胶质芽孢杆菌与苜蓿根瘤菌双接种对排土场紫花苜蓿生长和土壤性质的影响

为了明确胶质芽孢杆菌和苜蓿根瘤菌在矿区排土场复垦中的协同作用,以矿区排土场土壤作为基质进行盆栽试验,设置两菌单接种处理、双接种处理及对照,其中胶质芽孢杆菌和苜蓿根瘤菌用量分别为1.50%和0.25%,测定紫花苜蓿产量指标、叶片生理指标、土壤速效养分含量和土壤微生物指标。结果表明,接种胶质芽孢杆菌和苜蓿根瘤菌的各处理均能显著提高紫花苜蓿的产量指标,其中以双接种处理效果最优,将生物量和结瘤量分别比对照显著提高110.27%和124.32%;在生理指标方面,双接种处理效果低于单接种处理,未表现出协同作用;在土壤养分和微生物性质方面,单接种胶质芽孢杆菌仅显著提高土壤速效钾含量,单接种苜蓿根瘤菌对大部分指标均有显著效果,而双接种处理效果最佳,土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量比对照分别显著提高94.14%和84.55%,土壤微生物指标MBC含量、呼吸强度、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性比对照分别显著提高204.02%,65.86%,212.32%,91.87%,30.57%,51.87%。双接种处理对紫花苜蓿产量指标、养分和微生物指标表现出显著的协同作用。因此,1.50%用量胶质芽孢杆菌和0.25%用量苜蓿根瘤菌双接种能够有效提高排土场土壤的复垦效果,具有协同作用,可以作为矿区排土场复垦的高效方法。     

固氮球形芽孢杆菌与巨大芽孢杆菌的混合增效作用

球形芽孢杆菌Bs7与巨大芽孢杆菌Bm1 0 1混合培养时具有固氮增效作用。稀释 40 0倍的巨大芽孢杆菌的无菌上清液与球形芽孢杆菌共培养 ,同样能增强后者的固氮活性。Bs7(pAB5 76 )在纯培养时的nifA表达活性为 6 849 5Miller单位 ,与巨大芽孢杆菌上清培养液进行混合培养时的表达活性为 75 0 0 4Miller单位。上述结果表明 :某些微量非碳源的活性分泌物和某些固氮调节基因可能在固氮增效作用中起重要作用。在与水稻联合培养条件下 ,混合接种球形芽孢杆菌与巨大芽孢杆菌可以提高固氮菌在水稻根表的定殖能力     

接种根瘤菌对鸡骨草幼苗生长、结瘤和固氮能力的影响

用来自不同产地的鸡骨草根瘤菌接种盆栽幼苗,室内培养70 d后,测定植株生长和结瘤情况及植株含氮量。结果表明,接种根瘤菌对鸡骨草的株高、植株生物量、氮素相对积累量和固氮效率有明显的促进作用;不同来源的根瘤菌对鸡骨草生长和固氮的影响不同,来自玉林的根瘤菌菌株有较高的固氮效率。接种根瘤菌能促进鸡骨草生长,增加氮素累积,从而可以减少氮肥的使用,有利于充分发挥生物固氮的作用来提高原料药材的质量。     

土壤中大豆根瘤菌之间竞争结瘤的研究——Ⅲ.接种菌量对大豆生长的影响

本文研究了大豆根瘸菌PRC005的接菌量对大豆生长的影响.田间试验结果表明:接菌量在播种后40天和60天没有显著增加根瘤数、根瘤干重、地上部植株干重和植株含氮量.施氮肥处理和较高接菌量处理之间的大豆种子产量差异不显著,与不接菌对照处理相比,施氮肥和较高接菌量两个处理的种子产量显著增加.施氮肥处理没有使植株含氮量增加,并且还妨碍了大豆的结瘸作用.室内盆栽试验结果表明:只有当接菌量高于土著菌数1200倍时,才能显著地提高大豆的结瘤数和植株干重.     

