Genetic effects of Agropyron cristatum 2P chromosome translocation fragments in a wheat background

Agropyron cristatum (2n=4x=28, PPPP) is a wild relative of common wheat which contains a large number of desirable genes that can be exploited for wheat improvement. Wheat–A. cristatum 2P alien translocation lines exhibit many desirable traits, such as small flag leaves, a high spikelet number and density, and a compact plant type. An agronomic trait evaluation and a genetic analysis were carried out on translocation lines and backcross populations of these lines carrying different translocation fragments. The results showed that a translocation fragment from 2PT-3 (2PL) reduced the length of the flag leaves, while translocation fragments from 2PT-3 (2PL) and 2PT-5 (2PL (0.60–1.00)) reduced the width of the flag leaves. A translocation fragment from 2PT-13 (2PS (0.18–0.36)) increased the length and area of the flag leaves. Translocation fragments from 2PT-3 (2PL) and 2PT-8 (2PL (0.86–1.00)) increased the density of spikelets. Translocation fragments from 2PT-7 (2PL (0.00–0.09)), 2PT-8 (2PL (0.86–1.00)), 2PT-10 (2PS), and 2PT-13 (2PS (0.18–0.36)) reduced plant height. This study provides a scientific basis for the effective utilization of wheat–A. cristatum translocation lines.     

Mapping human autosomes: assignment of the MN locus to a specific segment in the long arm of chromosome no. 2

The locus for MN blood groups, MN, is tentatively assigned to a specific region near the centromere of the long arm of chromosome No. 2 on the basis of a demonstrable deletion of band 2q14 from a No. 2 chromosome in a boy previously reported to be hemizygous (M/-) at that locus.     

Aedes aegypti: origin of a "new" chromosome from a double translocation heterozygote

An apparent enhancement of crossing-over occurs in the region common to two translocated chromosomes derived from two different reciprocal translocations in the yellow-fever mnosquito, Aedes aegypti. A "new" chromosome containing parts of all three linkage groups is created through crossing-over. In a reversible process, two haploid translocated sets in the double translocation heterozygote produce a new, normal chromosome. set and vice versa in alternating generatiots.     

安农0711小麦品种3B染色体茎秆强度位点鉴定

倒伏是限制小麦产量进一步提升的主要因素之一,而茎秆强度是衡量小麦抗倒伏性的重要指标。为了鉴定控制茎秆强度基因位点,以安农0711（较强的茎秆强度和抗倒性）和河农825（较弱的茎秆强度和抗倒性）进行杂交构建的重组自交系群体为试验材料,于2017年测定其茎秆强度,利用SSR标记将控制小麦茎秆强度的位点（Qss.ahau-3B）初步定位于3B染色体上的wmc231-barc248标记之间,物理距离约为68~162 Mb。进一步利用小麦660K SNP芯片扫描两个亲本及高低池,并基于目标区段内差异的SNP,共开发了13个CAPS标记,将控制小麦茎秆强度的位点进一步缩短在EX-6650-barc248之间（150~162 Mb）。该研究结果为后续目标位点精细定位以及候选基因克隆提供了重要理论依据。     

No major schizophrenia locus detected on chromosome 1q in a large multicenter sample

Reports of substantial evidence for genetic linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 1q were evaluated by genotyping 16 DNA markers across 107 centimorgans of this chromosome in a multicenter sample of 779 informative schizophrenia pedigrees. No significant evidence was observed for such linkage, nor for heterogeneity in allele sharing among the eight individual samples. Separate analyses of European-origin families, recessive models of inheritance, and families with larger numbers of affected cases also failed to produce significant evidence for linkage. If schizophrenia susceptibility genes are present on chromosome 1q, their population-wide genetic effects are likely to be small.     

Location of a major susceptibility locus for familial schizophrenia on chromosome 1q21-q22

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, and there is substantial evidence supporting a genetic etiology. Despite this, prior attempts to localize susceptibility loci have produced predominantly suggestive findings. A genome-wide scan for schizophrenia susceptibility loci in 22 extended families with high rates of schizophrenia provided highly significant evidence of linkage to chromosome 1 (1q21-q22), with a maximum heterogeneity logarithm of the likelihood of linkage (lod) score of 6.50. This linkage result should provide sufficient power to allow the positional cloning of the underlying susceptibility gene.     

Locus of the alpha-chain of the T-cell receptor is split by chromosome translocation in T-cell leukemias

Mouse lymphoma cells were hybridized with two human acute T-cell leukemias with a t(11;14) (p13;q11) translocation and the segregated hybrids were examined for the presence of the DNA segments coding for the constant (C) and the variable (V) regions of the alpha chain (C alpha and V alpha) of the T-cell receptor. The C alpha segment was translocated to the involved chromosome 11 (11p+) while the V alpha segment remained on the involved chromosome 14 (14q-). The data indicate that the locus for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is split by the chromosomal breakpoint between the V alpha and the C alpha gene segments, and that the V alpha segments are proximal to the C alpha segment within chromosome band 14q11.2.     

