口蹄疫病毒OT株的全基因组序列测定及比较分析

参考GenBank上已发表的口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)全长基因组序列,设计了覆盖基因组全长的数对引物,通过RT-PCR方法对口蹄疫病毒OT株进行分段克隆及序列测定.结果表明不含poly(C)序列的OT株基因组全序列长8 142 nt,开放读码框(ORF)长6 969 nt、编码2 322 aa,5'UTR长1 004 nt,3'UTR长93 nt,3'UTR之后为23nt的poly(A)尾巴.应用分子生物学软件将OT株与FMDV其它参考毒株进行序列比对,并对其基因特征进行分析.结果显示,OT株的假结节(Pseudoknots)从第415-499位连续缺失85 nt,但是其3A基因却未发生碱基的缺失.其VP1基因的核苷酸同源性与O/Akesu58、OMⅢ两株最高,但OT株在进化时间上要比O/Akesu58、OMIII早很多,其毒株起源和遗传衍化关系还需要进一步的关注.     

广东地方品种鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒分离鉴定及遗传进化研究

为了解广东地方品种鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)净化情况,利用ALV-p27特异性抗原检测、病毒分离、PCR扩增和全基因组测序分析等方法,从广东某地方品种鸡群中分离鉴定出1株ALV-J,命名为GDYH-Y1。全基因组序列分析表明,GDYH-Y1分离株的LTR、gag和pol基因相对保守,而3′UTR和gp85基因变异较大,其中gp85基因与ALV-J参考毒株序列同源性仅为87.5%~92.8%,3′UTR区的rTM出现大量碱基缺失,遗传进化分析表明GDYH-Y1分离株与美国白羽肉鸡源分离株ADOL-7501亲缘关系最近。研究为广东地方品种鸡ALV-J净化效果提供数据参考,为分析广东地方品种鸡ALV-J毒株的分子特征和变异趋势提供了重要的数据资料。     

黄羽肉鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒分离鉴定与全基因组序列分析

为了解J亚群禽白血病在黄羽肉鸡中的流行状况,采用病料研磨液接种DF-1细胞、ELISA p27抗原检测、PCR扩增等方法,从广东某鸡场送检疑似禽白血病的黄羽肉鸡病料中分离鉴定出1株J亚群禽白血病病毒,命名为GDLZ0715。为进一步了解该病毒分子学特性,对其进行全基因组测序,并与其他ALV-J毒株进行比较。结果表明,GDLZ0715分离株整个基因组中gag、pol、env基因和LTR相对保守,与各参考ALV-J毒株序列同源性分别达93.5%~95.9%、96.8%~97.3%、89.6%~94.6%和90.8%~95.1%;3′UTR变异较大,与各ALV-J参考毒株序列同源性仅为80.5%~93.4%,其中rTM和E元件大量碱基缺失;进一步分析表明3′UTR中rTM区和E元件大量碱基缺失正成为我国肉鸡ALV-J毒株的变异趋势。     

Application of high-resolution melting curve analysis for typing of fowl adenoviruses in field cases of inclusion body hepatitis

Objective Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens. In this study, clinical cases of IBH from Australian broiler flocks were screened for the presence and genotype of FAdVs. Methods Twenty‐six IBH cases from commercial poultry farms were screened. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with high‐resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis (PCR/HRM genotyping) was used to determine the presence and genotype of FAdVs. For comparison, field isolates were also assessed by virus microneutralisation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the hexon loop 1 (Hex L1) gene. PCR detection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was also employed. Results FAdV‐8b and FAdV‐11 were identified in 13 cases each. In one case, FAdV‐1 was also identified. Cross‐neutralisation was observed between the FAdV‐11 field strain and the reference FAdV‐2 and 11 antisera, a result also seen with the type 2 and 11 reference FAdVs. Field strains 1 and 8b were neutralised only by their respective type antisera. The FAdV‐8b field strain was identical to the Australian FAdV vaccine strain (type 8b) in the Hex L1 region. The Hex L1 sequence of the FAdV‐11 field strain had the highest identity to FAdV‐11 (93.2%) and FAdV‐2 (92.7%) reference strains. In the five cases tested for CAV and IBDV, neither virus was detected. The evidence suggested the presence of sufficient antibodies against CAV and IBD in the parent flocks and there was no indication of immunosuppression caused by these viruses. Conclusion These results indicate that PCR/HRM genotyping is a reliable diagnostic method for FAdV identification and is more rapid than virus neutralisation and direct sequence analysis. Furthermore, they suggest that IBH in Australian broiler flocks is a primary disease resulting from two alternative FAdV strains from different species.     

