杂交水稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定及其与父母本抗性的相关性

对9个水稻不育系与12个恢复系及其配制的53个杂交水稻组合在福建省将乐县黄潭、上杭县茶地的稻瘟病重病区进行了稻瘟病抗性鉴定,结果筛选出22个抗稻瘟病组合.对杂交组合与父母本的稻瘟病抗性进行相关分析,发现杂交组合的叶瘟和穗瘟与母本叶瘟均呈极显著正相关,而与父本叶瘟相关不显著.因此,在杂交水稻抗瘟性育种中,选用抗瘟性好的不育系作亲本配组尤为重要.     

水稻稻瘟病抗性的研究进展

稻瘟病是当前粳稻主产区危害最严重的病害之一,而品种抗病性的利用则被公认为是病害综合防治的根本策略。本文从抗性鉴定方法、抗性资源筛选和发掘、抗性遗传规律及抗病基因定位3个方面,对水稻稻瘟病抗性的研究进展进行了简要综述,以期为水稻抗稻瘟病的育种提供参考。同时对水稻品种稻瘟病抗性研究的现存问题与今后的研究方向进行了讨论。     

稻瘟病抗性基因的鉴定及利用进展

20世纪60年代中期,日本率先开展了水稻品种抗稻瘟病基因分析的研究工作,鉴定了最初的8个抗性位点上的14个基因,并建立了一套抗稻瘟病基因分析用的鉴别体系（JDCs, Japanese differential cultivars）,随后,国际水稻研究所和中国等产稻国也逐渐开展了水稻稻瘟病抗性遗传的系统性研究。截至2007年12月,已至少报道了58个抗稻瘟病位点共67个主效基因。这些基因成簇地分布于除第3染色体外的所有水稻染色体上,其中,66个为显性基因,1个为隐性基因,包括Pi b、Pi ta、Pi z5、Pi zt、Pi 9、Pi d2、Pi 36和Pi 37等8个已被克隆的基因(Pi z5、Pi zt和Pi 9同为Pi z基因位点上的复等位基因)。还讨论了合理利用抗性基因等问题。     

福建省稻瘟病生理小种及品种资源抗性鉴定

通过采集福建省水稻主产区的稻瘟病菌,鉴定并分析了福建省稻瘟病菌生理小种种群情况,将2017—2018年福建省的126份稻瘟病菌株划分为6个群32个生理小种,其中ZA群为优势生理小种,出现频率为41.6%。同时收集南平地区生产上主栽水稻品种,通过苗期抗病性表现,筛选出适合该区域种植的抗病性水稻品种,如隆两优华占、和两优332、隆两优1988、民优667、科优16等品种的抗谱值高达95%以上。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展

概述了稻瘟病抗性基因的经典遗传鉴定、分子标记定位、克隆以及稻瘟病抗性基因与无毒基因的互作等方面的研究进展。     

国际稻瘟病圃种质稻瘟病抗性的鉴定与评价

分别采用苗期喷雾接种和成株期注射、涂抹接种对375份国际稻瘟病圃材料进行稻瘟病抗性人工接种鉴定,发现苗瘟与叶瘟抗性间具有极显著的相关性,而苗瘟、叶瘟与穗颈瘟间相关性不显著,结果筛选出一批抗性较好的材料,可供育种部门在选配亲本时应用。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展

介绍了稻瘟病抗性基因的结构,综述了其定位和克隆的最新研究进展,阐述了在其研究过程中分子标记技术的利用,并提出今后的研究方向。     

水稻新品种田间自然病圃抗稻瘟病性鉴定

利用田间自然病圃,用高感稻瘟病品种做诱发,对44个杂交水稻新组合(品种)的抗稻瘟病性进行了鉴定.结果表明:福优27和福优28对稻瘟病表现高抗,富优6号表现抗病,其它组合(品种)对稻瘟病表现感病或高感病.     

