Insulin-like growth factor-I cDNA cloning,gene expression and potential use as a growth rate indicator in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

IGF-I is a mitogenic polypeptide that is an important regulator of growth in fish. The potential of IGF-I mRNA abundance as a rapid growth indicator in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was evaluated. Hepatic IGF-I cDNA was isolated and partially cloned. The partial sequence having 539 bases encodes for the signal peptide, mature protein and a portion of the E domain. The deduced 68 amino acid sequence for mature IGF-I showed 84–90% and 77–79% sequence identity with fish and mammalian counterparts, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence for domains B and A was most conserved (93–97%) relative to other fishes. A sensitive TaqMan real time qRT-PCR assay for O. niloticus was developed based on the mature IGF-I peptide for measures of hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels were found to be significantly correlated with growth rate of fish reared under different feeding regimes and temperature conditions. Higher feed consumption and water temperature produced faster-growing fish and increased hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression. These findings suggest that hepatic-derived IGF-I plays a key role in controlling growth in O. niloticus and indicates that IGF-I mRNA quantification could prove useful for the rapid assessment of growth rate in this species.     

哲罗鲑胰岛素样生长因子-I的原核表达及活性鉴定

为进一步了解哲罗鲑IGF-I,实验采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,从哲罗鲑肝脏的总RNA中扩增出胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)的c DNA开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)序列。利用原核表达载体p S构建重组表达质粒(IGF-I/p S),并将其转化到宿主大肠杆菌Rosetta后经IPTG诱导获得重组哲罗鲑IGF-I蛋白。经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,在35~50 ku有条带与预期相符,且重组蛋白以包涵体的形式存在。包涵体经变性/复性实验后,获得纯化的IGF-I融合蛋白。ELISA鉴定结果显示,目的蛋白能特异性识别抗鱼类IGF-I抗体,表明获得了具有免疫活性的哲罗鲑IGF-I蛋白。细胞增殖实验(MTT法)结果显示,重组IGF-I蛋白对大麻哈鱼胚胎细胞(CHSE-214)、鲤上皮细胞(EPC)及虹鳟性腺细胞(RTG-2)均有显著促增殖作用,表明获得的重组IGF-I蛋白具有细胞水平的生物活性。本研究为深入了解IGF-I在哲罗鲑生长发育中的调控机制及绿色高效促生长制剂的研发奠定基础。     

Molecular cloning of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I from triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis)

Triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) IGF-I DNA and gene were cloned from triangular bream liver for the first time by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis indicated that the IGF-I cDNA consisted of 486 nucleotides encoding 117 amino acids which spanned the complete signal peptide, B, C, A, D and E domains. Analysis of the E domain indicated that triangular bream IGF-I belongs to the IGF-I Ea-2 subtype. Compared to bluntnose bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), another member of the same Megalobrama genus, triangular bream IGF-I shared 99.8% identity in cDNA sequence and 99.4% in predicted amino acid sequence. However, considerable differences were found in comparison to with common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), which are members of the same family but of a different genus. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

哲罗鲑胰岛素样生长因子－I（IGF－I）cDNA 分子克隆、序列分析及组织表达

采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）方法,从哲罗鲑（Hucho taimen）肝脏的总 RNA 中扩增出胰岛素样生长因子－I（IGF－I）的 cDNA 开放阅读框（Open reading frame, ORF）序列,运用软件对其进行生物信息学分析,并利用荧光实时定量 PCR 技术检测了哲罗鲑成鱼不同组织中 IGF－I mRNA 的表达情况。结果显示, IGF－I 基因的 cD－NA 开放阅读框为573 bp,编码190个氨基酸,蛋白质等电点为9．21,氨基酸结构由信号肽、 B、 C、 A、 D 结构域及 E 肽组成;氨基酸序列与其他鲑科鱼类具有较高的同源性,其中与北极红点鲑的 IGF－I 同源性最高（99．2％）;组织表达分析显示,哲罗鲑 IGF－I mRNA 在肝脏中表达量最高,在鳃、前肠中次之,在脑、头肾、脾、心、胃和肌肉等组织中的表达量较低。     

