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Hazmi Awang Damit ;Fauziah Ismail ;Low Seng Mook ;Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip ;Mohd Rasdi Zaini ;Fairuz Khalid ;Kamaruzaman Jusoff 《农业科学与技术》2009,(4):32-39
Bemisia tabaci is one of serious insect pests attacking vegetables and has been difficult to control using conventional insecticides. In the past 10 years, new insecticides have been introduced that provide a diversity of novel modes of action and routes of activity to effectively control whitefly. Consequently, intensive used of insecticides in vegetable cultivation has resulted in reduced susceptibility and develops resistance in agriculture industry. In controlling B. tabaci population, insecticides are the common method used by farmers. This study aimed to determine the most effective insecticide against B tabaci by using LC5o value. This study was conducted at the Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia with the controlled room temperature of 24.33 ± 0.14℃ with dark and light ratio of 1：1 （12 hours： 12 hours） is an ideal condition for rearing the insect. The hypothesis of the study is to test if insecticides can control the nymph of whitefly. A total of 50 two-day-old nymphs were treated with insecticides using leaf-dip bioassay procedure. This experiment was replicated three times. The survival rates of the nymphs were analyzed using analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Data on toxicity was analyzed by a special Probit Programme-Single Line Analysis based on Finney （1971）. There was a significant difference （df = 8, F = 85.84, P = 0.000） in survival rate of nymph ofB. tabaci to eight insecticides tested. Among the insecticides tested, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos ＋ cypermethrin and diafenthiuron showed significantly higher survival rate of nymph compared to other treatments. When LC50 values were compared for diafenthiuron which is less potent （LCs0 ---- 2.44）, abamectin was found to be 3.44 times more potent than diafenthiuron, followed by esfenvalerate,acetamiprid, profenofos, chlorpyrifos ＋ cypermethrin and dimethoate, and the least potent was deltamethrin. The toxicity of eight insecticides tested against nymphs was in the following 相似文献
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Comparative Analysis of Population Genetic Structure in Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） Biotypes B and Q Based on ISSR Marker 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotypes B and Q are two invasive biotypes in the species complex. The comparison of the population genetic structure of the two biotypes is of significance to show their invasive mechanism and to their control. The intersimple sequence repeats （ISSR） marker was used to analyze the 16 B-biotype populations and 4 Q-biotype populations worldwide with a Trialeurodes vaporariorum population in Shanxi Province, China, and a B. tabaci non-B/Qbiotype population in Zhejiang Province, China, was used as control populations. The analysis of genetic diversity showed that the diversity indexes of biotype Q including Nei＇s gene diversity index, Shannon informative index, and the percentage of polymorphic loci were higher than those of biotype B. The high genetic diversity of biotype Q might provide the genetic basis for the excellent ecological adaptation. Cluster analysis suggested that the ISSR could not be used in the phylogenetic analysis though it could easily distinguish the biotypes of B. tabaci. The difference of the population genetic structure between the biotype B and the biotype Q exists based on the ISSR marker. Meanwhile, the results suggested that the molecular marker has its limitation in the phylogenetic analysis among the biotypes of B. tabaci. 相似文献
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In this study, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO）, and peroxidase （POD） were assayed in cucumber seedlings （Cucumis sativus L.） at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after they were infested by Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） using spectrophotometric analysis. The results indicated that herbivore infestation increased the activities of PAL, PPO, and POD. The enzymes showed different activity levels at different times after the infestation. The PAL activity reached the first high peak by 23.1% at 6 h and the highest peak by 29.1% at 48 h compared to the control. The PPO activity reached the first high peak by 22.7% at 6 h and the highest peak by 52.6% at 24 h, and the POD activity reached the highest peak by 213.2% at 6 h and another higher peak value by 135.2% at 96 h. The results suggest that the enhanced activities of the enzymes may contribute to bioprotection of cucumber plants against B. tabaci infestation. 相似文献
