中药肠炎康治疗猪大肠杆菌病的临床试验

[摘 要] 为了验证中药肠炎康对猪大肠杆菌的临床效果,对猪人工感染大肠杆菌进行治疗性试验。利用大肠杆菌O301对试验组猪进行人工感染后,分为肠炎康低、中、高,庆大霉素治疗试验。结果表明拌入饲料肠炎康（拌料10g/kg ,连用3d）治疗猪大肠杆菌病疗效可靠,效果明显。对人工感染引起的猪大肠杆菌病治愈为86.7%,有效率100%,并能显著降低猪死亡率。     

中药肠炎康治疗猪大肠杆菌病的临床试验研究

为验证中药肠炎康[1]对猪大肠杆菌病的临床效果,对人工感染大肠杆菌猪进行治疗性试验.用大肠杆菌O301对试验组猪进行人工感染后,分为肠炎康低、中、高剂量治疗试验组,庆大霉素药物对照组和阳性对照组.结果表明,拌入饲料肠炎康(拌料10 g/kg体重 ,连用3 d)治疗猪大肠杆菌病,疗效可靠,效果明显.对人工感染引起的猪大肠杆菌病治愈率为86.7%,有效率100%,并能显著降低猪死亡率.     

规模化猪场对大肠杆菌病防控效果的观察

大肠杆菌病对仔猪正常生长发育影响很大,几十年来不断给各地的养猪业造成经济损失,有关专家就防控工作进行了方方面面的研究,但各说异同,没有形成统一的观点。为更好地对猪大肠杆菌病进行防控,笔者从环境因素、疫苗免疫、药物预防等方面进行了猪大肠杆菌病防控专题观察试验,以期为猪大肠杆菌病的防控提供理论依据。     

猪大肠杆菌病防治研究进展

猪大肠杆菌病已经成为危害养猪业的重要疾病之一。为了有效防治猪大肠杆菌病,文章综述了国内外近年来对猪大肠杆菌病防治的相关研究,为有效防治猪大肠杆菌病提供思路。     

猪大肠杆菌病的诊治方法

正猪大肠杆菌病是一种急性、多型性肠道传染病,是由致病性大肠杆菌引起的。猪大肠杆菌病地仔猪成活率的影响非常大,给养猪者造成了很严重的经济损失,并对养猪业也具有一定的影响。猪大肠杆菌病是散发性流行病,发病率和死亡率都较高,养猪的环境也会引发大肠杆菌病蔓延。大肠杆菌病发病没有季节性。1猪大肠杆菌病的分类猪大肠杆菌病主要分为三种类型:1.1仔猪黄痢是由血清型的大肠杆菌引发一种急性致死性的传染病,     

猪大肠杆菌病的诊断与综合防治

正猪大肠杆菌病是由大肠杆菌引起的一类传染病的统称。依据病原菌血清类型和生长日龄的不同,可以分为仔猪黄痢、白痢以及水肿病,可导致猪的不良生长,严重时会发生猪死亡。本文主要介绍猪大肠杆菌病的诊断及综合防治策略,供参考。1临床诊断1.1仔猪黄痢同一猪舍有一头仔猪患病,大约2d后整个     

冰片注射液体外抑菌试验观察

评价冰片注射液对仔猪水肿病致病菌的抗病效力。采用体外抑菌试验方法。观察本品对大肠杆菌K88,溶血性大肠杆菌、猪丹毒杆菌、猪巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌效果。试验结果,本品对大肠杆菌K88、溶血性大肠杆菌、猪丹毒杆菌、猪巴氏杆菌均有较强的抑制作用,且抑菌效价均在1：8以上。提示冰片注射液具有抗大肠杆菌磁、溶血性大肠杆菌、猪丹毒杆菌、猪巴氏杆菌的作用。可试用于仔猪水肿病、猪丹毒、猪肺疫等病的治疗。     

江苏中部地区猪大肠杆菌病血清型鉴定及毒力基因的调查

为了调查江苏中部地区猪大肠杆菌病的流行情况,笔者从江苏中部地区的发病猪场采集413份疑似猪大肠杆菌病病料进行细菌分离和生化鉴定,采用PCR方法对毒力基因进行检测,以期对江苏地区研制猪大肠杆菌疫苗和筛选防治猪大肠杆菌病敏感药物提供参考。     

仔猪致病性大肠杆菌血清型鉴定

猪大肠杆菌病是对养猪生产危害较严重的传染性疾病之一,临床上以仔猪黄痢和白痢最为常见。猪大肠杆菌病病死率较高,而且严重影响仔猪生长发育,导致饲养成本增高,给养猪业带来巨大经济损失。另一方面,致病大肠杆菌血清型不断发生变化,给猪大肠杆菌病的控制增加了困难。因此,为摸清我地区猪大肠杆菌病流行菌株血清型,     

猪大肠杆菌病的诊断与防治措施

近几年,养猪场因猪大肠杆菌感染导致猪死亡的现象时有发生。猪大肠杆菌病的发病率较高,传播速度较快,传染性较强,猪群一旦被致病性大肠杆菌感染,会给养猪场带来巨大损失。本文深入探究了猪大肠杆菌病的诊断与防治措施,以减少猪大肠杆菌病的发病率,降低养殖户的经济损失。     