中国流行的2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒HA和NA基因的分子和遗传特征

目前流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒是一个复杂的基因重配病毒。对病毒的分子生物学研究,尤其是病毒囊膜蛋白血凝素（haemagglutini,HA）基因和神经氨酸酶（neuraminidase,NA）基因的研究,为控制和预防H1N1流感病毒具有重要的意义。本研究对中国流行的2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒的HA和NA基因与疫苗株A/California/07/2009（H1N1）,以及不同国家和地区的病毒株进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析。从NCBI的GenBank数据库下载所需要毒株的序列,采用Lasergene 6.0软件包中的EditSeq和MegAlign进行序列分析,进化树分析采用MEGA4.1软件。进化分析表明,中国流行的2009 H1N1流感病毒与疫苗株的核苷酸同源率分别在98.8%~99.7%和98.6%~99.6%之间;裂解位点处为I/VPSIQSR↓G,不具备高致病性流感病毒的特征;有1株NA抗性病毒。尽管与疫苗株相比,中国流行株2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒的HA和NA基因有部分突变,但这些突变并不是重要的。本研究首次详细分析了中国流行的2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒株与疫苗株的HA和NA基因的分子特征,对实时监测流感病毒HA和NA基因的变化具有重要意义。     

鹅细小病毒HN株的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

为研究鹅细小病毒(GPV)基因遗传变异特征,采集海南某养鹅场疑似鹅细小病毒感染的病料,将其处理后接种番鸭胚成功分离到一株病毒,经PCR鉴定为鹅细小病毒,命名为HN株,并获得了其全基因组序列,将该序列与GenBank数据库中登录的16条鹅和番鸭细小病毒基因序列进行了比对分析。结果显示,该株病毒基因组全长为5 106bp,由ITR、NS、VP构成,其中ITR为444bp,NS1为1 844bp,VP1为2 199bp;HN株与SHFX1201株的NS1基因和VP1同源性最高,分别达到99.8%和99.7%,与番鸭细小病毒株FM的NS1基因同源性最低,为82.7%;与90-0215株VP1同源性最低,为80.1%。HN株的遗传进化树可以看出,GPV可以分成明显的2个基因亚群,HN株与鹅细小病毒匈牙利株(B)、欧洲疫苗株(VG32/1)和台湾株(82-0321V、82-0321、06-0329)均处在第I亚群,且与安徽分离株Y株以及SHFX1201株同源性最接近,番鸭源匈牙利株FM单独处于第Ⅱ亚群。本研究丰富了GPV的数据资料,为研究GPV分类地位以及遗传进化关系提供了依据,同时也为研究GPV流行趋势和疫苗的开发奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒TS株结构蛋白基因的克隆与变异分析

从河北唐山分离到一株疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV),接种Marc-145细胞,经2代盲传后出现细胞病变,经鉴定为PRRSV,命名为TS株。利用RT-PCR扩增出TS株各基因的cDNA片段,然后克隆入pMD19-T载体并测序。应用DNAStar软件,结合其它河北毒株与多株GenBank中已发表的PRRSV毒株相应基因进行序列比较。结果表明:PRRSV TS株与VR-2332同源性为88.9%-94.7%,与河北省2007年以来发现的8个毒株同源性很强,为98.0%-99.7%;与LV株的亲缘关系较远,同源性为61.2%-69.0%,属于美洲型。遗传进化树表明国内美洲型分离株明显分为2个亚群,所有河北省流行毒株属于同一亚群,且TS株与高致病性代表毒株JXA1关系非常近。本研究将为河北省预防和控制PRRS提供重要的理论数据。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒安徽分离株的鉴定及其gp85基因序列分析

从安徽省的黄羽肉鸡和罗曼蛋鸡中各分离鉴定出1株J亚群禽白血病病毒,克隆获得了2条相应的gp85基因序列,并与参考毒株进行序列比对。结果表明,两分离毒株与J亚群参考毒株同源性为82.1%~99.4%,分离毒株之间同源性为85.4%。其中肉鸡分离毒株与J亚群原型毒株HPRS-103同源性为97.1%,与J亚群国内毒株SD09TA04、SDYC02J同源性均为99.4%;蛋鸡分离毒株与HPRS-103的同源性为89.0%,与SD09TA04和SDYC02J同源性仅为88.6%。两分离毒株的gp85氨基酸序列出现突变和缺失,在高变区hr1、hr2变异明显。进化分析进一步表明,2个分离毒株亲缘关系较远,可能来源于不同的原始病毒株。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒国内分离经典株与变异株的全基因组序列分析

