试论破解中国“调猪”向“调肉”转变困境的方法

文章论述了"调猪"向"调肉"转变的历史背景,进行了冷却肉代替常温鲜肉的可行性论证,加强对冷却肉营养价值高,口味几乎与常温鲜肉媲美等关于冷却肉的知识宣传,让冷却肉成为肉类消费主流产品,是破解"调猪"向"调肉"困境的主要方法。尖锐指出目前排名前十的猪企纷纷布局的,大城市大型屠宰和肉联厂项目,是走"调猪"的老路和死胡同,会造成极大的资源浪费。提出在生猪主产区建立肉联厂,充分利用和整合现有肉联厂资源,配齐官方兽医,加强产地检疫和屠宰检疫,加快非洲猪瘟快速检测试纸的研发,加强冷却肉加工、质量控制技术研究和国家标准的制订,中国肉类加工企业协会,承接国家主管部门移交的肉类加工社会管理职能等建议,供同行参考。     

如何使用警犬参与高速公路反盗抢行动

在打击"两抢一盗"专项行动中,高速公路盗抢案件性质恶劣,预防打击的难度较大,如何利用警犬的作业优势,在高速公路反盗抢行动中发挥独特作用,是一个新鲜而值得探讨的话题。     

Dangerous dogs in Berlin in comparison to the dog population--ways to reduce the dangerousness of dogs

The law for handling and control of dogs in Berlin of September 29, 2004 was enacted to prevent the risks for humans and animals when ever they have contact with dogs. "Dangerous dogs" are defined by this law. There are 10 breeds of dogs supposed to be dangerous due to specific characteristics of their breed ("listed breeds"). The dangerousness of a dog's breed is not identical with the dangerousness of an individual dog. The subject of this study is to examine the potential dangerousness of dog breeds and not the individual dangerousness of a dog. This study refers to statistics of incidents between dogs and humans in Berlin for the years 1998 to 2004. The population density of a breed is based on the dogs assessed for tax purposes in Berlin of January 1, 2005 and on the dog registrations maintained at veterinary hospitals. The fourfold-table-test was used to compare the quantity of the recorded incidents of two statistically independent dog breeds. Of the total population of 107,804 tax assessed dogs in Berlin in 2004, 0.9% was documented as dogs involved in incidents with humans. The incidents per year decreased in the "listed breeds"about 68% and in the "unlisted breeds" about 41% during the last 7 years in Berlin. Therefore, the probability (the odds ratio) of a breed to be conspicuous was analysed.The values for the calculation of this probability were the number of dogs of a breed having been involved in incidents compared to the population of this breed based on tax records.The comparison of the probability of a breed with another to be conspicuous was used to compile a cluster of breeds which had the same probability to be conspicuous in 2004. A cluster was assessed for dogs of the following breeds: Sheep dogs, Rottweiler, Doberman, Pitbull Terrier and American Staffordshire Terrier. A listing of breeds is not the right way to reduce the potential dangerousness of a dog, especially in the private domain of their owners. Most incidents with dogs occur in the private domain which normally is not recorded in the statistics of incidents. Therefore, it is more effective to support activities which include the training of abilities of the dog owners.Training by experts can enable dog owners to avoid conflict situations with their dog, or in case of conflict, to take appropriate actions.     

Suitability of live yeast addition to alleviate the adverse effects due to the restriction of the time of access to feed in sheep fed only pasture

The effect of yeast addition on intake and digestive utilization of pasture was studied in ovines under restricted time of access to forage. Eighteen wethers housed in metabolic cages and fed fresh forage (predominantly Lotus corniculatus) were randomly assigned to three treatments: forage available all day (AD); forage available only 6 h/day (R) and forage available only 6 h/day plus live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (RY). Feed intake and digestibility, feeding behaviour, kinetics of passage, ruminal pH and ammonia concentration, nitrogen balance and microbial nitrogen synthesis (MNS) were determined in vivo, and ruminal liquor activity of animals was evaluated in vitro. Restricted animals consumed less than those fed all day but achieved more than 75% of the intake and spent less time ruminating (p = 0.014). Although animals without restriction consumed more feed, they had a lower rate of passage (p = 0.030). The addition of yeast did affect neither intake nor feeding behaviour, but increased digestibility. Organic matter digestibility tended to increase 11% by yeast addition (p = 0.051), mainly by a rise in NDF (27%, p = 0.032) and ADF digestibility (37%, p = 0.051). Ingested and retained N was lower in restricted animals, as MNS (p ≤ 0.045). The use of yeasts did not significantly change the N balance or MNS, but retained N tended to be higher in supplemented animals (p = 0.090). Neither ruminal pH nor ammonia concentrations were affected by the restriction, but restricted animals had a lower ruminal activity evidenced by a lower volume of gas (p = 0.020). The addition of yeast overcame this limitation, noted by a higher volume of gas of inocula from supplemented animals (p = 0.015). Yeast addition emerged as a useful tool to improve digestibility of forage cell walls in ovines under restricted time of access to forage.     

