猪囊尾蚴头节单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

为制备抗猪囊尾蚴头节单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究采用纯化的猪囊尾蚴头节(Cysticercus Cellulosae Scolex)作为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤细胞技术,获得3株分泌抗猪囊尾蚴头节MAb的杂交瘤细胞系(分别命名为2C6、3A5和4G10)。对这3株MAb进行生物学特性鉴定,其染色体平均记数为92±10对,经间接ELISA检测腹水效价分别为1:12800、1:6400和1:25600。亚类鉴定证实,这3株亚类均为IgG1型。Westernblot检测表明,3株纯化的MAb均可与猪囊尾蚴头节抗原发生特异反应;而与猪囊尾蚴囊壁和囊液抗原均不发生反应。本研究获得的3株MAb为猪囊尾蚴病免疫学诊断研究奠定技术基础。     

旋毛虫53kuES重组蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫金标试纸条的研制

为建立一种简易、快速检测动物血清中的旋毛虫排泄分泌(Excretory-secretory,ES)抗原的胶体金免疫层析试纸法,本研究选用旋毛虫53 ku ES重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤细胞技术制备单克隆抗体(MAb).利用辛酸-饱和硫酸铵法和亲和层析柱联合法纯化MAb及兔抗旋毛虫53 ku ES多克隆抗体,利用枸橼酸三钠还原法制备的胶体金颗粒标记MAb,制备免疫金标试纸条.结果表明,获得的2株IgG1型杂交瘤细胞系4D10和5A2能够稳定分泌抗体,且效价高;胶体金标记MAb 4D10所制备的试纸条具有重复性好、灵敏性和特异性高的优点;该试纸条4℃条件下可密封保存6个月以上.     

本地毛形线虫49 Ku ES重组蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

采用纯化的本地毛形线虫49KuES重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,筛选分泌高滴度McAb的杂交瘤细胞株制备腹水。获得两株稳定分泌抗重组蛋白McAb的杂交瘤细胞株D5和C1。试剂盒鉴定两株McAb均属IgM亚类,其轻链均为K链;间接ELISA检测细胞培养液上清和腹水效价,结果显示,两株细胞培养液上清均达到1∶1.28×10~3,腹水效价均达到1∶1.28×10~4;Westetrn blot结果表明,获得的两株McAb均能特异性的识别约49Ku处的ES抗原;间接ELISA结果显示两株McAb与日本血吸虫成虫、猪囊尾蚴囊液、猪蛔虫、猪鞭虫抗原均无交叉反应,表明两株McAb特异性良好。     

抗猪附红细胞体单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

为了制备特异的抗猪附红细胞体单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,MAb),将纯化的猪附红细胞体抗原浓缩后免疫6周龄BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤细胞技术制备MAb。制备的MAb分别通过抗体亚类试剂盒、Western blot进行单抗亚类和特异性检测。结果显示,共获得了2株能稳定分泌MAb的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为3F7和2C4。2株MAb的亚型均为IgG2a,其腹水效价分别可达1:16 000和1:14 000。特异性检测表明,2株MAb均能特异性地与猪附红细胞体结合,而与弓形虫、猪链球菌、猪肺炎支原体和猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒均无反应。2株MAb的获得有望为猪附红细胞体病的诊断和防治提供新的材料。     

抗猪SIgA SC片段单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为获得抗猪分泌型IgA(SIgA)的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究以纯化的SIgA蛋白为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,通过间接ELISA方法筛选出1株稳定分泌抗SIgA SC片段的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为2F9。MAb亚类鉴定结果显示其亚类为IgG1/κ链。杂交瘤细胞培养上清液和腹水的效价分别为1∶200和1∶16 000。Western blot鉴定显示该MAb能够识别天然SIgA蛋白;IFA显示该MAb可以识别真核细胞表达的SIgA SC蛋白。抗猪SIgA SC片段的MAb制备,为建立一系列猪消化道病原的特异性SIgA诊断方法及研究黏膜免疫提供了重要工具,具有广阔的应用前景。     

