优质籼稻不育系庆1A的选育

庆1A是重庆中一种业有限公司用Q2B与越南抗稻瘟病材料X21杂交,F<,2>代中选单株与美国材料Lemont复交,F<,4>代再与野败型不育系Q2A测交并连续回交育成的优质籼型不育系,该不育系异交习性好,米质优(达国标1级),配合力强,中抗稻瘟病,2007年8月通过重庆市技术鉴定.用该不育系配组育成的杂交中籼新组合庆优78(庆1A/R78)产量高,抗病性较好,于2010年1月通过重庆市农作物品种审定.     

优质抗病水稻三系不育系神农4A的选育

神农4A是重庆市农业科学院与重庆中一种业有限公司用自育不育系Q2B与江西优质抗稻瘟病香稻地方资源杂交,从F3代中选择优良单株与野败型胞质不育系Q2A杂交和回交育成的籼型三系不育系。该不育系具有米质优、异交习性好、抗稻瘟病等特点,所配组合分蘖力强、耐肥抗倒、稳产性好,2018年8月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会技术鉴定。     

优质抗病籼型不育系Q3A的选育

Q3A是重庆市种子公司与重庆市农科所合作用优质保持系Q2B与优质、抗稻瘟病品种粤野粘1号杂交制保,F2代与Q2A杂交,引入野败型细胞质,经过重庆和海南连续回交加代育成的籼型水稻不育系,2005年7月通过重庆市技术鉴定。该不育系抽穗初期谷壳为绿色,后期为黑色;柱头外露率高,生活力强,包颈度低,异交习性好;花粉以典败为主,败育彻底;配合力强,可恢性好,米质优,中抗稻瘟病。Q3A与Q恢108配组育成的杂交中籼新组合庆优108于2006年3月通过重庆市品种审定。     

优质籼型不育系Q1A的选育

Q1A是重庆市种子公司用金23B×58B的F3代与中九B复交,再与珍汕97A杂交引入野败型胞质而育成的一个优质籼型三系不育系,2003年7月通过重庆市科学技术委员会组织的技术鉴定.该不育系异交习性好,米质优(6项指标达部颁一级标准,5项达二级标准),中抗稻瘟病.其与成恢047配组育成的优质杂交中籼新组合Q优2号米质优、产量高、抗稻瘟病,2002年12月通过重庆市农作物品种审定.     

优质三系杂交水稻新组合神9优52

神9优52是重庆中一种业有限公司用不育系神9A与恢复系Q恢52配组育成的迟熟中籼三系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有株高适中、米质好等特点,2020年通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

优质籼稻不育系Q4A的选育

Q4A是重庆中一种业有限公司和重庆市农科院水稻所用(Q1B×浓香16)F_5与双抗7702复交,再用复交F_3代与Q2A测交引入野败型胞质并连续回交育成的籼型三系不育系.该不育系异交习性好,米质优,达NY/T 593-2002<食用稻品种品质>3级标准),中感稻瘟病.2007年8月通过重庆市科学技术委员会组织的技术鉴定.用Q4A与恢复系R72配组育成的杂交中籼新组合Q优12已于2008年1月通过重庆市农作物品种审定.     

优质抗稻瘟病三系恢复系Q恢25的选育和应用

Q恢25是重庆市农业科学院和重庆中一种业有限公司用成恢047与岳恢9113杂交选育而成的籼型三系恢复系,具有恢复力强、配合力较好、米质优和稻瘟病抗性强等优点,于2016年7月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会田间技术鉴定,所配组合神9优25(神9A/Q恢25)于2017年5月通过重庆市品种审定。     

优质籼型不育系Q2A的选育

Q2A是重庆市农业科学研究所和重庆市种子公司用金23B×中九B的F2代与58B×Ⅱ-32B的F2代杂交,再用复交F2代与珍汕97A杂交引入野败型胞质育成的一个优质籼型三系不育系,2003年7月通过重庆市科学技术委员会组织的技术鉴定.该不育系异交习性好;可恢性好,配合力强;米质优(12项测试指标中有7项达部颁一级优质米标准,5项达二级标准);苗瘟3级,叶瘟3级,颈瘟7级,对苗瘟和叶瘟表现为中抗,颈瘟感病.其与成恢047配组育成的优质杂交中籼新组合Q优5号米质优,产量高,抗稻瘟病,2003年12月通过重庆市农作物品种审定.     

优质杂交籼稻新组合神农优228

神农优228是重庆市农业科学院和重庆中一种业有限公司用自育的不育系神农2A与恢复系Q恢28配组育成的三系中籼迟熟杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有株高适中、分蘖能力强、产量高、稻瘟病抗性好、米质好等特点,2018年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

优质抗病籼稻不育系神农5A的选育与应用

神农5A是用Q2B与抗稻瘟病材料Ky144杂交,F4代选择优良单株与Q2A杂交并连续回交育成的籼稻不育系。该不育系叶片持绿,异交习性好,抗稻瘟病,米质优,2018年7月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会组织的技术鉴定。所配组合神农5优28(神农5A/Q恢28)于2019年通过重庆市品种审定。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。