Diseases of the extremities of swine in relationship to the floor condition with special reference to bursitis

In 2 pig farms, 102 sows kept in single ranging on plain concrete floor, 168 sows kept in single ranging on cast-iron grates and 27 fattening pigs kept in group penning on concrete slatted floors were repeatedly examined for the incidence of auxiliary synovial bursae (ASB). The clinical examination was completed by radiological, patho-anatomical and histological examinations of the rear legs. In sows, ASB were found on two prominences of the bones: on the latero-plantar area of the calcaneum and the fourth tarsal bone as well as on the plantar tarsal sesamoid bone. ASB on the rear legs were found in 41.2% of the sows kept on plain concrete floor and in 59.5% of the sows kept on cast-iron grates. The ASB of the sows kept on cast-iron grates were larger than those of the sows kept on plain concrete floor. In 49% of the sows kept on plain concrete floor the skin covering the ASB was reddened, in 45% of the sows kept on cast-iron grates it was covered with scab. Injury and necrosis of the skin as well as injury of the ASB themselves were found only in animals kept on cast-iron grates and made up 5% of the cases. In 30% of the cases, palpation of the ASB induced defensive movement. The palpation of ball-shaped, soft bursae more often caused defensive movement than did the palpation of flat-shaped, hard bursae. The occurrence of ASB was combined with kyphosis of the spine, false posture of the rear legs, dystasia, hyperextension of the fetlock, arthrosis of the ankle joint, and anomalies of the claws. In fattening pigs, the ASB were localized at the lateroplantar area of the calcaneum and the fourth tarsal bone as well as at the posterior surface of the calcaneum. At the end of the fattening period, ASB were detected in 26 out of 27 fattening pigs. All of the 48 ASB that were examined histologically showed signs of inflammation. In 30 cases the inflammation was chronic, in 18 cases it turned out to be florid. The results indicate that ASB cause pain during the developing phase and also in the chronic stage.     

Failure to conceive in the queen

A 13-month-old Persian queen was presented for infertility. She had been bred on two consecutive oestrous cycles on day 1 of oestrus, and on both occasions had developed a purulent vulvar discharge shortly after breeding. Treatment by the private veterinarian had included parenteral antibiotics and vaginal medications. Upon presentation to the Small Animal Reproduction Service, a complete clinical, diagnostic imaging and laboratory investigation failed to demonstrate evidence of a reproductive tract disease. Therefore, at a subsequent cycle breeding was attempted on day 3 of oestrus. The queen conceived and delivered six kittens by caesarean section. The initial inability of this queen to conceive appears to have resulted from inappropriate management practice.     

Ultrasonographic and morphological sequelae to repeated testicular biopsies in stallions in relation to the lateral branching of the testicular artery

The objectives of this study were to investigate the sequelae to repeated testicular biopsies in stallions and to determine if arterial injuries can be prevented. This study was part of a larger project focused on the antispermatogenic effects of an oral contraceptive compound, RTI‐4587‐073(l), which was given to 3 mature Miniature horse stallions, while another 3 received a placebo treatment. Testicular biopsies were taken once before treatment and 3 times after treatment. They were obtained from alternating testes, 2 procedures per testis, 2 samples each time, using a 18 gauge split‐needle core biopsy instrument (penetration depth: 22 mm). Colour Doppler ultrasonography was performed prior to the procedure to detect and thus avoid lateral branches of the testicular artery. Testicular parenchyma was evaluated ultrasonographically just before, and 2–6 h, 3 days and weekly after the biopsies were obtained. Changes in testicular volumes and semen parameters were monitored. All stallions were then castrated and the testes were evaluated for any gross pathology. There was no major scrotal swelling or gross haemorrhage after the procedures. Only mild, focal lesions were found in the testicular parenchyma 3 and 7 days after taking the biopsies. Three lateral branches of the testicular arteries were punctured, but there was no evidence of significant bleeding or other complications associated with these injuries. We conclude that repeated testicular biopsies may be taken from stallions without causing major complications, regardless of a presence or absence of the lateral branches of the testicular artery. Furthermore, we conclude that using colour Doppler ultrasonography to detect the lateral branches of the testicular arteries is unreliable; however, puncturing these vessels during a biopsy procedure does not necessarily result in significant haemorrhage.