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Cotton yield per unit ground area has stagnated for a dozen years in Hubei Province, China, although a series of new high- yielding varieties have been commercialized. A multi-location investigation was carried out in 2008 and 2009 in 13 counties to determine if increased planting population density （PPD） would break the stagnant yield. The results showed that significant differences among the fields existed in theoretical yield, PPD, and bolls per square meter （BPM）. The lowest yield of 1 641.1 kg ha-I was resulted from the lowest PPD of 1.7 plants m-2 and the lowest BPM of 71.8 bolls m-2, while the highest yield of 2 779.7 kg ha-~ was resulted from the highest PPD of 2.5 plants m-2, and the highest BPM of 129.4 bolls m-z. Plant mapping revealed that boll retention rate （BRR） was maintained over 30 or 40% for the first 17-18 fruiting branches （FBs） and decreased dramatically thereafter, rotten boll rate （RBR） decreased, but open boll rate （OBR） rose first and dropped later with rising FB from the bottom to the top. But BRR, RBR, and OBR were all dropped with the fruiting positions （FPs） extending outwards. The optimum range of plant density would be 2-3 plants m-2 and the proper individual plant structure would be 16-19 FBs with 5-7 FPs for cotton production in Hubei Province. 相似文献
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The density seasonal dynamics of Bemisia tabaci MED were evaluated over two years in a cotton-growing area in Langfang, Hebei Province, northern China on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and six other co-occurring common plants, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), piemarker (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and maize (Zea mays L.). The whitefly species identity was repeatedly tested and confirmed; seasonal dynamics on the various host plants were standardized by the quartile method. B. tabaci MED appeared on weeds (the common ragweed and piemarker) about 10 days earlier than on cotton, or the other cultivated plants. The peak population densities were observed over a span of 2 to 3 weeks on cotton, starting in early (2010) or mid-August (2011). The common ragweed growing adjacent to cotton supported the highest B. tabaci densities (no. on 100 cm2 leaf surface), 12-22 fold higher than on cotton itself. Sunflower supported more B. tabaci than the other plants, and about 1.5-2 fold higher than cotton did. Our results indicate that weeds (esp. the common ragweed) around cotton fields could increase the population density of B. tabaci MED on cotton, while sunflower could act as a trap crop for decreasing pest pressure on cotton. Abstract The density seasonal dynamics of Bemisia tabaci MED were evaluated over two years in a cotton-growing area in Langfang, Hebei Province, northern China on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and six other co-occurring common plants, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), piemarker (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and maize (Zea mays L.). The whitefly species identity was repeatedly tested and confirmed; seasonal dynamics on the various host plants were standardized by the quartile method. B. tabaci MED appeared on weeds (the common ragweed and piemarker) about 10 days earlier than on cotton, or the other cultivated plants. The peak population densities were observed over a span of 2 to 3 weeks on cotton, starting in early (2010) or mid-August (2011). The common ragweed growing adjacent to cotton supported the highest B. tabaci densities (no. on 100 cm2 leaf surface), 12-22 fold higher than on cotton itself. Sunflower supported more B. tabaci than the other plants, and about 1.5-2 fold higher than cotton did. Our results indicate that weeds (esp. the common ragweed) around cotton fields could increase the population density of B. tabaci MED on cotton, while sunflower could act as a trap crop for decreasing pest pressure on cotton.
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烟粉虱在黄瓜上的种群动态及其越冬情况调查与分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)在不同季节黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)上的种群动态及越冬情况进行了调查与分析。结果表明,烟粉虱种群增长数量与温度之间存在显著的正相关关系,温度愈高,烟粉虱发生数量愈大;建立了烟粉虱成虫日均增长数量(Y1)以及卵、若虫和蛹总和日均增长数量(Y2)与平均温度(X1)、平均相对湿度(X2)之间的回归模型分别为：Y1=2．28X1-67．04X2-0．02,Y2=0．60X1-17．09X2-0．03;烟粉虱在我国南方地区露地蔬菜大田内可以安全越冬,番茄是烟粉虱最适宜的越冬寄主,其次是田间杂草。 相似文献