Linkage of plasma Abeta42 to a quantitative locus on chromosome 10 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pedigrees

Plasma Abeta42 (amyloid beta42 peptide) is invariably elevated in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is also increased in the first-degree relatives of patients with typical late-onset AD (LOAD). To detect LOAD loci that increase Abeta42, we used plasma Abeta42 as a surrogate trait and performed linkage analysis on extended AD pedigrees identified through a LOAD patient with extremely high plasma Abeta. Here, we report linkage to chromosome 10 with a maximal lod score of 3.93 at 81 centimorgans close to D10S1225. Remarkably, linkage to the same region was obtained independently in a genome-wide screen of LOAD sibling pairs. These results provide strong evidence for a novel LOAD locus on chromosome 10 that acts to increase Abeta.     

Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the actions of male sex steroids. Human AR genomic DNA was cloned from a flow-sorted human X chromosome library by using a consensus nucleotide sequence from the DNA-binding domain of the family of nuclear receptors. The AR gene was localized on the human X chromosome between the centromere and q13. Cloned complementary DNA, selected with an AR-specific oligonucleotide probe, was expressed in monkey kidney (COS) cells and yielded a high-affinity androgen-binding protein with steroid-binding specificity corresponding to that of native AR. A predominant messenger RNA species of 9.6 kilobases was identified in human, rat, and mouse tissues known to contain AR and was undetectable in tissues lacking AR androgen-binding activity, including kidney and liver from androgen-insensitive mice. The deduced amino acid sequence of AR within the DNA-binding domain has highest sequence identity with the progesterone receptor.     

Human thymidine kinase gene locus: assignment to chromosome 17 in a hybrid of man and mouse cells

The human chromosome retained in a hybrid clone derived from human cells and a moluse line deficiemt in thymidine kinase has the quinacrinefluorescence pattern characteristic of chromosome 17.     

Heritable fragile site on chromosome 16: probable localization of haptoglobin locus in man

We have found recurrent chromosome breaks at a site (the "fragile site") on the long arm of chromosome 16. This site segregates in simple Mendelian dominant fashion in a large family. The distal portion of the chromosome sometimes shows selective endoreduplication. Preliminary linkage results reveal only 3 recombinants in 33 opportunities for recombination between the fragile site and the alpha locus of haptoglobin, an indication that the alpha-Hp gene is located near this region on chromosome 16.     

我国易位少籽西瓜研究回顾与展望

文章回顾了我国易位少籽西瓜主要研究成果,分析了我国易位少籽西瓜产业现状,发现产业存在重视不够和研究攻关协作相对不足等一些问题,认为易位少籽是发展少籽西瓜的有效途径,发展前景很好,今后要加强基础性研究、新品种选育和品种保护。     

小麦-黑麦1BL.1RS易位系中1BL染色体臂的变异

【目的】研究小麦-黑麦1BL.1RS易位系中1BL染色体臂的变异,为1BL.1RS在小麦育种中的进一步应用提供依据。【方法】利用GISH和FISH技术从小麦品种绵阳11(MY11)和白粒黑麦远缘杂交的后代中筛选1R(1B)代换系G1和1BL.1RS易位系G2。选用小麦染色体1B上的40对引物对亲本MY11、白粒黑麦、G1、G2以及普通小麦中国春(CS)进行SSR分析。【结果】6对引物在MY11、CS及G2中扩增出1BL的条带,在G1和白粒黑麦中未扩增出条带,其中3对引物(Xgwm259、Xbarc188,Xgwm268)在亲本MY11及后代1BL.1RS易位系(G2)中扩增出差异性的1BL条带,说明在小麦-黑麦远缘杂交产生的易位系后代中,1BL染色体臂发生变异。有13对引物在MY11、白粒黑麦和G1、G2中扩增出差异性条带,说明在小麦-黑麦远缘杂交后代中小麦微卫星发生了一定的变化;引物Xbarc8能扩增出白粒黑麦染色体1RS的特异条带,且该条带稳定出现,可以作为白粒黑麦1RS染色体识别和鉴定的分子标记。【结论】小麦-黑麦1BL.1RS易位系中1BL染色体臂发生变异,Xbarc8是鉴定白粒黑麦1RS染色体臂的新的分子标记。     

Cloning and genetic transformation of a novel rice gene OsAPT2

A novel rice gene OsAPT2,which encodes a putative adenine phosphoribosyl transferase(APRT),was cloned.Its full-length cDNA is 1125bp,composing an ORF encoding 212 amino acid residues and a stop cordon,a 5‘ UTR of 123 bp and a 3‘ UTR of 363 bp.The sequence data have been submitted to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases(accession number:AY238894).The deduced amino acid sequence of OsAPT2 is highly homologous to those of previously reported APRTs.The genomic OsAPT2 gene contains 7 exons and 6 introns.Its total len...     