猪圆环病毒2型Rep’蛋白单克隆抗体制备及其抗原表位鉴定

为制备猪圆环病毒2型Rep’蛋白单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究采用淋巴细胞瘤杂交技术制备其MAb,获得了1株能够稳定分泌抗PCV2-Rep’蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为3D1株。MAb亚类鉴定为IgG1/κ型,腹水效价达1∶819 200。Western blot分析表明,该MAb可与重组杆状病毒表达的PCV2-rRep’和PCV2-rRep蛋白发生特异性反应,具有良好的特异性和反应原性。采用MAb对PCV2感染细胞中Rep’蛋白抗原性进行了鉴定,证明该MAb能够与病毒Rep’蛋白产生特异性反应。采用合成肽扫描法对MAb对应的抗原表位鉴定,其核心序列为61FANFVKKQTFNKV73,位于PCV2-Rep’蛋白的N末端。制备的MAb及其抗原表位鉴定,为该病毒分子生物学及诊断技术的研究奠定了基础。     

抗牛边缘无浆体MSP5单克隆抗体的制备

为制备抗牛边缘无浆体膜表面蛋白(MSP5)单克隆抗体(MAb),以原核表达的重组MSP5蛋白(rMSP5)免疫BALB/c鼠,应用常规杂交瘤技术获得2株能稳定分泌特异性MAb的杂交瘤细胞株(1D8和2F3).间接ELISA检测腹水效价分别为5.49×105和7.83×104,亚类鉴定其重链为分别为IgG2b和1gG2a,轻链均为K型;ELISA叠加试验表明这2株MAb识别的抗原位点相同或相近;Western blot结果显示2株MAb均能与rMSP5发生反应.特异性抗MSP5的MAb的获得,为牛边缘无浆体检测奠定了基础.     

A组猪轮状病毒NSP3蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及抗原表位鉴定

为制备A组猪轮状病毒(Po RV)非结构蛋白NSP3的单克隆抗体(MAb)及鉴定其抗原表位,本研究将原核表达、纯化的重组NSP3蛋白(r NSP3)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA法筛选,得到一株能够稳定分泌抗Po RV(G9)的杂交瘤细胞株(5B8)。MAb鉴定结果显示其抗体亚类为Ig G1型;MAb细胞培养上清液效价为1∶103,western blot及间接免疫荧光结果表明该株MAb能够与Po RV反应。对NSP3蛋白进行截短表达,采用western blot试验确定所获得的MAb识别的抗原表位区域序列为290QDYD RTFL297。该MAb的制备为进一步研究NSP3蛋白的结构和功能奠定了良好的基础。     

美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP4蛋白中和活性单克隆抗体制备及其抗原表位鉴定

为制备具有中和活性的抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的单克隆抗体(MAb)并鉴定其抗原表位,本研究利用PRRSVSD53株的超离病毒作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠并进行细胞融合。采用PRRSVSD53株和真核表达的PRRSV各结构蛋白作为检测抗原,应用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)筛选到一株稳定分泌抗SD53株GP4蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株(LM26)。抗体亚类鉴定其为IgG2a,轻链为κ链。原核表达一系列截短的GP4蛋白鉴定LM26的抗原表位结果显示,LM26识别的抗原表位序列为57VVLQDI^62,此抗原表位在美洲型PRRSV中相对保守。病毒中和试验结果显示,MAb LM26仅针对PRRSV SD53株具有中和活性,中和效价最高为1∶50,对其它美洲株PRRSV均不具有中和活性。该MAb的制备为进一步研究PRRSVGP4蛋白的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒NSP5蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及抗原表位鉴定

为制备猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)NSP5蛋白的单抗隆抗体(MAb)及鉴定其抗原表位,本研究以原核表达并纯化的重组NSP5蛋白(r NSP5-GST)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0细胞进行融合,通过间接ELISA方法筛出一株稳定分泌抗TGEV NSP5蛋白的MAb杂交瘤细胞株(5C3)。MAb亚类鉴定结果显示其抗体亚类为Ig G1/κ链。杂交瘤细胞培养上清液和腹水的效价分别为1∶6 400和1∶105。Western blot鉴定表明该MAb能够识别原核及真核表达的NSP5重组蛋白。利用肽扫描法鉴定显示,该MAb识别的抗原表位为286EFTPTEVIR QMYGVN300。本研究制备的MAb及其抗原表位的鉴定,为TGEV NSP5蛋白结构和功能的研究奠定了基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …