夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans )为冬季主要优势种。年均浮游动物丰度和生物量分别为151.53个·m^-3 和73.48 mg·m^-3 。多维尺度分析(nMDS)结果表明,除春季外,流沙湾内湾浮游动物群落组成与外湾差异明显。典范对应分析(CCA)显示,溶解氧、磷酸盐、透明度、温度和硝酸盐等环境因子是影响浮游动物优势种分布的主要因素。在流沙湾海区,鱼类小网箱的养殖活动在夏秋两季对浮游动物群落组成和结构影响较大;贝类养殖区的浮游动物的丰度和生物量明显降低,但浮游动物群落组成及多样性与其它采样点差异不大。     

Spatial distribution pattern and physical – biological interactions in the larval notothenioid fish assemblages from the Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters

The Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters represent one of the most important areas of larval retention off the Antarctic Peninsula. The species composition of larval fish assemblages has been described in detail in previous surveys carried out in the area, but the role of environmental parameters influencing the spatial distribution of early life stages was poorly known. By applying generalized additive models and multivariate analyses, we evaluated the role of environmental variables in shaping the small‐scale distribution of larval fish and investigated the spatial structure of the larval assemblage. It consisted of a few dominant notothenioid species, such as Champsocephalus gunnari, Lepidonotothen squamifrons, Lepidonotothen larseni, Pleuragramma antarctica and Trematomus scotti, and several other rarely caught species. Sea water temperature, salinity and sampling depth were the most important factors determining the spatial distribution of fish with different relative contributions, together explaining more than 80% of total deviance observed. Species richness was mostly affected by salinity, probably due to the narrow range of salinity preference by the species. Cluster analysis of abundance and presence data identified six and five distinct groups, respectively, each of them with substantial contributions of single or rarely two species. Differences in reproductive strategies of adult populations and spatial distribution of early life stages driven by different larval behaviour in response to environmental factors contribute to maintaining a well‐structured larval fish assemblage, ensuring spatial and food niche partitioning.     

陵水湾浮游动物群落结构特征及其季节变化

为了探明陵水湾浮游动物饵料情况,本研究依据2014年11月(秋季)、2015年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和2016年1月(冬季)陵水湾4个航次的调查资料,分析了该海湾浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、丰度和生物量、生物多样性等群落结构特征及其影响因素。调查共发现浮游动物94种和浮游幼虫21类,其中桡足类(Copepoda)最多,有38种,其次是水螅水母类(Hydromedusae)11种,毛颚类(Chaetognatha)8种,其余类群种类数在1～6种之间。浮游动物群落主要由广温广盐类群、暖水沿岸类群和暖水外海类群组成,优势种主要分布在前两个类群,无全年优势种;浮游幼虫是陵水湾的重要类群,丰度呈现为冬季(低温)高于春季(高温)。与亚热带海域不同,低温已不再是制约陵水湾海洋生物生长的主要因子。浮游动物丰度和生物量均呈现为秋季最高,春季最低,冬季高于夏季。浮游动物群落物种Shannon-Wiener指数(H￠)和均匀度指数(J￠)的变化趋势一致,表现为春夏季高,秋冬季低,湾外高,湾内低。聚类分析结果表明,陵水湾浮游动物可分为湾内和湾外两个群落,主要受地形阻隔所致。盐度与浮游动物丰度和生物量均呈显著负相关关系,是浮游动物季节变化的主要影响因子之一。根据陵水湾浮游动物年均生物量估算出浮游动物提供的渔产潜力为2.24×10~4 kg。陵水湾浮游动物丰度呈现剧烈的季节变化,有必要对其进行长期的跟踪监测。     

黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物群落结构特征及其季节变化

根据2013年8月、10月和2014年2月、5月在黄河口及其邻近水域4个航次的调查数据,分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、数量变动、优势种、种类多样性及其季节变化。本次黄河口及其邻近水域调查共鉴定浮游动物43种,其中原生动物、毛颚动物、尾索动物和栉水母各1种,刺胞动物8种,浮游甲壳类18种,浮游幼体及鱼卵、仔稚鱼共13种(类)。浮游动物的平均丰度为2115.64 ind/m~3,不计夜光虫的平均丰度为95.93 ind/m~3,其中浮游甲壳类占71.43%。浮游动物丰度存在显著的季节变化,数量高峰出现在春季(5月),其次为冬季(2月)、秋季(10月)和夏季(8月)。毛颚动物强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)和双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bipinnata)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)等桡足类为夏、秋、冬三个季节的主要优势种,夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans)为春季的绝对优势种。浮游动物群落物种丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H')和均匀度指数(J')的变化趋势一致,表现为夏秋季高,冬春季低。黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落结构特征具有明显的季节变化;桡足类和浮游幼体是主要类群,对该水域浮游动物的数量变动及种类多样性的变化具有较大影响。     