不同品种对水稻稻瘟病的抗性评价

为了探讨水稻不同品种对稻瘟病的抗性,在新民村和梧桐河农场水稻田利用7个品种(系)进行了研究,结果表明:新民村叶瘟与穗颈瘟发生较梧桐河农场严重,品种间抗病性存在差异,绥粳8在两点均无稻瘟病发生,其他品种(系)均有不同程度稻瘟病发生,穗颈瘟发生程度与叶瘟成正相关关系。相同品种不同的播期之间稻瘟病表现出播期1(S1)播期3(S3)播期2(S2)的变化规律。     

Genetic Transformation of Rice with Pi-d2 Gene Enhances Resistance to Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

The gene Pi-d2, conferring gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain ZB15, was isolated from a rice variety (Digu) by the map-based cloning strategy. Here, we constructed a control plasmid pZH01-pi-d2tp309 (pZH01-tp309) and three different expression constructs, pCB-Pi-d25.3kb (pCB5.3kb), pCB-Pi-d26.3kb (pCB6.3kb) and pZH01-Pi-d22.72kb (pZH01-2.72kb) of Pi-d2, driven by Pi-d2 gene's own promoter or CaMV35S promoter. These constructs were separately introduced into japonica rice varieties Lijiangxintuanhegu, Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Zhonghua 9 through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. A total of 150 transgenic rice plants were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. PCR, RT-PCR and Southern-blotting assay showed that the gene of interest had been integrated into rice genome and stably inherited. Thirty-five transgenic lines independently derived from T1 progeny were inoculated with the rice blast strain ZB15. Transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. The lesions on the transgenic plant leaves were less severe than those on the controls and the resistance level of transgenic plants harboring the gene of interest from three vectors had no difference. The own promoter of Pi-d2, about 2.2 kb or 3.2 kb, had the similar promoter function as CaMV35S. Field evaluation for three successive years supported the results of artificial trial, and some lines with high resistance to rice leaf blast and neck blast were obtained.     

Molecular Scree ning of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Germplasms Resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae

Molecular screening of major rice blast resistance genes was determined with molecular markers, which showed close-set linkage to 11 major rice blast resistance genes (Pi-d2, Pi-z, Piz-t, Pi-9, Pi-36, Pi-37, Pi5, Pi-b, Pik-p, Pik-h and Pi-ta²), in a collection of 32 accessions resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae. Out of the 32 accessions, the Pi-d2 and Pi-z appeared to be omnipresent and gave positive express. As the second dominant, Pi-b and Piz-t gene frequencies were 96.9% and 87.5%. And Pik-h and Pik-p gene frequencies were 43.8% and 28.1%, respectively. The molecular marker linkage to Pi-ta² produced positive bands in eleven accessions, while the molecular marker linkage to Pi-36 and Pi-37 in only three and four accessions, respectively. The natural field evaluation analysis showed that 30 of the 32 accessions were resistant, one was moderately resistant and one was susceptible. Infection types were negatively correlated with the genotype scores of Pi-9, Pi5, Pi-b, Pi-ta² and Pik-p, although the correlation coefficients were very little. These results are useful in identification and incorporation of functional resistance genes from these germplasms into elite cultivars through marker-assisted selection for improved blast resistance in China and worldwide.     

Pathogenicity of Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae on Brachypodium distachyon

Inoculation methods for rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae to Brachypodium distachyon were developed to investigate the infection process and symptom development in comparison with those on rice (Oryza sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare).M.oryzae could infect leaves,sheathes,stems and panicles of B.distachyon and cause blast disease.Spraying conidial suspension on either intact seedlings or leaf segments induced typical symptoms on B.distachyon.During the intact seedling inoculation,the symptom developed on B.distachyon leaves closely resembled that on rice;but the lesions on B.distachyon had better uniformity in shapes and sizes than those on rice or barley.In the leaf segments inoculation,only initial and low-developed lesions could be found on rice,while normal symptoms on B.distachyon and barley.Inoculated with low-virulent mutants of M.oryzae,B.distachyon produced low-level symptoms.The symptom level of each mutant on B.distachyon corresponded well to that on rice.In addition,typical infection processes presented on B.distachyon leaves:forming melanized appressoria,penetrating into host epidermis and then forming hyphae in epidermal cells.According to these results,B.distachyon can be used as a candidate for studying fungus-plant interactions and as a probable source of disease resistance.     

稻瘟病抗性基因对安徽省稻瘟病菌种群抗性的影响

为分析抗稻瘟病基因对安徽省稻瘟病菌株的抗性水平的影响,采用10个水稻抗稻瘟病单基因品系对安徽不同地区的稻瘟病菌株进行致病力测定,同时对201份水稻品种的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9进行扩增,结合田间抗性表现,分析抗性基因Pi9的利用价值。抗性基因Pi9、Pik、Pizt等对安徽地区的稻瘟病菌株具有较好的抗性,抗性频率分别为66%、60%和54%,其中携带Pi9抗性基因的水稻品种的田间抗性表现也较好,说明Pi9可直接作为分子标记辅助安徽地区水稻品种选育抗原基因。     

121个水稻品种的抗瘟性鉴定

用22个稻瘟病菌株,采用离体接种的方法对121份水稻品种进行抗瘟性鉴定,同时对其中16个湖南省主栽水稻品种进行了病圃鉴定。结果表明,51个品种抗菌频率在60%以下,63个在60%～80%之间,7个品种在80%以上。湖南省16个主栽水稻品种病圃叶瘟与穗颈瘟发病率之间存在显著正相关关系,病圃叶瘟和穗颈瘟发病严重度与室内离体鉴定结果也均呈显著正相关关系。     

湖南稻瘟病菌遗传多样性分析

利用13对SSR引物对2010年从湖南19个县(市)种植的44个水稻感病品种上分离到的169个稻瘟病单孢菌株进行了遗传多样性分析,结果在0.8的相似水平上将供试菌株划分为8个宗谱,其中L01宗谱为优势宗谱,占总菌株数的66.86％.病菌宗谱与菌株来源地及寄主品种之间关系复杂,来源于相同地区或来源于同一寄主品种的菌株亲缘关系相对较近,但不同地区稻瘟病菌生理小种分化程度不一,小种的分化程度与当地的地形地势以及该地区种植的水稻品种数量有一定关系.高海拔山区比丘陵区稻瘟病菌遗传多样性更丰富;在某一地区栽培品种组成多样化程度越高,该地区的稻瘟病菌遗传多样性越丰富.     

寒地稻区外引品种（系）稻瘟病抗性鉴定研究

为了深入发掘优良抗病种质资源,拓宽抗源亲本,从27个国家和地区引进441份水稻品种（系）,采用人工接种稻瘟病菌进行抗性鉴定。结果表明,无高抗材料,鉴定筛选出IDSA3和N92—4抗病材料2份,占供鉴材料的0.5％;C22、IR60、C025（ACC32568）、DINORADO、PETA（ACC32571）、INTAN等中抗材料175份（次）,占供鉴总数的39.7％。     

Spireoside Controls Blast Disease by Disrupting Membrane Integrity of Magnaporthe oryzae

The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant diseases. Among these agents, plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature. Plant secondary metabolites typically exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity without selective toxicity against pathogens. However, only a small fraction of antifungal metabolites have been identified from the tens of thousands of known plant secondary metabolites. In this study, we conducted a metabolomic analysis on both blast-resistant(Digu) and-susceptible(Lijiangxintuanheigu) rice varieties to uncover novel metabolites that enhance blast resistance. We found that 24 and 48 h post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae were critical time points for metabolomic profiling, based on the infected status of M. oryzae in rice and the observed differences in shikimate accumulation between the two varieties. Following metabolomic analysis, we identified nine flavonoids that were differentially accumulated and are considered potential candidates for disease control. Among these, apigenin-7-glucoside, rhamnetin, and spireoside were found to be effective in controlling blast disease, with spireoside demonstrating the most pronounced efficacy. We discovered that spireoside controlled blast disease by inhibiting both spore germination and appressorium formation in M. oryzae, primarily through disrupting cell membrane integrity. However, spireoside did not induce rice immunity. Furthermore, spireoside was also effective in controlling sheath blight disease. Thus, spireoside shows considerable promise as a candidate for the development of a fungicide for controlling plant diseases.     

2001年早稻新品种(组合)抗稻瘟病性鉴定结果初报

稻瘟病是福建省水稻最主要的病害 ,重发生年份为害大、损失重 ,严重影响水稻高产稳产。选用抗病品种是水稻生产上确保高产稳产、实现增产增收最经济有效的措施之一。上杭茶地稻瘟病鉴定圃已有 2 0多年的历史 ,其特定的气候条件十分有利于水稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定。根据省农林大学植保系测定 ,生理小种以ＺＢ13、ＺＣ15为优势小种 ,多年生产上应用表明鉴定结果在福建省比较有代表性。 2 0 0 1年我们继续承担了省、市区试的早稻新品种 (组合 )的抗稻瘟病性鉴定工作。现将本季鉴定圃工作结果小结如下。1　试验概况1 1　参鉴品种 (组合 )　参加本季鉴…