全氟辛烷磺酸类物质对剑尾鱼Cu/Zn-SOD及相关应激基因表达的影响

研究全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)暴露对剑尾鱼肝脏Cu/Zn-SOD及相关应激基因表达的影响,探讨筛选导致体内氧化应激反应的敏感生物标志物,并首次克隆和分析剑尾鱼Cu/Zn-SOD的cDNA全序列。实验将剑尾鱼随机分为5组,包括对照组和3.5、7.0、14.0和28.0mg/L等4个PFOS实验暴露组,同时设置平行组。定量测定了24 h、48 h、96 h和14 d肝脏组织中的Cu/Zn-SOD、HSP70-1、HSP70-2和GST mRNA表达水平的变化,成功克隆包含794 bp核苷酸和编码154个氨基酸的剑尾鱼Cu/Zn-SOD的cDNA全序列。通过与其他相关鱼类Cu/Zn-SOD的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相似性比较发现,核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别达到77%~83%和79%~88%。高浓度PFOS暴露后,剑尾鱼肝脏中与应激相关的各种基因发生不同程度的变化。通过RT-PCR技术检测Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA表达在剂量效应上不显著,Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA表达和SOD活性之间并没有相关性,推断是其他类型的SOD基因在PFOS暴露下发挥更为重要的作用。随着暴露时间的持续延长,Cu/Zn-SOD基因的转录水平变化趋势与SOD活性变化及HSP70-1 mRNA表达相一致,表明HSP70通过提高剑尾鱼体内SOD水平以保护机体免受氧化损伤。HSP70-2 mRNA水平比HSP70-1 mRNA表达更加敏感。HSP70-2变化趋势与Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA表达相关性不强,其相关机制有待进一步研究。G ST mRNA表达呈不断上升趋势,这与Nrf2信号传导途径有关,也可能是机体在应对PFOS进入鱼体后的一种防御措施。剑尾鱼在体实验表明,PFOS能够诱导肝脏氧化应激反应,GST mRNA和HSP70-2 mRNA表达可以作为PFOS暴露的敏感生物标志物。     

Expression of recombinant triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) pre-IGF-I in Escherichia coli

The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) cDNA (GenBank Accession No. AY247412) of triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) was expressed for the first time in Escherichia coli. To construct the expression plasmid, the IGF-I cDNA was subcloned into prokaryotic-expressing vector pGEX-4T-1. The E.coli JM109 was transformed with the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-IGF-I, and the transgene expression was observed after being induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). The results of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting indicated that the recombinant fusion protein had immune activity and the molecular weight was about 47 kDa. The results of SDS-PAGE and thin layer scanning showed that the yield of fusion protein had been enlarged with prolonging time. When the time of induced expression was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h, the expression amount was approximately 1.4, 4.3, 8.1, 11.3, 16.3 and 18.8% of total bacterial protein respectively.     

Nucleotide sequence and mRNA expression analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-actin gene in the orange-spotted grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus coioides</Emphasis>

The full-length cDNA, encoding the orange-spotted grouper β-actin and spanning 1920 bp including a poly (A) tail, was cloned from its brain cDNA library. The open reading frame encodes a protein of 375 amino acids. Sequence analysis indicated that it contained the typical structural features of cytoplasmic actins, and showed higher homology with other vertebrate β-actin than any other members of the actin family. The partial genomic sequence indicated that the organization of the β-actin gene in the orange-spotted grouper might also be conserved. Northern blot analysis indicated that it was expressed at high levels in the brain, spleen, adipose tissue, ovary, and liver, but at low levels in the gill filament and heart, and at a very low level in the kidney. The expression of β-actin gene in the skeletal muscle was barely detectable. These results indicated that the expression of the orange-spotted grouper β-actin gene showed significant variation in different tissues. Therefore, caution should be taken when using β-actin gene as an internal control in the normalization of gene expression among tissues. Whereas, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that treatment with 17α–methyltestosterone (MT) had little effect on the mRNA expression of β-actin gene in the in vitro incubated hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary fragments of the orange-spotted grouper, suggesting β-actin can be used as an internal control for RT-PCR analysis of MT effects on gene expression in these tissues.     

