17个草坪草品种在南京地区的引种试验

通过对冷季型、暖季型两科１７个草坪草品种在耐旱性、抗病性等方面的特性比较,明确了冷季型草坪草品种中的贝克、猎狗、圣那多和暖季型草坪草品种中的马蹿金、狗牙根、矮生百慕大及马尼拉在南京地区的推广应用价值。     

国外优良草坪草在中国的引种适应性研究

为在中国不同的气候和土壤环境中寻找最适应当地的草坪草种及品种 ,从国外 14家种子公司引入 131个草坪草品种 ,用田间试验方法对其适应能力和草坪品质进行了深入研究 ,结果证明 ,所有冷季型草坪草在沈阳、北京、兰州和昆明都能适应和生长 ;在过渡带 (成都和上海 )冷季型草越夏较难 ,冬季生长旺盛 ,而暖季型草都适应 ,但冬季枯黄期长 ;在广州除了高羊茅越夏能存活外 ,其余冷季型草坪草均不能越夏 ,只适于暖季型草如狗牙根等生长。     

草坪草利用及引种适应性研究

国外草坪草种在我国的引种评价结果表明:冷季型草坪草中抗寒性强的草种或品种,如紫羊茅、草地早熟禾、匍匐翦股颖的一些品种适宜于青藏高原、寒冷半干旱、寒冷潮湿、寒冷干旱带;抗热性强的冷季型品种,如高羊茅、草地早熟禾中的一些品种,耐低温的暖季型草种或品种,如狗牙根、杂交狗牙根、马尼拉、结缕草适宜于南、北过渡带;云贵高原带和温暖潮湿带适宜于大多数冷季型和暖季型草坪草生长发育;在热带、亚热带冷季型草基本不能适应,而多数暖季型草坪草适应性良好。     

6种草坪草叶片的气孔特征与气孔传导力

野牛草Buchloe daclyloides,结缕草Zoysica sinica和狗牙根Crnodon dactylon叶片的气孔呈卵圆形,长宽比小于2.5,狗牙根和野牛草叶片气孔上覆有腊质.早熟禾Poa pratensis,黑麦草Lolium perenne和苇状羊茅Festuca aroundinacea叶片的气孔呈椭圆形,长宽比大于2.5.3种冷季型草坪草叶片的气孔孔径大于暖季型草的,而气孔的密度暖季型草的则比冷季型草的大.冷季型草的气孔传导力1 d中有2个高峰,而暖季型草为单峰型,早熟禾和结缕草的气孔传导力比其他4种草要小,气孔传导力越大则意味着蒸腾耗水越多,因为气孔开放程度越大.     

草坪草引种栽培研究现状及存在的问题

对我国草坪草引种现状进行了综述，总结了冷季型、暖季型草坪草在不同地区引种栽培研究的成果，分析了我国草坪草引种存在的一些主要问题，并对此提出了几点建议。     

草坪草引种栽培研究现状及存在的问题

对我国草坪草引种现状进行了综述，总结了冷季型、暖季型草坪草在不同地区引种栽培研究的成果，分析了我国草坪草引种存在的一些主要问题，并对此提出了几点建议。     

交播技术在园林草坪养护中的应用研究

在过渡气候带的园林绿地，进行了暖季型草坪秋季交播多年生黑麦草籽的应用试验，结果表明：交播技术可用于马尼拉、狗牙根和矮生百慕大等暖季型草坪上，交播时间宜在10月底前进行，交播种子用量多年生黑麦草以20－30g/m^2为宜。     

草坪过渡带优质草坪建植与管理综合技术研究—Ⅰ坪床配方

根据在草坪过渡带地区草坪草对床上要求较为严格和不同类型草坪草对床土要求不同的特点,选用２种冷季型草和２种暖季型草,在８种坪床配方处理下进行了连续３年的坪床配方筛选及对草坪质量的影响试验研究,测定再生速度,建坪速度和持续生存能力。结果表明：冷,暖季型草坪草的坪床配方均以４０％－６０％加沙＋复合化肥＝有机底肥＋泥炭为最好;床土中加入有机底肥和泥炭会明显提高草坪的质量和成坪速度;实际建坪时应根据草种类型     

过渡地带建植常绿草坪的探讨

过渡地带草坪建植面临两难的选择,可选用冷季型草,也可选用暖季型草,但均不理想.综合分析认为,暖季型草坪草中的结缕草和冷季型草坪草中的高羊茅为过渡地带建坪的首选草种.解决过渡地带结缕草冬季枯黄问题采取2种途径:一种是在每年秋季盖播黑麦草、粗茎早熟禾或匍匐紫羊茅等冷季型草形成过渡性的季节草坪;另一种是与高羊茅混植建立稳定的持久性草坪.后一种途径其技术目前尚未成熟,仍处于研究探索阶段.     

湖北江汉平原冷季型草坪草的抗性研究

对湖北江汉平原引种的24个冷季型草坪草(品)种,包括8个高羊茅Festuca arundinacea 品种,12个草地早熟禾Poa pratensis 品种和4个多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne 品种的抗旱性、抗病性和抗虫性进行评定,分别筛选出一些单一抗性及综合抗性表现优良的草坪草品种,为冷季型草坪草在我国冷、暖季型草坪草种的过渡带地区的建坪和管理提供依据.     

草坪草抗锈病遗传育种研究进展

锈病是草坪草上常见的一类气传真茵病害,主要危害禾草的叶片和叶鞘.本研究以主要的冷季型草坪草,如[高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、黑麦草(Lolium spp.)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)]等,与暖季型草坪草,如[狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)和结缕草(Zoysia spp....     

草坪蒸散量及水分管理的研究

对高羊茅、草地早熟禾、野牛草和结缕草的蒸散量以及水分管理的研究表明:在生长季节4种草坪水分蒸散规律均为"双峰型",5月和8月是2个高峰期;高羊茅2001年总蒸散量为831.28mm,2002年849.33mm,较草地早熟禾(734.51mm和764.37mm)高11.5%;野牛草和结缕草差异不显著,分别为609.82mm和612.10mm;冷季型和暖季型草坪的总蒸散量差异显著(P＜0.05),其中高羊茅＞草地早熟禾＞野牛草=结缕草;4种草坪草夏季日蒸散量均处于较低水平;生长季需要补充的灌溉水在2001年高羊茅为621.34mm,草地早熟禾为543.88mm;2002年高羊茅为536.85mm,草地早熟禾466.13mm,野牛草332.16mm,结缕草326.65mm;降水量的年际波动造成2年的灌溉需水量差异较大.     

土壤铜污染对5种草坪草生长指标的影响

通过模拟土壤铜污染处理,对2种暖季型(狗牙根Cynodon dactylon、结缕草Zoysia matrella)和3种冷季型(高羊茅Festuca arundinacea、草地早熟禾Poa pratensis、多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne)草坪草种的生长指标进行了分析.结果表明:铜污染处理对狗牙根草坪的地上部分叶片生长量的影响不显著,对根系生长量和叶绿素含量的影响也明显小于结缕草;铜污染处理未引起冷季型草坪的叶绿素含量的下降,对高羊茅草坪的密度影响不显著,对叶片生长量的影响也明显小于草地早熟禾和多年生黑麦草,而草地早熟禾虽然叶片生长受到了严重的抑制,但根系生长未受到显著影响,也表现出了对土壤铜污染的一定的耐性.因此,铜污染土壤的植被恢复和绿化可以选用暖季型的狗牙根草种或者冷季型的高羊茅或草地早熟禾草种.     

基于ArcGIS的中国草坪生态气候区划研究

气候是影响草坪草生长发育的动态综合环境因素,草坪生态气候区划对我国草坪业发展具有重要的作用。本研究选择年均温、年均降水量、7月平均温度、1月平均温度、7月湿度、1月湿度6项气象指标作为依据,制定中国草坪气候区划表。在ArcGIS软件中完成中国草坪生态气候区划图。本研究将我国划分成9个草坪生态气候带,分别为青藏高原带、寒冷半干旱带、寒冷潮湿带、寒冷干旱带、北过渡带、云贵高原带、南过渡带、温暖潮湿带和热带亚热带。其中,云贵高原带、温暖潮湿带和热带亚热带最适合种植暖季型草坪草,寒冷潮湿带气候适宜冷季型草坪草,青藏高原带、寒冷半干旱带和寒冷干旱带的草坪业发展需要解决草坪草抗旱的问题,南北过渡带则需要培育优秀的草坪草品种及开发先进的养护技术。     

硅对磨损胁迫下狗牙根和结缕草表观质量与生理代谢的影响

为探究外源硅对磨损胁迫下的暖季型草坪草表观质量和生理代谢的影响,本研究以狗牙根属的Tifgreen杂交狗牙根和普通狗牙根,结缕草属的兰引Ⅲ号结缕草和青岛结缕草为对象,设置对照和施外源硅两组,进行不磨损处理和磨损处理,并测量其表观质量指标和生理指标。结果表明,外源硅可以通过促进狗牙根和结缕草的分蘖和生长,以及降低叶片丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量和相对电导率,同时提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性和可溶性糖含量,一定程度上减轻磨损胁迫对狗牙根和结缕草生长的影响。综合比较表观质量指标和生理指标的变化,外源硅能够一定程度上提高狗牙根和结缕草的耐磨损性,其中对提高狗牙根的耐磨损性效果更好。     

Vegetation Production Responses to October Grazing in the Nebraska Sandhills

Understanding the long-term effect of summer grazing date and fall stocking rate on herbage production is critical to extending the grazing season in the Nebraska Sandhills. A study was conducted from 1997 to 2002 at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory located near Whitman, Nebraska, to determine the herbage production response to summer grazing date and October stocking rate on two different sites. Site 1 was dominated by warm-season grasses and site 2 was dominated by cool-season graminoids. At each site, three 0.37-ha pastures were constructed in each of four blocks before application of summer grazing treatments. Pastures in each block were grazed at 0.5 animal-unit months (AUM) · ha^?1 in June or July, or were deferred from summer grazing. Following summer grazing treatments, October stocking rate treatments (no grazing or 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 AUM · ha^?1) were applied to subunits of each summer grazing date pasture during mid-October. Vegetation was sampled in each pasture in mid-June and mid-August and sorted by functional group to determine the effect of 5 yr of grazing treatments on herbage production and residual herbage. Herbage production was not affected by summer or October grazing treatments on the warm-season grass–dominated site. Increasing October stocking rate, however, reduced cool-season graminoid production and subsequent herbage production 25% by year 5 of the study. Residual herbage at both sites at the end of the October grazing periods explained as much as 16% to 34% of subsequent year’s herbage production. Grazing managers in the Nebraska Sandhills can extend the grazing season by lightly stocking pastures in the summer to facilitate additional fall grazing. Heavy stocking in October over several years on cool-season–, but not warm-season–, dominated sites will reduce production of cool-season graminoids on these sites.     

Spring Clipping,Fire, and Simulated Increased Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Tallgrass Prairie Vegetation

Defoliation aimed at introduced cool-season grasses, which uses similar resources of native grasses, could substantially reduce their competitiveness and improve the quality of the northern tallgrass prairie. The objective was to evaluate the use of early season clipping and fire in conjunction with simulated increased levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on foliar canopy cover of tallgrass prairie vegetation. This study was conducted from 2009 to 2012 at two locations in eastern South Dakota. Small plots arranged in a split-plot treatment design were randomized in four complete blocks on a warm-season grass interseeded and a native prairie site in east-central South Dakota. The whole plot consisted of seven treatments: annual clip, biennial clip, triennial clip, annual fire, biennial fire, triennial fire, and undefoliated control. The clip plots consisted of weekly clipping in May to simulate heavy grazing. Fire was applied in late April or early May. The subplot consisted of nitrogen applied at 0 or 15 kg N · ha^?1 in early June. All treatments were initially applied in 2009. Biennial and triennial treatments were reapplied in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Canopy cover of species/major plant functional groups was estimated in late August/early September. Annual clipping was just as effective as annual fire in increasing native warm-season grass and decreasing introduced cool-season grass cover. Annual defoliation resulted in greater native warm-season grass cover, less introduced cool-season grass cover, and less native cool-season grass cover than biennial or triennial defoliation applications. Low levels of nitrogen did not affect native warm-season grass or introduced cool-season cover for any of the defoliation treatments, but it increased introduced cool-season grass cover in the undefoliated control at the native prairie site. This study supports the hypothesis that appropriately applied management results in consistent desired outcomes regardless of increased simulated atmospheric nitrogen depositions.     

铅胁迫对三种暖季型草坪草生长和生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了铅胁迫对假俭草、狗牙根与结缕草3种暖季型草坪草生长和生理特性的影响。通过向土壤中添加不同浓度的铅,研究铅积累对草坪外观质量、生物量、相对含水量、叶片电导率、叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响。实验结果表明,随着铅胁迫浓度的增加,3种草坪草外观质量、根系生物量、相对含水量及叶绿素含量同对照相比均显著下降,地上部生物量下降幅度相对较小,而叶片中的电导率显著增加。不同浓度铅胁迫下,3种草内3种保护酶的反应程度不同。 在各个铅胁迫水平下,假俭草叶片SOD活性逐渐升高,在20 d时达到最大值;CAT活性自处理后5 d时相比对照显著升高,此后基本维持在同一水平;而只有在2000和4000 mg/kg铅胁迫水平下,POD活性显著升高,处理后25 d时达到最大值。狗牙根在各胁迫水平下,SOD活性自处理后5 d时均升高,25 d时骤升至最大值;在15 d时CAT活性达到最大值; POD活性均呈现上升趋势。结缕草叶片SOD活性在最高胁迫水平下处理5 d后急剧升高,15 d时达到最大值;POD活性均呈现先上升后降低的趋势,25 d时达到最大值;CAT活性先升高后降低,在15 d时达到最大值。对照3种草坪草对铅胁迫的响应变化具有差异,通过分析得出3种草坪草对铅抗性能力依次排序为:狗牙根>结缕草>假俭草。