通过分段设计引物,对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)LX、JX株基因组进行RT-PCR扩增,对各片段cDNA进行克隆和序列测定,拼接后获得全基因组序列。结果,PRRSV LX株全基因组序列长度为15 412 bp(不包括PolyA尾),PRRSV JX株全基因组序列长度为15 320 bp(不包括PolyA尾)。序列分析表明,JX株全基因组核苷酸序列与LX株、JXA1、VR2332、CH-1a、BJ-4、LV同源性分别为91.1%、98.6%、91.0%、94.6%、90.9%、61.7%;LX株全基因组核苷酸序列与JX株、JXA1、VR2332、CH-1a、BJ-4、LV同源性分别为91.1%、89.7%、99.7%、91.5%、99.7%、62.2%。对不同分离株的5′-UTR、Nsp2进行了序列比较,并根据5′-UTR、Nsp2、ORF5的基因序列和氨基酸序列,对国内外分离株进行了系统进化分析。根据5′-UTR核苷酸序列,可将PRRSV美洲型毒株分为4个亚群,LX株和JX株分别属于经典美洲型和"高热病"变异型。根据Nsp2氨基酸序列分析了不同分离株的分子进化关系,表明依据Nsp2序列美洲型分离株可初步划分为5个亚群,JX株独立于其他毒株,独自处于一个分支。依据ORF5序列也可将美洲型分离株划分为5个亚群。本研究为探讨PRRSV的分子进化奠定了基础。     

Genetic and pathogenic characterization of Akabane viruses isolated from cattle with encephalomyelitis in Korea

A large-scale outbreak of Akabane viral encephalomyelitis in cattle was reported in the southern part of Korea in 2010. Fifteen Akabane virus (AKAV) strains were isolated from the brain and spinal cord samples by using BHK-21 and/or HmLu-1 cells. To examine the genetic relationships and characteristics of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of the S, M, and L segments of the 15 isolates were determined and analyzed. Complete sequence analysis of the 15 AKAV isolates showed 99.9-100% amino acid identities, indicating that the 15 isolates originated from a single strain. The S and M RNA segments of a representative isolate (AKAV-7/SKR/2010) were also compared with the segments of representative reference sequences. This AKAV-7/SKR/2010 strain showed the highest identity with the Iriki and KM-1/Br/06 strains. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees of S and M RNA segments were constructed. Four representative AKAV isolates were classified into subgroup Ia, which contains the Iriki and KM-1/Br/06 strains recognized to cause encephalomyelitis in calves and adult cattle in Japan. Moreover, experimental intraperitoneal infection was performed using the AKAV-7/SKR/2010 and AKAV-17/SKR/2010 strains to assess pathogenesis in suckling mice. The 2 isolates, genetically related to the Iriki strain, were neurovirulent and caused neurological signs in suckling mice. In contrast, the 93FMX strain and the K0505 strain, related to the OBE-1 strain, were avirulent in mice. The present results indicate that these isolates most likely had originated from the Iriki strain and are closely related to the Iriki strain both genetically and pathogenically.     

猪瘟野毒混合毒实验室感染的研究

本研究以本所近年来所分离的高、中、低三株不同毒力（HeNXH3.98、JL1.94和FJFQ1.99）的猪瘟野毒混合毒对敏感猪进行实验室感染试验，利用HCFA、RT－PCR及序列测定进行检测和分析，结果2头试验猪均在感染后2周发病死亡，表现典型的猪瘟临床症状；序列测定及分析结果表明感染后1周及2周2头实验感染猪所分离的病毒E2基因主要抗原编码区序列完全一致，核苷酸及氨基酸同源性均为1005；与感染毒株序列比较，2头试验感染猪所分离的病毒E2基因主要抗原编码区序列与JL1.94株序列完全一致，核苷酸及 在酸同源性均为100％，且基因分群在同一群；而与HeNXH3.98和FJFQ1.99株序列则有一定的差异，且不在同一基因群或基因亚群，说明在多个猪瘟病毒存在的情况下，敏感猪存在对猪间病毒的优势选择。本试验的条件下3株不同和的猪瘟野毒混合感染以中等毒力毒株JL1.94为优势毒株。     