东海生态系统中鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因素的关系

为了解当前东海生态系统中鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布的现状及其变化与物理环境因素的关系,根据2006年11月—2008年6月5个航次的鱼卵、仔稚鱼和物理环境调查资料,对鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成、数量分布与产卵场物理环境进行分析,探讨不同季节、不同年份鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布的变化及其与物理环境的关系。结果显示,5个航次采集到74 813粒鱼卵、16 826尾仔稚鱼,共有135个种类。其中,鉴定到种的有109种,隶属于15目67科99属,还有17个种类仅能鉴定到属、6个种类仅能鉴定到科和3个种类仅能鉴定到目。2006年—2007年秋季、冬季和春季鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类和数量随着季节变化逐渐增多;2008年春季的种类和数量较2007年春季明显偏少;2008年初夏种类的数量与2008年春季基本相近,但鱼卵的数量明显增多,仔稚鱼的数量基本相近。42种优势种类、重要种类和主要种类构成当前东海生态系统中鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成的主要成分。东海表层水温和盐度分布有显著的季节变化。秋、冬季表层水温锋面强度最强,春季次之,初夏最弱;锋面的位置秋季离岸最近,冬季次之,春季和初夏离岸最远,冬季偏南,初夏季节北移。表层盐度锋面主要分布在近岸区域,与岸线大致平行,其强度冬季最强,春、秋季次之,初夏季节最弱。秋、冬季节陆架深水海域的水温较沿岸海域高,鱼类生殖群体在陆架深水高温区产卵;春季和初夏季节沿岸海域明显升温,鱼类生殖群体由深水区向近岸海域进行生殖洄游,产卵场分布由陆架中部向近岸海域扩展,并在近岸海域形成了中心产卵场。鱼卵和仔稚鱼的分布与温、盐锋面和种类的温、盐属性的关系密切,主要分布在温度锋面暖水一侧,并有各自最适宜的温度和盐度范围。水温、盐度与种类的繁殖生物学特性是导致鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成与数量发生变化的主要因素;适宜的温度和盐度范围、锋区的辐聚和卷夹作用以及种类的生物学属性是影响鱼卵和仔稚鱼数量分布以及密集分布区形成的主要因素。     

南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节变动的研究

为阐明南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构的动态变化,基于2011年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2012年2月(冬季)对南海柘林湾拖网调查的数据,对柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节动态、鱼类营养级指数季节变化进行了初步分析。结果显示,各季节调查共捕获鱼类99种,底层鱼类占49.49%,暖水性鱼类占78.78%,肉食性鱼类占79.79%。各季节质量百分比和数量百分比优势种以拟矛尾■虎鱼(Parachaeturichthys polynema)、龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)等为主。柘林湾鱼类资源密度和资源尾数密度最高季节为夏季,各季节鱼类个体体质量大多小于15 g。春、秋季鱼类组成相对丰富,冬季生物量优势度最高。柘林湾鱼类以中级肉食性和高级肉食性为主,年度平均营养级指数为3.478,属于中级水平,夏季高营养级鱼类平均体质量最高。     

The influence of ontogeny and prey abundance on feeding ecology of age-0 Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in southeastern Lake Michigan

A shift towards oligotrophic conditions in Lake Michigan has led to concern that altered trophic pathways are leading to lower early life survival and recruitment for Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). This study evaluated ontogenetic shifts in age-0 Lake Whitefish diets and evaluated how feeding ecology and the amount of food eaten varied with prey abundance and composition at a site in southeastern Lake Michigan during 2014–2017. Although prey densities varied among years, cyclopoid copepods were overall the most abundant prey available. In turn, cyclopoids were the predominant prey item in diets each year, particularly for the smallest larval Lake Whitefish. However, there was a tendency for the importance of cyclopoids to decline somewhat in each diet index as fish grew and other prey such as calanoid copepods, Bosminidae, Daphniidae and/or chironomids increased in importance. High zooplankton abundance, especially high cyclopoid abundance, available to the small size groups of Lake Whitefish (<21 mm) in 2014 was associated with high food mass/fish, high number of zooplankton eaten/fish, and low incidence of empty stomachs compared with 2015–2017. As fish grew, the impact of food abundance on prey consumption diminished somewhat, indicating that the relationship between fish feeding ecology and the prey environment can change quickly with fish size during the early life period.     

