台州市基层动物防疫体系的整合构想

动物防疫体系是公共卫生体系的重要组成部分,是促进畜牧业健康、持续发展的重要保障,乡镇畜牧兽医站是基层动物防疫体系的主要力量.台州市乡镇畜牧兽医站是一个具有一定人力、物力、财力,专门为畜牧生产服务的基层动物防疫组织.随着市场经济发展,这支畜牧兽医队伍已暴露出了很多新问题,尤其是机构设置和人员配备等,已严重制约了该市畜牧业的进一步发展.     

赤峰市畜牧业服务体系现状与思考

本文分析了赤峰市畜牧业服务体系建设发展现状及存在的问题，从提升畜牧业服务体系建设的灵活性，加强良种繁育、动物防疫、饲草料供应等服务体系建设，保障资金、技术和监督等方面为今后赤峰市畜牧业服务体系的建设和发展提出建议。     

防疫体系建设是改革的关键

当前加强动物防疫体系和队伍建设的重点是理顺管理体制．启动兽医管理体制改革试点，逐步与国际接轨，应当逐步实行兽医机构的垂直管理。按照“一要稳定，二要改革，三要建设”的要求结合我区实际．落实国家有关深化乡镇动物防疫机构改革的政策，以稳定和加强乡镇兽医站为重点，明确基层动物防疫机构的性质．稳定基层防疫队伍，尽快适应形势发展的需要。在稳定机构和队伍的基础上．确定技术人员比例，强化技术人员培训，不断提高基层防疫队伍的素质和战斗力。     

化隆县乡镇畜牧兽医站职能转变现状及对策初探

乡镇畜牧兽医站处在动物防疫工作第一线,顺应改革形势,适应畜牧业发展新形势、市场新体制、经济发展新环境,加强对乡镇畜牧兽医站的建设力度和管理机制,转变职能,不断提高服务功能,是摆在各级政府     

勐海县勐宋乡动物防疫体系现状及建议

正乡镇和村级基层动物防疫体系是防控重大动物疫病的主力军,基层兽医服务是否到位决定了动物疫病防控工作的最终成效。动物防疫工作事关畜牧业生产安全、经济发展和人民群众健康安全。加强动物防疫工作,能够提高畜产品质量,降低畜禽死亡率,提高畜牧业生产效率,有利于促进农民增收;能够有效防控重大动物疫病的发生和流行,有利于保护人民群众的身体健康。动物防疫员是乡(镇)最基层动物防疫体系实施的直接操作     

浅谈基层动物防疫体系的建设

畜牧业已经逐步成为农民增收致富的支柱产业,而动物防疫体系是畜牧业稳定发展的根本保障,是预防控制动物疫病发生和流行的有效手段。乡镇畜牧兽医站是动物防疫体系中最基层的机构,是保障畜牧业发展、保护人类健康的前沿卫士,是推进健康养殖的桥梁和纽带。加强基层动物防疫体系建设,是畜牧业健康发展急需解决的问题。笔者根据多年的基层工作经验,谈谈个人对基层动物防疫体系建设的看法。     

关于完善乡镇动物防疫体系的思考

搞好动物防疫工作是促进畜牧业稳定发展的重要环节。当前 ,完善我县动物防疫体系的关键在于理顺乡镇畜牧兽医站的管理体制。现就我县乡镇畜牧兽医站管理体制的存在问题进行分析、探讨 ,以促进我县动物防疫体系建设 ,保障畜牧业健康发展。1　我县乡镇畜牧兽医站管理体制中存在的问题1995年我县将 2 1个乡镇畜牧兽医站的人、财、物三权下放乡镇政府管理 ,原“三权”(均由畜牧部门管理 )的条块结合 ,以条为主的管理体制被打破 ,形成了以乡镇管理为主的现行动物防疫管理体制。这对扩大乡镇政府的自主权起到了一定作用 ,但对动物防疫工作的性质和…     

改革开放30年来76团畜牧业发展变化

改革开放30年来,76团畜牧业生产得到了持续、快速、全面的发展,畜牧业在全方位、多层面发生了翻天覆地的巨大变化。在畜牧业生产上坚持以市场为中心,以提高效益为目的,以增加科技投入为手段,以项目为依托,按照产业要求,逐步建立与市场经济相适应,与实际生产相结合的高科技、高效益畜牧业发展体系和品种改良模式,加大动物防疫体系建设力度,逐步建立与现代畜牧业发展相适应的动物防疫体系,实现团场畜牧业可持续发展。     

比利时兽医检疫防疫体系

比利时的农业主要以畜牧业为主,畜牧业产值占农业总产值的58%。畜牧业生产已形成高度发展的集约化生产体系,以生产健康、质优的畜产品,保护消费者利益为目的。在畜牧业生产过程中,动物和肉类产品的质量都必须经过认真的检疫检验,才能走向市场,其产品卫生检疫和动物防疫体系相对健全。1 建立严格的检疫体系1.1 管理措施严格,机构精炼,职     

新疆维吾尔自治区乡镇畜牧兽医站项目建设及管理暂行办法

第一章总则第一条为了加强乡镇畜牧兽医站(以下简称乡镇站)的建设和管理,促进畜牧业健康发展,加快社会主义新农村的建设步伐,根据自治区人民政府《关于印发新疆维吾尔自治区动物防疫体系建设规划的通知》《、关于加强动物防疫体系建设的意见》、《关于贯彻国务院关于推进兽医管理体制改革若干意见的意见》等有关规定,制定本办法。第二条乡镇站挂牌动物防疫检疫站,为县市动物卫生监督机构的派出机构,其人员、业务、经费由县市畜牧兽医行政主管部门统一管理,乡镇人民政府只负责其日常行政事务管理。根据经营性服务和公益性职能分开的原则,其职…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.