In vitro complex formation and inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity by different macrolides and tiamulin in goats and cattle

In humans, clinically relevant drug-drug interactions occur with some macrolide antibiotics via the formation of stable metabolic intermediate (MI) complexes with enzymes of the cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) subfamily. The formation of such complexes can result in a decreased biotransformation rate of simultaneously administered drugs. In previous studies it was shown that the veterinary antibiotic tiamulin was also able to form a stable MI complex in pigs and rats. In the present study the relative CYP3A inhibiting potency and MI complex formation of a series of macrolide antibiotics and tiamulin were studied in microsomal fractions of goat and cattle and in a cell-line expressing bovine CYP3A. Tiamulin and triacetyloleandomycin (TAO) were found to be effective inhibitors of CYP450 activity in all systems tested. Erythromycin and tilmicosin were found to be relatively less effective inhibitors of CYP450 activity in microsomes, and their activity in the bovine CYP3A4 expressing cell line was relatively weak. Tylosin was shown to be a weak inhibitor in microsomes and not in the cell line, whereas spiramycin had no effect at all. MI-complex formation measured by spectral analysis was seen with TAO, tiamulin, erythromycin and tylosin, but not with tilmicosin and spiramycin. Although additional factors play a role in vivo, these results may explain potential drug-drug interactions and differences between related compounds in this respect.     

The effect of tiamulin administered by different routes and at different ages to turkeys receiving monensin in their feed

Healthy turkeys receiving 80 ppm monensin in their feed were injected at 26, 40 and 61 days of age with tiamulin at dosages of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight. The aim of the study was to develop a regime for medicating with tiamulin turkeys receiving monensin in their feed, and which would circumvent the known toxicity created by the simultaneous administration of the two drugs. One injection of 12.5 mg/kg tiamulin up to the age of 61 days or 2 injections of 12.5 mg/kg tiamulin up to 40 days of age caused no mortality or adverse reaction.     

Efficacy of tiamulin as a growth promotant for growing swine

A study involving 244 pigs initially averaging 13 kg was conducted at two stations to evaluate tiamulin as a growth promotant for growing swine. In each experiment, four replicate pens of five (Exp. 1) or six (Exp. 2) pigs/pen were used to evaluate each treatment. In Exp. 1, pigs were fed 0, 11, 22 or 44 ppm tiamulin from 15 to 58 kg, then fed a nonmedicated control diet for the remainder of the experiment (to 95 kg). In Exp. 2, pigs were fed 0, 2.75, 5.5, 11 or 22 ppm tiamulin from 11 to 56 kg, followed by the nonmedicated control diet (to 95 kg). In each experiment, carbadox (55 ppm) was included as a positive control and was fed to an average weight of 35 kg, followed by the control diet. Averaged across all dietary levels, tiamulin resulted in a 14.1% improvement in gain and a 5.7% improvement in feed:gain ratio during the first 28 to 35 d of the experiment (to 30 kg). These improvements were slightly less than those resulting from the feeding of carbadox during the same period (21.5 and 6.9%, respectively). From 13 to 57 kg, pigs fed tiamulin gained 11.6% faster and 3.1% more efficiently than did controls. Over the entire experiment (13 to 95 kg), tiamulin-fed pigs gained 5.7% faster than did controls, even though the tiamulin was withdrawn at 57 kg body weight. Growth rate from 13 to 57 kg plateaued at the 11-ppm dietary level of tiamulin; whereas, feed:gain ratio plateaued at the 22-ppm level. The results indicate that tiamulin is an effective growth promotant for growing swine.     

Studies on the toxic interaction between monensin and tiamulin in rats: effects on P450 activities

Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of monensin and tiamulin, and the simultaneous administration of both compounds on microsomal enzymes in rats. In Phase I of the experiments the effects of monensin and tiamulin were studied separately (monensin 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg or tiamulin 40, 120, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively), while in Phase II the two compounds were administered simultaneously (monesin 10 mg/kg and tiamulin 40 mg/kg b.w., respectively). When monensin was administered by itself, it exerted no significant effect on microsomal liver enzymes. In a few cases, slight inhibition of certain enzyme activities was seen. Tiamulin provoked a dose-dependent hepatic enzyme induction. The combined administration of monensin and tiamulin at low doses (10 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) resulted in marked elevation of P450-related enzyme activities. The enzyme induction was more pronounced in females than in males. The results suggest that the simultaneous administration of tiamulin may influence the biotransformation of monensin, possibly increasing the amount of reactive metabolite(s) of the ionophore antibiotic.     