血管瘤禽白血病病毒FJ0610株的分离与鉴定

为了解禽白血病病毒在商品蛋鸡中的流行情况,试验采用病理剖检、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)以及间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)等方法对送检的疑似禽白血病病毒感染的商品蛋鸡进行了病毒分离与鉴定,并对分离株的致瘤相关基因gp85基因进行测序,与国内外各亚群禽白血病病毒进行对比。结果表明:分离、鉴定到1株J亚群血管瘤禽白血病病毒,命名为FJ0610;分离株gp85基因核苷酸序列同源性在11.5%～94.5%之间,其中与血管瘤禽白血病毒株ZH-08株同源性最高,而与E亚群毒株同源性最低;基于gp85核苷酸序列的系统进化分析表明FJ0610株的gp85序列与ZH-08株的亲缘关系最近。     

猪脑心肌炎病毒GXLC株的分离及其3D基因分子特征的分析

采集临床疑似脑心肌炎死亡仔猪的组织作为接种材料,接种于BHK-21细胞系,观察细胞病变（CPE）,并用RT-PCR和间接荧光抗体试验（IFA）进行鉴定,证实分离到1株脑心肌炎病毒（encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV）,命名为GXLC株。应用RT-PCR方法扩增GXLC株的3D基因,扩增产物克隆入pMD18-T载体后进行测序,对获得的3D基因序列进行分析。序列分析结果表明,GXLC株3D基因全长1380 nt,编码460个氨基酸,含有7个抗原表位。同源性分析结果表明,GXLC株与国内外其它EMCV分离株3D基因核苷酸序列的同源性在84.7%～99.7%之间,氨基酸序列的同源性在96.1%～99.6%之间。遗传进化分析结果表明,基于3D基因核苷酸序列绘制的系统进化树可将所有EMCV分离株分成2个群：Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群,Ⅰ群可再细分为Ⅰa亚群和Ⅰb亚群,其中猪源EMCV在Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群中均有分布,而鼠源EMCV分布在Ⅰ群,人源EMCV分布在Ⅱ群;GXLC株与其它中国分离株均属于Ⅰa亚群。     

禽白血病病毒贵州流行株env基因克隆与序列分析

为了解禽白血病病毒（ALV）贵州流行株的遗传变异情况及分子特征,本试验基于ALV env基因设计合成引物对禽白血病贵州临床病例进行目的基因扩增、克隆和序列分析。结果显示,从临床病例中筛选获得3份阳性样本,PCR扩增均获得大小约921 bp的目的基因片段,将其命名为：GZ-ALV-1株、GZ-ALV-2株和GZ-ALV-3株。序列分析结果显示,3株ALV贵州流行株之间核苷酸同源性在97.2%~97.6%之间,与国内外ALV-J的同源性相对较高,为93.1%~99.3%;而与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群ALV同源性仅为51.4%~53.2%。系统进化分析显示,3株ALV贵州流行株与ALV-J亚群参考株处于同一分支,表明本试验所检测的ALV毒株均为ALV-J亚群;与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群处于不同进化分支。基因变异分析显示,3株流行株37处相同核苷酸变异导致17处氨基酸发生位点变异,其中9个可变点在高变区hr1和hr2,1个可变点在低变区vr3。结果表明,3株ALV贵州流行株均为ALV-J亚群,env基因存在位点发生了变异,且可变位点位于序列高变区。本研究结果为明确贵州禽白血病流行概况及ALV的防控与净化提供基础数据。     

A novel subgroup among genotypes of equine arteritis virus: genetic comparison of 40 strains

The authors determined partial nucleic sequences of the variable regions of open-reading frame (ORF5) from 151 nucleotide to 668 nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of 518 nucleotide respectively of 20 equine arteritis virus (EAV) isolates. About 19 Hungarian and one Austrian EAV strains were subjected to sequence analysis, the further data of 20 EAV strains: six North American and 14 European were obtained from the GenBank. Comparative sequence analysis of the Hungarian EAV strains indicated that among the three variable regions the first has been affected mostly by point mutations. Genetic comparison of the Hungarian strains with other EAV isolates from western Europe and North America (including the Bucyrus reference strain) has been performed on the aforementioned genome region. Besides the already known genetic subgroups of EAV; phylogenetic analysis revealed a novel subgroup comprising mainly Hungarian strains. Compared with the Bucyrus virus, the overall sequence divergencies of the examined Hungarian strains ranged from 81.47 to 90.73% at nucleotide and from 84.88 to 91.86% at amino acid level. Epizootiological studies have shown that the significant part of the EAV strains having been existed in Hungary before and in 2000 belong to this unique cluster (II.D) which was not indicated in former phylogenetic studies. After 2000 new EAV strains emerged in Hungary, one of them causing abortions or neonatal death. The previously dominant 'Hungarian' EAV genotypes were replaced by these new strains belonging to North American and European subgroups (I.A, I.B, II.A, II.B). The anamnesis of these cases revealed connections with persistent virus shedder stallions, those were imported to the country after 2000 or have been infected abroad. One of these Hungarian stallions became the source of abortion storms in Hungarian studs.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒沈阳分离株生物学特性及其免疫原S1基因的克隆与序列分析

