农业农村部答复关于强化动物防疫体系建设提升防控能力的建议

一、关于进一步强化动物防疫及监管体系建设,实行网格化管理 非洲猪瘟防控涉及到生猪养殖、流通、屠宰加丁以及猪肉产品市场销售、进口、餐厨废弃物处理等环节,防控工作需要农业农村、市场监管、交通运输、海关、城市管理、财政、发展改革等部门密切配合,形成合力.白非洲猪瘟疫情发生以来,国务院建立部门间联防联控机制,及时沟通交流工作进展情况,共享信息,共商防控对策,织牢监管网络,不留死角,取得积极成效.农业农村部在全国试行非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病分区防控,明确按照行政区域、养殖屠宰产业布局以及风险评估情况将全国分为5个大区,分区推动,科学防控,强化生猪调运和屠宰环节监管力度,有效推动各项防控政策措施落实落细.     

基层非洲猪瘟防控难题及对策建议

文章阐述了基层非洲猪瘟防控面临的动物防疫体系作用发挥不充分、生猪养殖水平传统低下、餐厨剩余物处理和生猪流通调运监管难度大等难题,提出了稳定基层机构队伍,完善动物防疫体系、加强养殖场管理,提升生物安全水平、严格调运监管,切断疫情传播路径等非洲猪瘟防控对策建议,以期为基层非洲猪瘟防控提供参考。     

非洲猪瘟的扩散风险点及防控对策

为有效防控非洲猪瘟疫情,降低非洲猪瘟的扩散风险,本文结合非洲猪瘟流行现状及部分国际已发疫情,对非洲猪瘟扩散风险点进行简要分析。分析认为:养殖环节风险点主要是养殖场(户)生物安全水平低及饲喂餐厨剩余物(泔水);流通环节风险点主要存在于生猪及猪肉产品长距离调运、猪肉及其产品销售;屠宰环节关键风险点是私屠滥宰。因此,应严禁泔水及猪源性蛋白饲料产品饲喂生猪,加强生猪养殖场(户)生物安全措施,完善活畜禽长途调运监管,强化生猪屠宰企业管理等。     

甘肃省探索建立动物跨区域调运监管机制的研究

通过建立地方法规,依法开展贩运人员管理,创新流通环节监督执法,强化养殖环节监督管理,甘肃省初步形成了动物跨区域调运监管机制基本框架,在本省动物疫病防控工作中发挥了重要作用。     

一起未办理审批跨省引进种猪案的处理和体会

跨省调运种用动物审批可以防止动物疫病跨区域传播,保护养殖业健康发展,保护人体健康.但是一些养殖户图省事不办理审批手续就直接跨省引种,给动物疫病防控和畜产品质量安全造成了严重的隐患,制约着生猪养殖和畜禽屠宰、流通的健康发展.为强化跨省调运种用动物管理,有效遏制畜禽流动过程中重大动物疫病传播,笔者通过对一起未办理审批跨省引...     

近年来猪病盘点与防控建议

非洲猪瘟在我国发生以来,国家出台了"屠宰环节自检""精准扑杀定点清除" "联防联控、区域防控""无疫区、无疫小区建设""生猪和猪肉调运控制"等系列相关政策,并修订了动物防疫法.非洲猪瘟疫情在我国发生以来,楼房养猪快速推进、规模化养殖集团快速扩张、中小养殖户快速退出、生物安全与检测意识空前强化、猪场改造升级更智能、传统猪...     

山东省邹城市动物卫生监督工作经验及问题探析

近年来,畜牧养殖规模化和物流业的迅猛发展,给动物疫病防控和畜产品质量安全带来严重威胁。抓好动物卫生监督工作既可以外防疫病引入,又可以内防疫病输出,是防控重大动物疫病的重要手段。邹城市为控制外来动物疫情和加强畜产品质量安全,在动物卫生监督方面进行了大胆有益的探索,采取“强化日常监督、实行联合执法、规范生猪屠宰、严格产地检疫、严格引入动物提前备案和隔离制度、加强重大动物疫病防控、加强养殖环节投入品监管、规范动物诊疗、加大饲料兽药生产经营环节监管等“内控外堵”综合措施,确保全市无重大动物疫情和畜产品质量安全事件发生。     

欧美有关国家生猪运输环节生物安全措施及启示

我国生猪等动物及其产品的跨区域调运十分频繁,运输过程中受空间狭窄、卫生条件简陋、运输路径复杂等因素影响,动物疫病传播风险较大。因此,针对生猪运输中的风险因素,建立科学有效的生物安全管理制度,对防范疫情传播具有重要意义。本文梳理和总结了欧美有关国家生猪运输环节中采取的关键生物安全措施和科学的管理制度,包括运输人员管理、运输车辆许可、运输计划审查、启运许可、运输途中生物安全、落地报备、运输车辆清洗消毒及特殊动物禁运制度,并结合我国实际,提出了强化调运前检疫和移动监管,加强生猪运输车辆管理、加大违法调运打击力度等生猪运输环节监管的建议,以期为我国生猪运输安全水平的提高提供参考。     

西双版纳州动物防疫工作的探索与思考

正近年来,西双版纳州以推进农业供给侧结构性改革为契机,切实抓好重大动物疫病防疫、监测及日常管理工作,并全力规范全州动物卫生监督执法行为,强化产地检疫、屠宰检疫、养殖环节及流通环节的监管,重大动物疫病防控及动物卫生监督管理工作进一步加强和完善,按照"政府部门保密度、业务部门保质量"的属地管理原则,坚持 "依法行政、科学检疫、过程监管、风     

屠宰环节中影响猪肉质量安全的主要因素与风险评估

基础设备不完善、环境防疫消毒不严、加工设备污染、动物疫病等因素是影响屠宰环节猪肉产品质量安全的主要因素,开展生猪定点屠宰风险等级评估监管机制,加强生猪屠宰兽医卫生风险防控,规范生猪屠宰监管,落实屠宰企业主体责任,是确保猪肉产品质量安全的有效措施。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.