两株芽孢杆菌对茶用菊红心菊生长和品质的影响

为探讨从不同品种菊花根际土壤中分离的两株芽孢杆菌对茶用菊生长和品质的影响,以茶用菊红心菊为试验材料,研究对照(CK)、接种解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理(Ba)、接种枯草芽孢杆菌处理(Bs)、接种解淀粉芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌混合处理(Ba+Bs)对茶用菊红心菊各生育期生理指标的影响。结果表明,苗期菌剂对各生理指标的促生效果显著高于生长期和花期;花期时,菌剂接种处理均不同程度地促进了茶用菊红心菊收获时品质和产量的提高,其中绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量与CK相比平均提高20%左右,且三组接种菌剂处理之间无显著差异,而Ba+Bs处理后红心菊的黄酮含量最高,比CK提高15.64%,同时该处理红心菊的估产量也最高,比CK、Ba和Bs分别提高了152.00%、64.12%和33.61%。综上所述,在茶用菊苗期栽培土壤中混合接种解淀粉芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌(Ba+Bs)可以显著提高红心菊外观品质、花期产量以及茶用品质。本研究结果为今后茶用菊功能微生物有机肥研发奠定了良好的基础。     

钒对大豆结瘤和固氮的影响

通过土培试验研究了钒对春大豆、秋大豆结瘤和固氮的影响,试验结构表明：钒处理影响大豆结瘤,使大豆植株单株瘤数、单株重减少。但钒可促进根瘤个体发育使根瘤个体重量增加,钒处理还增加大豆根瘤因氮酶活性,但不能增加大豆－－根瘤共生固氮体系的固氮效率。     

根瘤菌与促生菌双接种对大豆生长和土壤酶活的影响

【目的】慢生大豆根瘤菌和胶质类芽孢杆菌单一菌株固氮或促生效果及机理已有较多研究,但两者双接种对作物的作用和增产机理尚未有所报道。本研究以慢生大豆根瘤菌5136与胶质类芽孢杆菌3016为研究对象,通过田间小区试验研究根瘤菌与促生菌不同施用模式对大豆生长和土壤酶活的影响,以期为开发新型高效复合菌剂提供理论依据。【方法】试验设对照(T1)、接种胶质类芽孢杆菌3016菌剂(T2)、接种慢生大豆根瘤菌5136菌剂(T3),胶质类芽孢杆菌3016和慢生大豆根瘤菌5136双接种(T4)和常规施肥(T5)5个处理,分别于大豆不同生育期调查大豆的农艺性状和结瘤状况,测定土壤酶活性,用BOX-PCR技术监测慢生大豆根瘤菌5136的占瘤率。【结果】1)在大豆成熟期,双接种(T4)处理的大豆单株分枝数、单株粒数、收获指数和产量均为最高,分别比T1高11.3%、9.7%、41.0%和9.3%,且单株空荚数最低,比T1降低了44.0%。2)在花荚期,双接种(T4)处理的占瘤率为25.4%,比T3处理高8.0%,且单株根瘤数和单株根瘤干重均为最高,分别比T1高41.6%和47.1%;说明双接种处理下,胶质类芽孢杆菌3016能够促进慢生大豆根瘤菌5136结瘤固氮。3)接种微生物菌剂均可不同程度地提高土壤酶活性,以双接种(T4)处理的效果最为显著,在大豆成熟期,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均为最高,分别比对照高12.9%、8.9%和9.4%。4)相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与大豆收获指数显著正相关或极显著正相关(P0.01或P0.05),其中过氧化氢酶与产量显著正相关;单株根瘤数和单株根瘤干重均与收获指数和蔗糖酶活性呈极显著正相关,与产量呈显著正相关。【结论】慢生大豆根瘤菌和胶质类芽孢杆菌双接种可以促进大豆生长,显著增加大豆的单株分枝数、单株粒数、收获指数和占瘤率,降低单株空荚数,增加大豆产量,同时可显著提高相关土壤酶活性,是一种节本增效的农艺措施。     

马占相思根瘤菌结瘤固氮特性的分析

相思属（Acacia）树种是速生的热带、亚热带豆科植物。对现在大面积种植的相思树品种——马占相思的根瘤菌进行分离和筛选，获得菌株若干株，对它们的结瘤固氮特性和对马占相思、大叶相思及厚荚相思生长的影响等进行了初步研究。结果表明。无氮条件下接种马占相思根瘤菌，能显著促进这3个树种的株重、株高和生物量的增长；苗圃接种马占相思根瘤菌。马占相思苗高增加27．6％，地径增加14．8％，植株鲜重增加32．6％，结瘤数增加83．8％。     