流沙湾水产养殖区浮游动物群落特征

于2012年5月–2013年1月对流沙湾海区浮游动物进行了周年性的季度调查,共检出浮游动物41种、幼体17类,以桡足类居多(29种)。亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、短尾类幼虫(Brachyuran larva)、长尾幼体(Macruran larva)在四季均有出现,并在3个季度中成为优势种。年均浮游动物丰度和生物量分别为48.12 ind./m3、13.43 mg/m3。扇贝主养区、鱼类网箱养殖区和珍珠贝养殖区的各季浮游动物丰度及生物量均低于对照区(非养殖区);大中型浮游动物主要出现在对照区,而在鱼、贝养殖区极少出现。冬季扇贝主养区多样性指数为各区最高,其浮游动物丰度、生物量迅速回升,高于鱼类网箱养殖区和珍珠贝养殖区,但仍低于对照区。研究结果显示,鱼、贝养殖区域流沙湾海区的浮游动物丰度及生物量比往年明显减小,浮游动物的小型化加剧。     

Larval fish assemblages and water mass structure off the oligotrophic south-western Australian coast

Larval fish assemblages were sampled using replicated oblique bongo net tows along a five‐station transect extending from inshore (18 m depth) to offshore waters (1000 m depth) off temperate south‐western Australia. A total of 148 taxa from 93 teleost families were identified. Larvae of Gobiidae and Blenniidae were abundant inshore, while larvae of pelagic and reef‐dwelling families, such as Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Carangidae and Labridae were common in continental shelf waters. Larvae of oceanic families, particularly Myctophidae, Phosichthyidae and Gonostomatidae, dominated offshore assemblages. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed larval fish assemblages to have a strong temporal and spatial structure. Assemblages were distinct among seasons, and among inshore, continental shelf and offshore sampling stations. Inshore larval fish assemblages were the most seasonal, in terms of species composition and abundance, with offshore assemblages the least seasonal. However, larval fish assemblages were most closely correlated to water mass, with species distributions reflecting both cross‐shelf and along‐shore oceanographic processes and events. Similarity profile (SIMPROF) analysis suggested the presence of twelve distinct larval fish assemblages, largely delineated by water depth and season. The strength and position of the warm, southward flowing Leeuwin Current, and of the cool, seasonal, northward flowing Capes Current, were shown to drive much of the variability in the marine environment, and thus larval fish assemblages.     

春、秋季武湖浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

2007年和2008年春(5月)、秋(11月)季对武湖浮游动物进行了4次调查,共检出浮游动物133种,其中原生动物61种,轮虫63种,枝角类6种,桡足类3种。浮游动物物种数春季较多,2007年和2008年分别为86种和85种;秋季较少,分别为73种和72种。2007年春季浮游动物总丰度最高,为49605个/L;2007年秋季和2008年春、秋季浮游动物总丰度较低;原生动物和轮虫的丰度是武湖浮游动物丰度的主体。浮游动物丰度和环境因子的典型对应分析(CCA)表明,叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、化学需氧量、溶解氧、水温和透明度是与武湖浮游动物群落相关性较强的环境因子(P<0.05),且相关性较强的环境因子在各季节是不同的,表明武湖浮游动物群落结构的季节变化与水体营养状况密切相关。     

辽宁省黄海北部沿岸夏季和秋季浮游动物群落结构

2014年8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对辽宁省黄海北部沿岸海域进行了2个航次的浮游生物调查,共检测出浮游动物35种,其中夏季30种,秋季34种。浮游动物以小型桡足类和浮游幼虫为主。洪氏纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、强壮箭虫、异体柱囊虫和双壳类幼体为夏季优势种;洪氏纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、强壮箭虫、异体柱囊虫、桡足类幼虫、沃氏纺锤水蚤为秋季优势种。夏季浮游动物生物量高于秋季,生物量则低于秋季。季节变化会影响浮游动物的丰度和生物量。辽宁省黄海北部沿岸浮游动物丰度、生物量较高,小型桡足类在黄海北部沿岸浮游动物群落结构中具有重要的作用。     

Trophic structure of fish assemblages from Mamoré River floodplain lakes (Bolivia)

Abstract –  The fish assemblage of the floodplain of the Mamoré River (Bolivia) was estimated in eight lakes, corresponding to four habitat types, situated on an environmental gradient related to the river distance: lakes situated near the river, in the forested floodplain, at the floodplain edge and lakes isolated in the savanna. This paper documents the diet of 71 fish species (among the 140 recorded) and compares the taxonomic and trophic structure of fish assemblages between four lake types. The diet analysis was conducted to determine five trophic guilds: algivores/iliophages, herbivores, zooplanktivores, invertivores and piscivores. The taxonomic and trophic structures of the fish assemblages were not similar in the different lake types of the Mamoré River. The trophic structure of assemblages showed a coarse pattern of dominance of algivores/iliophages and invertivores, but different situations were observed in relative abundance of the trophic groups in relation to the spatial position of the lakes (except for piscivores). Lakes close to the river appeared more favourable to the microphages (algivores/iliophages, zooplanktivores) although remote lakes appeared more favourable to the macrophages (invertivores, herbivores). These results support the general idea that fish distribution follows a pattern linked to the ecology of the species, and related to environmental characteristics of the lakes.     