环丙沙星等药物对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗比较试验

12日龄罗曼公雏鸡 ,试验接种感染鸡大肠杆菌病 ,然后用环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、蒽诺沙星、培氟沙星、硫酸新霉素进行肌肉注射给药 ,以比较其抗菌疗效。通过临床观察记录、尸体剖检、细菌检验 ,结果表明 :试验药物组与感染对照组差异极显著 ,即试验药物对雏鸡大肠杆菌病有良好疗效 ;环丙沙星对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗效果显著高于培氟沙星 ,建议今后尽量不用培氟沙星治疗雏鸡大肠杆菌病。     

Tiamulin selectively inhibits oxidative hepatic steroid and drug metabolism in vitro in the pig

The simultaneous use of the antibiotic tiamulin with certain ionophoric antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin) may give rise to a toxic interaction in pigs and poultry. In the present study, effects of tiamulin on hepatic cytochrome P450 activities in vitro were studied using pig liver microsomes. When tiamulin was added to the incubation medium the N-demethylation rate of ethylmorphine and the hydroxylation of testosterone at the 6β- and 1 lα- positions was sirongly inhibited. Tiamulin inhibited these activities more than SKF525A or cimetidine, but less than ketoconazole. The microsomal N-demethylation rate of erythromycin and the hydroxylation of testosterone at the 28- position were inhibited to a lesser degree, whereas the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, aniline hydroxylation and testosterone hydroxylations at the 15α- and 15β- positions were not affected by tiamulin. No in vitro complexation by tiamulin of cytochrome P450 resulting in a loss of CO-binding capacity could be demonstrated. Results from the present study suggest a selective inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes in pigs, probably belonging to the P4503A subfamily. The mechanism of this interaction is still unclear. However, interactions between tiamulin and those veterinary drugs or endogenous compounds which undergo oxidative metabolism by P450 enzymes must be considered. More research is needed to reveal which of the P450 enzymes are affected by tiamulin in order to improve the understanding and probably the predictability of this interaction.     

恩诺沙星注射液对仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻临床疗效试验

大肠杆菌病是引起仔猪腹泻的重要原因之一,该病目前主要靠药物来进行防治,但由于抗菌药物的不当使用,很多常用的药物敏感性下降。恩诺沙星是普莱柯生物工程股份有限公司根据市场耐药性的调查结果研制出来的新型制剂,为了考察其临床使用效果,选用豫北地区30日龄的患病仔猪进行治疗,同时用进口恩诺沙星注射液和国内市售恩诺沙星注射液进行对比,观察治疗效果。     

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of five antimicrobials against Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of carbadox, dimetridazole, lincomycin, ronidazole, and tiamulin against isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens were determined by an agar-dilution method. The results obtained indicated that tiamulin was the most effective antimicrobial in vitro against T. hyodysenteriae, followed by carbadox. Dimetridazole, lincomycin, and ronidazole had poor efficacy in vitro against the T. hyodysenteriae isolates. Isolates of T. innocens were more sensitive to the various antimicrobials. Carbadox and tiamulin were the most effective in vitro, followed by ronidazole, dimetridazole, and lincomycin.     

Investigation of pharmacokinetic parameters of tiamulin after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in normal dogs

Laber, G. Investigation of pharmacokinetic parameters of tiamulin after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in normal dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 11 , 45–49.
Kinetic variables for tiamulin in the normal dog have been determined. Serum concentrations of tiamulin were compared after intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of a single dose of tiamulin. Following a single i.m. dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, the compound was calculated to have a C_max= 0.61 ± 0.15 μg/ml, a T _max= 6 h and a t _½= 4.7 ± 1.4 h. Tiamulin showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics when given as a single s.c. dose of either 10 mg or 25 mg/kg body weight. For the lower dose, the values C_max= 1.55 ± 0.11 μg/ml, T _max= 8 h and 1 _max= 4.28 ± 0.18 h were obtained. For the higher dose C _max= 3.14 ± 0.04 μg/ml, T _max= 8 h and t _½= 12.4 ± 3.4 h were calculated. When tiamulin was administered subcutaneously at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight, higher and better maintained serum levels were achieved than those following i.m. administration. After repeated s.c. doses no significant accumulation of tiamulin occurred. Assuming that a continuous effective serum concentration is necessary throughout the course of therapy, these data would indicate that tiamulin should be given every 24 h.     

Penetration of some antibiotics into the lacrimal fluid of sheep

Antibiotic concentrations were determined in the lacrimal fluid of sheep following subcutaneous application of penicillin/ dihydrostreptomycin into the lower eyelid, and intramuscular administration of spiramycin base, tiamulin, and oxytetracycline formulations. The penetration of penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin into the lacrimal fluid was poor. The spiramycin and tiamulin concentrations in the lacrimal fluid were 10‐ and 4‐fold higher than in the serum. The peak spiramycin concentration in the lacrimal fluid was 3.4 ±0.8 μg/ml at 8 h post injection (p.i.) and the drug could be detected at least 72 h p. i. For tiamulin and oxytetracycline (OTC) peak concentrations of 1.53 ±0.70 and 1.88 ±1.9 μg/ml, respectively, were achieved in the lacrimal fluid and these drugs could be detected 25 to 30 h p.i. The OTC and tiamulin concentration‐time curves for lacrimal fluid and serum were parallel, whereas for the spiramycin appearance in the lacrimal fluid was delayed.