安徽省北部大豆根瘤菌的分离,血清学分析及田间自然结瘤调查

对安徽省北部分离的２７株快生大豆根瘤菌和３８株慢生大豆根瘤菌的血清学分析及田间自然结瘤的血清学调查表明：００５血清型系安徽北部夏大豆产区占据优势的血清型，１８组样品和再现频率为１００％；３６株分离物中２６株属００５血清型，占总分离物的７２．５％。２０４８血清型出现频率为８３．３％；在３组样品中占瘤率达４１－５１。６％。２１７血清型占瘤率普遍低于１６％。讨论了自然结瘤调查中采样地点，大豆品种和土壤类     

含枯草芽孢杆菌肥料对大豆叶片光合作用及土壤酶活性的影响

为了减少大豆生产过程中化肥的施用量及对黑土地的保护,开展大豆田间试验,分别施用大豆专用复合肥(CK)、枯草芽孢杆菌+氨基酸型有机肥(T1)、枯草芽孢杆菌+黄腐酸钾肥(T2)、枯草芽孢杆菌+海藻精粉颗粒肥(T3)、枯草芽孢杆菌秸秆腐熟有机肥(T4)、枯草芽孢杆菌鸡粪腐熟有机肥(T5),综合评价各种肥料对大豆光合作用和土壤...     

Multiple occupancy of nodules by nodulating rhizobia on field-grown soybeans with attendance of Sinorhizobium spp.

Abstract

This study analyzed the phenotypic and genotypic characters of nodulating rhizobia isolated from two soybean cultivars, Kyushu 151 and Sachiyutaka, in the same field of the Yamaguchi Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture and Forestry in Japan. The isolates were classified into groups using phenotypic characteristics, such as growth rate, color change on Bromothymol blue-containing yeast extract-mannitol agar (YMA) plates and colony morphology on YMA plates, and by genotypic characteristics, such as polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rDNA) and the internal transcribed sequence (ITS) regions. In Kyushu 151, single phenotypic and genotypic groups were isolated from every nodule examined. In Sachiyutaka, plural strains belonging to distinct groups were obtained frequently from single nodules, indicating that multiple occupancy was established at high frequency. No fixed combination of the groups was found in the composition of multiple occupancy. An increase in the relative abundance of isolates belonging to Sinorhizobium fredii (Ensifer fredii) occurred concomitantly with the increase in the proportion of nodules with multiple occupancy. Nearly 60% of the isolates from Sachiyutaka belonged to S. fredii; 75% of them were obtained from nodules with multiple occupancy.     

Soybean preference for Bradyrhizobium japonicum for nodulation

For examining the probability of increase in the occupation ratio of inoculated rhizobium in nodules, various Rj-soybean cultivars including the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-lines of soybean were grown in a field of the Kyushu University Farm. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 that carries uptake hydrogenase (Hup⁺) was used as an inoculum. The relative efficiency of nitrogen fixation generally increased by the inoculation. However, there were no significant differences in the effects among the genotypes of the host plants. The occupation ratio of serogroup USDA110 in the nodules on the taproot of the inoculated plants was in the range of 77–100%, suggesting that the B. japonicum strain USDA110 infected taproots immediately after inoculation. The occupation ratios in the nodules on the lateral roots were 53–67, 40–86, 63–83, and 62–77% in inoculated plants of the non-Rj-, Rj ₂ Rj ₃-, Rj ₄-, and Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes, respectively, and they decreased in all the genotypes with the progression of growth. At the time of the first sampling, the occupation ratios on the lateral roots of these Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes showed values intermediate between those of IAC-2 (Rj ₂ Rj ₃) and Hill (Rj ₄) , which were the parent cultivars of the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-lines, B340, B349, and C242. The reduction in the occupation ratio of the serogroup USDA110 for about 1 month after the first sampling was the lowest (0.13–0.16) in the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes, excluding B349, followed by the non-Rj- and Rj ₂ Rj ₃-genotypes and highest (0.52–0.69) in the Rj ₄-genotypes, excluding Hill. Therefore, it was considered that the population of compatible rhizobia with host soybean plants increased in the rhizosphere with the progression of the development and growth. The results showed that with the expansion of the root area of host plants, the occupation ratio of type A rhizobia including the serogroup USDA110 was high. Therefore, the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes were superior to other Rj-genotypes in terms of the inoculation effects of nodulation type A rhizobium, B. japonicum USDA110. However, the preference of the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotype for serogroup USDA110 is not sufficient to rule out the competition with the other serogroups in this study. Therefore, the study should be centered on the isolation of more efficient (Hup⁺) and highly compatible rhizobial strains with the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄- genotypes.     