象山港三种不同养殖方式对浮游动物群落的影响

为探究不同营养类型养殖方式对半封闭海湾浮游生态系统的影响,于2015年在象山港的鱼类网箱养殖、牡蛎筏式养殖和海带筏式养殖3种养殖区内外分别进行大、中型和中、小型浮游动物群落及相关环境因子的四季研究。结果显示,牡蛎养殖区内大、中型浮游动物群落结构变化明显,夏、秋季优势种太平洋纺锤水蚤的优势度下降,冬季优势种腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度上升;网箱养殖区内浮游动物群落变化不明显,变化主要为大、中型浮游动物优势种,春、冬季腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度下降,秋季优势种种类组成变化明显;海带养殖区内浮游动物群落和优势种变化均不明显。此外,3种养殖方式对浮游动物的生物量、丰度和α多样性均未产生明显影响。结合象山港的水文特征和养殖区内外的环境因子,研究表明,牡蛎养殖区浮游动物群落变化是牡蛎滤食行为和铁港水交换能力差的综合结果,而浮游动物优势种变化可能与水体总磷含量较高有关;因目前网箱养殖规模小且西沪港水动力条件较好,网箱区内局部环境和浮游动物的变化较小;海带养殖因面积小且仅春、冬季养殖,不足以对水质和浮游动物产生影响。此外,本研究显示不同环境中,大、中型浮游动物群落结构的变异较中、小型浮游动物明显,这可能与中、小型浮游动物群落的稳定性较高有关。     

海州湾及邻近海域春夏季典型断面鱼类浮游生物群落的结构特征

根据2015年5―7月在海州湾及邻近海域存在空间异质性的南北两个典型断面进行的鱼卵、仔稚鱼水平拖网调查数据,采用多元统计分析等方法研究了该海域春、夏季鱼类浮游生物群落的空间变化。结果表明,本次调查共获得鱼卵33587粒,仔稚鱼713尾。出现鱼卵25种(未定种1种),隶属于14科25属,仔稚鱼13种(未定种1种),隶属于13科13属。鱼卵优势种主要是鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama)、(魚銜)属(Callionymus spp.)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、江口小公鱼(Stolephorus commersonni)和短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri);仔稚鱼优势种主要是(魚銜)属和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)。鱼类浮游生物种类组成年代际变化明显,目前以生命周期短、个体小、资源更新节律快的小型鱼种为主;研究表明,鱼类浮游生物的优势种在不同月份和断面之间存在一定变化,5、6月南北两断面优势种组成不同,7月开始出现共同优势种。从鱼类浮游生物的空间分布来看,近岸海域的丰度较高,5、6月鱼类浮游生物的平均丰度均为北面断面1高于南面断面2,7月反之。鱼类浮游生物群落在两个典型断面随月份呈现出不同特征,水深、温度和盐等海洋环境因子综合影响着春、夏季海州湾及邻近海域鱼类浮游生物群落结构。     

Spatial distribution patterns of fish egg and larval assemblages in the lower reach of the Yangtze River: Potential implications for conservation and management

1. River fish diversity is threatened by anthropogenic environmental alteration to landscapes. The early life-history stages of fish play an important role in maintaining diversity and population recruitment and can be heavily influenced by landscape patterns. Information on temporal and spatial distribution patterns of fish eggs and larvae is also important for biodiversity conservation and management of fish resources.
2. The Yangtze River possesses a high diversity of fishes, including many commercially important species. The economy along the lower reach of the river is well developed, and most of the area is experiencing high pressure from human impacts. This section of the Yangtze River connects with the largest freshwater lake in China at the upstream end and flows into the estuary at the downstream end. These two landscape features are likely to have a significant impact upon the spatial distributions of fish egg and larval assemblages.
3. Environmental variables, fish eggs, and larval assemblages were sampled in three locations, at Hukou, Anqing, and Jingjiang, in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. The results suggest that the higher number of species and greater abundance in upstream sites reflect the critical function of connectivity of Poyang Lake with the river for fish recruitment in the lower Yangtze. The delayed bloom of larval fish, occurrence of estuarine species, and a lower species number and abundance of freshwater fish downstream reflect the influence of tidal intrusion from the estuary.
4. This study highlights the value of maintaining natural river–lakes connectivity in the Yangtze River as a conservation measure. The connected river–lake system should be designated as a priority area for fish resource protection in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. We recommend further measures to break down barriers between the river and other lakes and to restore the natural lateral connectivity of the floodplain ecosystem.