黄河鲤酪氨酸酶基因的克隆、表达模式及定位分析

为探究Tyrosinase(Tyr)基因在黄河鲤体色形成中的作用,利用生物显微镜对黄河鲤黑色鳞片、银色鳞片、鳍条色素细胞的组成进行观察,并利用RACE克隆黄河鲤Tyr基因全长cDNA序列,荧光定量PCR分析其在不同组织中的表达情况,Western blot印迹和免疫组织化学方法检测其蛋白的表达定位。结果显示,黄河鲤具有黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞和虹彩细胞3种色素细胞,3种色素细胞的数量、种类和分布在不同组织中存在较大差异。黄河鲤Tyr基因cDNA全长1717 bp(GenBank ID:No.KY305667),其中ORF长1605 bp,编码535个氨基酸,5′-UTR区41 bp,3′-UTR区71 bp。蛋白同源分析发现,黄河鲤Tyr与鲤科鱼类相似性最高,与哺乳类及鸟类等脊椎动物相似性最低。系统进化分析显示,黄河鲤Tyr与鲤、瓯江彩鲤、锦鲤和斑马鱼等鲤科鱼类的亲缘关系最近。实时定量PCR分析表明,Tyr基因在黄河鲤不同组织中均有表达,肌肉中的表达量最高,其次是黑色皮肤,另外在黄色皮肤、臀鳍和尾鳍等黑色素细胞存在的组织中也有较高表达。Western blot印迹结果显示,Tyr基因在黑色皮肤中表达最高,其次是臀鳍和尾鳍,银色皮肤中没有表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,Tyr基因在黑色皮肤的黑色素细胞和黏液细胞中有表达。研究表明,Tyr基因表达水平与黑色素细胞数量和分布具有一定相关性,参与黄河鲤体色的形成。     

拟穴青蟹丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶（MAPKK）基因的克隆与表达分析

采用qRT-PCR、RACE等方法,获得了拟穴青蟹丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(MAPKK)基因cDNA全长序列。该基因全长1 558 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 224 bp,编码407个氨基酸残基。同源分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白与昆虫的相似性高达70%,推测MAPKK基因在节肢动物具有较高的保守性。经荧光定量PCR检测,MAPKK基因在拟穴青蟹多个组织中有表达,且在脑神经节和卵巢中表达量较高。在拟穴青蟹卵巢发育过程中,MAPKK基因在卵巢发育期(Ⅲ期)表达量最高,发育期为卵母细胞快速生长期,推测MAPKK具有促进卵母细胞快速生长的作用。     

Cloning of a second variant of somatolactin-encoding cDNA from the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata

cDNA clones which include coding sequences of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) somatolactin (SL) have been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from seabream pituitary gland poly (A)⁺ RNA. Flounder – SL cDNA was used as a hybridization probe. The complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of the seabream somatolactin has been determined. The clone encodes a polypeptide of 231 amino acid (aa) residues including 24 amino acid residues of signal peptide. Northern blot hybridization detected one band of approximately 1.8 kb mRNA. By comparing the sequences of this SL cDNA to the one recently published, it is suggested that two variants of the SL exist in seabream. By comparing the sequences of the aa of SL to the deduced aa sequences, it is possible that even a third variant of SL exists in this species.     

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

A full-length cDNA encoding the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was cloned from the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by RT-PCR. The IGFBP-3 cDNA sequence is 1,680 bp long and has an open reading frame of 882 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 293 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acid residues resulting in a mature protein of 268 amino acids. A single band of approximate 1.9 kb was found in liver by Northern blot analysis. IGFBP-3 mRNA was observed in all regions of brain with high levels. In peripheral tissues, high levels of IGFBP-3 mRNA were found in retina, red muscle, liver, heart, posterior intestine, spleen, and testis. Relatively lower levels were found in white muscle, kidney, thymus gland, and ovary, while in head kidney, blood, skin, gill, middle intestine, and anterior intestine, the IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were much lower. IGFBP-3 mRNA was first detected in the blastula stage with significantly high level. The level sharply decreased in gastrula stage, and it became to increase in the following stages. During the reproductive cycle, the abundance of IGFBP-3 mRNA significantly decreased between the recrudescing stage and the matured stage in ovary, although in testis, IGFBP-3 mRNA expression level did not exhibit a significant change. The mRNA expression profiles in the present study imply that the IGFBP-3 may play important physiological functions in common carp development and reproduction.     

Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone in the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and preparation of its recombinant peptide using an E. coli expression system

The cDNA encoding a precursor of Liv-SGP-G, the most abundant crustacean hyperglycemic hormone-family peptide in the sinus gland of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, was cloned by RT-PCR coupled with 5′- and 3′-RACE. The determined cDNA sequence consisted of 621 nucleotides comprising a 69-bp 5′-untranslated region, a 357-bp open reading frame, and a 195-bp 3′-untranslated region. The deduced sequence of 72 amino acid residues corresponding to mature Liv-SGP-G was completely identical to that of natural Liv-SGP-G, determined in our previous study. The recombinant Liv-SGP-G was thereafter heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and its vitellogenesis-inhibiting activity in ex vivo cultured ovarian fragments was examined. The recombinant peptides inhibited vitellogenin gene expression with almost the same efficacy as that of natural Liv-SGP-G purified from sinus glands.