EFFECTS OF SINGLE,DUAL AND TRIPLE INOCULATIONS WITH BACILLUS SUBTILIS,BACILLUS MEGATERIUM AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM BV. PHASEOLI ON NODULATION,NUTRIENT UPTAKE,YIELD AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. CV. ‘ELKOCA-05’)

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of single, dual, and triple inoculations with Rhizobium, N₂-fixing Bacillus subtilis (OSU-142), and P-solubilizing Bacillus megaterium (M-3) on nodulation, plant growth, nutrient uptake and seed yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Elkoca-05’) in comparison to control and mineral fertilizer application under field conditions in 2006 and 2007 in the cold highland in Erzurum plateau (29° 55′ N and 41° 16′ E with an altitude of 1850 m), Turkey. Bacterial inoculations significantly increased all the parameters investigated compared with the control treatment, equal to or higher than nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and NP treatments. The lowest shoot dry weight and chlorophyll content values were recorded in the control treatment and the bacterial inoculations increased shoot dry weight by 19.7–54.3% and chlorophyll content by 34.1–59.3% over control. Nodule dry weight significantly increased in Rhizobium alone treatment. Additionally, nodulation by native soil Rhizobium population was increased in single inoculations of OSU-142 and M-3. Significant increases of the seed yield under different inoculation treatments ranged between by 6.6% (Rhizobium + OSU-142 + M-3) and 12.2% (OSU-142 alone) over the control whereas N, P and NP applications corresponded to increases of 5.6%, 4.0% and 7.4%, respectively. All bacterial inoculations, especially triple inoculation, significantly increased uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients by common bean. In conclusion, seed inoculation with Rhizobium, OSU-142 and M-3, especially OSU-142 alone, may substitute partially costly NP fertilizers in common bean production even in cold highland areas such as in Erzurum.     

Estimation of the bacterial community diversity of soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia isolated from Rj-genotype soybeans

Abstract

The diversities of communities of soybean-nodulating indigenous bradyrhizobia in Japan were estimated using mathematical ecology methods based on the results of polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S–23S rDNA internal-transcribed spacer region. Polar ordination analysis indicated a significant correlation between the compositions of bradyrhizobial communities and northern latitudes in Japan. This result suggests that the composition and the geographical distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia might be affected by soil temperature and the associated diversity of the host plants acclimatized to a particular climate. Furthermore, for estimation of the compositional difference in bacterial communities among three different Rj-genotype soybean cultivars, an analysis of the diversity indexes was conducted and this analysis indicated differences in the composition of the communities isolated from the Rj ₂ Rj ₃-genotype compared with those from the non-Rj- and Rj ₄-genotype cultivars. This result suggests that Rj ₂ Rj ₃-genotype soybeans might affect not only compatibility with particular bradyrhizobia, but also preference to bradyrhizobia for nodulation.     

解磷菌株YR-P31 的分离、鉴定、 生物学特性及其促生作用

从水稻等作物根际土壤中分离到1株解磷菌。该菌株能够以Ca3(PO4)2为唯一的磷源良好地生长。经过对其形态特征、生理生化分析,初步鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌属细菌。该菌株利用无机磷培养基生长的最适温度和pH值分别为35℃和7.0,其解磷作用是通过溶磷圈及在液体培养基内可溶性磷的增加来证实的。此外该菌株在固体培养基上还能促进大肠杆菌的生长。该菌株具有解磷能力和促生作用,在微生物肥料的进一步开发中具有很大的潜力。