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The whitefly Bemisia tabaci are considered as a taxonomically complex that contained some destructive pests. Two of the most prevalent cryptic species are B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED). In an extensive field survey of the B. tabaci complex present throughout part of China from 2004 to 2007, we obtained 93 samples of B. tabaci from 22 provinces. We determined that these Chinese haplotypes included 2 invasive species (MEAM1 and MED), and 4 indigenous cryptic species (Asia II 1, Asia II 3, China 3 and Asia II 7) by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome oxidose one gene (mtCOI). The diversity and genetic differentiation of a subset of 19 populations of B. tabaci were studied using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Prior to 2007, MEAM1 was a dominant species in many provinces in China. By 2007, MED was dominant in 11 provinces. Both invasive and indigenous species were simultaneously found in some regions. Indigenous species of B. tabaci were found in six provinces in southern China. MED and MEAM1 have broad ranges of host plants, and indigenous species appeared to have much narrower host ranges. All Asia II 3 samples were found on cotton except one on aubergine. China 3 has more host plants than Asia II 3. Twelve samples of China 3 were collected from sweet potato, Japanese hop, squash and cotton. A total of 677 reproducible bands amplified with 5 AFLP primer combinations were obtained. The highest proportion of polymorphic bands was 98.7% and the lowest was 91.9%. Unweighted pair-group method analysis indicated that the clustering was independent of the different species. MED showed the lowest degree of similarity than the other species. The data indicate that both MEAM1and MED were rapidly established in China. Abstract The whitefly Bemisia tabaci are considered as a taxonomically complex that contained some destructive pests. Two of the most prevalent cryptic species are B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED). In an extensive field survey of the B. tabaci complex present throughout part of China from 2004 to 2007, we obtained 93 samples of B. tabaci from 22 provinces. We determined that these Chinese haplotypes included 2 invasive species (MEAM1 and MED), and 4 indigenous cryptic species (Asia II 1, Asia II 3, China 3 and Asia II 7) by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome oxidose one gene (mtCOI). The diversity and genetic differentiation of a subset of 19 populations of B. tabaci were studied using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Prior to 2007, MEAM1 was a dominant species in many provinces in China. By 2007, MED was dominant in 11 provinces. Both invasive and indigenous species were simultaneously found in some regions. Indigenous species of B. tabaci were found in six provinces in southern China. MED and MEAM1 have broad ranges of host plants, and indigenous species appeared to have much narrower host ranges. All Asia II 3 samples were found on cotton except one on aubergine. China 3 has more host plants than Asia II 3. Twelve samples of China 3 were collected from sweet potato, Japanese hop, squash and cotton. A total of 677 reproducible bands amplified with 5 AFLP primer combinations were obtained. The highest proportion of polymorphic bands was 98.7% and the lowest was 91.9%. Unweighted pair-group method analysis indicated that the clustering was independent of the different species. MED showed the lowest degree of similarity than the other species. The data indicate that both MEAM1and MED were rapidly established in China.
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江苏棉田烟粉虱的种群动态及控制 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
2002～2003年通过系统调查对江苏棉田烟粉虱种群动态规律及其控制技术进行研究。结果表明：扬州市郊区棉田,7月下旬始见烟粉虱成虫,8月中、下旬形成第1个成虫高峰,10月上旬成虫消失;丰县棉田,7月中旬始见烟粉虱成虫,8月中旬出现第1个成虫高峰,10月下旬随着气温的下降田间成虫逐渐消失。棉田烟粉虱虫口密度,江苏北部棉区高于中部棉区,转Bt基因棉田高于常规棉田。黄板对烟粉虱成虫有一定的诱集作用。阿维菌素与吡虫啉混剂、灭多威和氧化乐果对棉田烟粉虱种群有一定的控制作用,其9d的校正虫口减退率分别为82．32％、84．59％和80．03％。 相似文献
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为进一步了解雄安新区及其周边地区烟粉虱的生物型及其种群发生为害动态,分别于2016和2017年对雄安新区及其周边5个县级辖区的烟粉虱的生物型(隐种)、种群动态和空间分布格局进行了调查研究。结果表明:目前该地区主要蔬菜作物上发生的烟粉虱均为Q型(MED隐种)烟粉虱;整个调查期间,均发现烟粉虱发生为害情况,不同寄主植物上烟粉虱种群动态不同,每年9月中下旬,烟粉虱在茄子和棉花上的种群密度都有不同程度的回升;绝大多数情况下,烟粉虱在寄主植物上属聚集分布。上述研究结果为烟粉虱的预测预报和防治策略的制定提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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[目的]研究了光周期对扬州地区烟粉虱实验种群的影响。[方法]采自扬州郊区茄科蔬菜上的烟粉虱为供试虫源,选用扬州生产上常用的茄子品种扬茄一号为供试寄主,设置9个光周期处理研究了光周期对烟粉虱生长发育及繁殖的影响。[结果]光周期对烟粉虱种群增长影响显著。光照时间在0～21h,光照时间越长,烟粉虱的生长发育就越快,则世代历期就越短。世代发育速率表现为21L:3D>24L:0D>18L:6D>15L:9D>12L:12D>9L:15D>6L:18D>3L:21D>0L:24D。在24h光照条件下,种群增长指数最高,达109.80;光照时间在18h以上,6h以下,烟粉虱的发育历期显著增加;随着光周期的延长,烟粉虱子代性比、产卵量均呈线性回归。[结论]光周期的长短对烟粉虱种群增长、子代性比、成虫每雌的产卵量的影响很显著。 相似文献
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