Validation of qGSIO,a quantitative trait locus for grain size on the long arm of chromosome 10 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight and a trait having important impact on grain quality in rice.The objective of this study is to detect QTLs for grain size in rice and identify important QTLs that have not been well characterized before.The QTL mapping was first performed using three recombinant inbred line populations derived from indica rice crosses Teqing/IRBB lines,Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46,Xieqingzao/Milyang 46.Fourteen QTLs for grain length and 10 QTLs for grain width were detected,including seven shared by two populations and 17 found in one population.Three of the seven common QTLs were found to coincide in position with those that have been cloned and the four others remained to be clarified.One of them,qGS10 located in the interval RM6100-RM228 on the long arm of chromosome 10,was validated using F_(2:3) populations and near isogenic lines derived from residual heterozygotes for the interval RM6100-RM228.The QTL was found to have a considerable effect on grain size and grain weight,and a small effect on grain number.This region was also previously detected for quality traits in rice in a number of studies,providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.     

鸡白细胞介素-2 cDNA克隆

用哺乳动物细胞表达克隆系统克隆了鸡ＩＬ－２ｃＤＮＡ。以ＣｏｎＡ（２０μｇ／ｍＬ）诱导ＳＰＦ鸡脾脏淋巴细胞,第２０小时收集细胞,提取ｍＲＮＡ,以ＳｕｐｅｒＳｃｒｉｐｔＰｌａｓｍｉｄＳｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒｃＤＮＡＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ试剂盒合成ｃＤＮＡ,定向连结于穿梭质粒ｐＳＶ·ＳｐｏｒｔⅠ,构建ｃＤＮＡ文库。将文库分组提取重组质粒,转染ＣＯＳ－７细胞,表达ｃＤＮＡｓ。以淋巴细胞增殖试验检测表达产物ＩＬ－２活性。经过３轮筛选,获得１４个具有ＩＬ－２活性的克隆。选择其中４个进行酶切分析,结果显示这４个ｃＤＮＡ大小分别为１．５,１．０,０．８和０．８ｋｂ。     

Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors

Fragments of exogenous DNA that range in size up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast by ligating them to vector sequences that allow their propagation as linear artificial chromosomes. Individual clones of yeast and human DNA that have been analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis appear to represent faithful replicas of the source DNA. The efficiency with which clones can be generated is high enough to allow the construction of comprehensive libraries from the genomes of higher organisms. By offering a tenfold increase in the size of the DNA molecules that can be cloned into a microbial host, this system addresses a major gap in existing experimental methods for analyzing complex DNA sources.     

甜菜夜蛾GOBP2基因的克隆及序列测定

 比较已报道的 ５种昆虫的 ＧＯＢＰ２基因序列，设计了一对简并引物，以甜菜夜蛾 Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａ ｅｘｉｇｕａ的触角ｃＤＮＡ为模板进行ＰＣＲ扩增，获得了一条４００ｂｐ左右的特异性条带。将以上片段克隆到Ｔ－ｅａｓｙ载体上，获得重组子ＧＯＢＰ２Ｓｅｘｉ，序列测定和结构分析结果表明，ＧＯＢＰ２Ｓｅｘｉ阅读框全长４２６ｂｐ，编码１４１个氨基酸残基，预测分子量和等电点分别为１６．０７ｋｕ和５．０９。另外，序列中有６个保守的半胱氨酸位点，具有气味结合蛋白的典型特征。同时以基因组 ＤＮＡ为模板进行ＰＣＲ扩增，得到了一条 ２ｋｂ左右的特异性条带，同样克隆到 Ｔ－ｅａｓｙ载体上进行测序，结果表明，在该蛋白的第２２和第２３个氨基酸之间及第８２和第８３个氨基酸之间分别插入了一个１６０ｂｐ和１４０３ｂｐ的内含子。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明，ＧＯＢＰ２基因在甜菜夜蛾触角中特异性表达，并且在雌雄蛾触角中表达水平相当。该基因已在ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ／ＥＭＢＬ中登记，序列号为ＡＪ２９４８０９。     

Cloning and Sequencing of a Gene Encoding GOBP2 in the Antenna of Spodoptera exigua

A pair of degenerate primers was designed, based on the comparison of five insects‘ GOBP2 gene sequences reported previously. A specific band (about 400bp in length) was amplified from cDNA of Spodoptera exigua antenna and another specific band (about 2kb in length) was amplified from genomic DNA.The two segments were cloned into T-easy vector, respectively. Results of sequencing and structural analysis showed that the full-length of GOBP2Sexi ORF is 426bp, 141 amino acid residues were encoded. The predicted MW and pI are 16.07ku and 5.09, respectively. There are six conservative Cys locus in the sequence, which is the typical characteristic of OBPs. GOBP2Sexi gene was inserted by two introns between amino acid residue 22 and 23 and between 82 and 83. The length of two introns is 160bp and 1403bp. Results of Northern blot showed that GOBP2 gene expressed specifically in the antenna of Spodoptera exigua, and the expression level is nearly equal in the antenna of male and female moths. The sequence was deposited in GenBank/EMBL and the accession number is AJ294809.