     

闽南渔场沿海仔稚鱼时空分布特征及影响因子

为探明闽南渔场沿海仔稚鱼时空分布特征及与环境因子的相关关系, 根据2022 年5 月(春季)、2022 年11月(秋季)、2023 年2 月(冬季)以及2023 年7 月(夏季)开展的4 个航次仔稚鱼调查资料, 研究该海域仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布、群落结构和多样性, 探讨闽南渔场海域的水文特征与仔稚鱼分布的相关关系。结果显示: (1) 4 个航次共采集仔稚鱼1114 尾, 隶属于9 目40 科87 种, 其中鲈形目(Perciformes)数量最多, 占研究海域仔稚鱼总数量的65.26%;夏季仔稚鱼丰度最高, 种类数最多, 秋季仔稚鱼丰度最低, 种类数最少; 各季度间优势种差异明显, 无公共优势种。(2) 闽南渔场沿海仔稚鱼群聚的组成各季节存在显著差异, 春−夏、夏−秋、秋−冬和冬−春的季节物种更替率依次为88.46%、98.15%、100.00%、92.11%。多样性分析结果显示, 仔稚鱼Margalef 丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(Hʹ)均夏季最高, 但Pielou 均匀度指数(Jʹ)冬季最高。(3) 仔稚鱼群落结构相似性分析表明, 春季、夏季和冬季各站位仔稚鱼群聚划分明显, 春季仔稚鱼群落可分为近岸类群和近海类群2 个群组, 夏季和冬季仔稚鱼群落均可分为近岸类群、近海I 类群和近海II 类群3 个群组。(4) 仔稚鱼时空分布与环境因子的相关性分析表明, 不同站位间盐度变化和季节间的温度变化是影响仔稚鱼时空分布的主要原因。本研究结果可为研究闽南渔场渔业资源的补充机制及制定渔业资源养护与管理措施提供科学依据。     

Spatiotemporal distribution and habitat use of commercial demersal species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to investigate the influence of spatial (subarea), temporal (season) and environmental variables (substrate characteristics, depth, temperature and salinity) on the relative abundance of 27 demersal species of commercial importance in the Aegean Sea. Twelve species exhibited decreasing population density with increasing depth, whereas the abundance of the remaining species peaked at intermediate depths. Most of the species were mainly distributed on the continental shelf and upper continental slope. The dry weight percentage of sand in the sediment was included as an important predictor in the best models of all species with a lifecycle closely related to the substrate (flatfish, skates, gurnards, mullets, anglers, scorpionfish) and in most benthopelagic species (seven of 12). The weight percentage of carbonates in the sediment was also included in the best models of most species (19 of 27). Seasonal patterns in the relative abundance of species were observed, related in most cases to the seasonal differentiation of temperature and salinity gradients. During the period of water stratification (summer and autumn) the influence of temperature or salinity on fish abundance was always greater than during the period of vertical mixing (winter). The present results are discussed in the light of fostering the current perception as to factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of fish, which is a prerequisite for the sustainable exploitation of commercial stocks.     

Prey selection and growth in 0+ Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. in littoral zones of seven temperate lakes

We studied the relationships between the planktonic food base and feeding patterns of juvenile mid-summer/early autumn Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L., a common predatory freshwater fish in large parts of Europe and Asia. The feeding of 0+ perch was studied during summer and autumn in littoral habitats of seven lakes with different environmental conditions – four Latvian (Auciema, Riebinu, Vārzgūnes, Laukezers) and three Estonian (Kaiavere, Prossa and Akste) lakes. Simultaneously, the abundance, biomass and structure of zooplankton communities were examined. We focused on the littoral areas because many studies in lakes suggest that littoral habitats are particularly important for 0+ fish growth and survival. We were interested in the question: can the diet and growth of 0+ perch be explained by zooplankton community structure? We also presumed that if the amount of zooplankton is low, more benthic invertebrates will be consumed by 0+ perch. Opposite to expectations, we found that zooplankton always counted for over 90% of diet biomass in perch. There were also clear correlations between the zooplankton biomass in a given lake, the zooplankton biomass in 0+ perch stomachs, and the fish growth rate. The study also suggested that nutrient enrichment can positively impact the 0+ perch feeding conditions in lakes.