本研究对分离自沈阳地区的一株传染性支气管炎病毒（ＳＹ毒株）进行了生物学特性的研究,同时成功地对其免疫原Ｓ１基因进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增、克隆与序列分析。 通过电镜观察、动物回归试验、血凝特性研究等试验验证分离自沈阳地区的ＳＹ毒株确实为一株传染性支气管炎病毒。气管环组织培养交叉中和试验结果表明,分离株ＳＹ株不同于参考毒株澳大利亚Ｔ、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１,且不同于国内其它流行株ＨＤ、ＨＢ、ＸＢ、ＤＢ等,是一个新的变异株。 利用ＩＢＶ Ｓ１基因特异性寡聚核苷酸引物,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增ＳＹ毒株的Ｓ１基因,得到预期的约１．７Ｋｂ片段;并将扩增所得ｃＤＮＡ插入克隆质粒ｐＵＣ１９的ＥｃｏＲⅠ／ＢａｍＨⅠ位点,在大肠杆菌ＤＨ５ａ中实现目的基因的克隆。经限制性核酸内切酶分析及ＰＣＲ鉴定,证实为阳性重组质粒,利用末端双脱氧链终止法对其测序,得到Ｓ１基因全长１６４０ｂｐ,包括整个开放阅读框。通过序列分析软件ＤＮＡＳＩＳ、ＰＲＯＳＩＳ、ＭＥＧＡ等软件对Ｓ１基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,结果表明：分离株ＳＹ与７株参考株和国内流行株ＨＤ株相比,无论是核苷酸序列同源百分率还是氨基酸序列同源百分离都较低,均未达到８０％,这就提示我们ＳＹ毒     

Phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus isolated from Taiwan

By analyzing the E2 sequences of classical swine fever virus from field outbreaks in Taiwan during 1993-2001, three virus populations with distinct genotypes were determined including one historical (subgroup 3.4) and two exotic (subgroup 2.1) strains. The first subgroup 2.1 virus was isolated in 1994 and further sporadic outbreaks occurred after 1996. Phylogenetic analysis using the E2 region has segregated the Taiwanese strains of 2.1 virus into two different genotypes (termed 2.1a and 2.1b). The 2.1b viruses were only isolated in 2001 and shared approximately 94.8% nucleotide identities to the 2.1a viruses in the total genomic sequences. The results suggest that the 2.1a and 2.1b viruses may be introduced from different origins.     

Comparison of Chinese field strains of avian leukosis subgroup J viruses with prototype strain HPRS-103 and United States strains

Eight Chinese field strains of subgroup J avian leukosis viruses (ALV-J) were isolated from broilers or parent stocks during January 1999 to April 2001. One strain, SD9902, was an acute transforming virus, able to induce typical myelocytomatosis in 22-38 days after inoculation of 1-day-old meat-type chicks. The envelope protein and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the eight field strains were compared with the U.K. prototype HPRS-103 and several U.S. field strains isolated in 1993-97. All Chinese strains shared an almost identical deletion with the U.S. strain 4817 in the E element region of 3'-UTR when compared with the prototype HPRS-103, indicating that they have a very close phylogenic relationship. Every year, China has to import grandparent stocks of meat-type chickens, mainly from the United States. Chinese isolates should represent a part in the phylogenic tree of U.S. ALV-J evolution. Envelope protein gp85 amino acid sequence analysis demonstrated that, interestingly, all recent Chinese isolates were more closely related to HPRS-103 and the earliest U.S. isolates but not to the late U.S. isolates. The result implies that envelope gp85 may not have diverged from prototype and older strains. It is also possible that some recently imported birds could have been infected by the older viruses that were introduced in the late 1990s.     

犬瘟热病毒F基因克隆及序列分析

从犬瘟热病毒检测阳性的3份(KM1、KM2、KM3)病料中进行F基因的克隆测序,并与其他5株代表性参考毒株的同一基因序列进行比较(国内外流行毒株以及疫苗毒株).结果表明,KM1与KM2有95.7%的核苷酸同源性,其氨基酸序列完全相同;KM3株与KM1有1个氨基酸的差异,与参考的5株犬瘟热病毒的F基因核苷酸和氨基酸分析同源性分别为91.1%～96.5%和96.8%～100%.