中华蜜蜂越冬阶段维生素和矿物质营养需要量

本试验旨在初步探索中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)越冬阶段维生素与矿物质的需要量.根据中华蜜蜂天然饲料--蜂蜜中的维生素和矿物质的含量设计试验饲料(维生素中剂量组、维生素高剂量组、矿物质中剂量组、矿物质高剂量组、维生素中剂量+矿物质高剂量组、维生素高剂量+矿物质中剂量组),测定维生素和矿物质对中华蜜蜂越冬阶段蜂群群势削减率和越冬饲料消耗量2个指标的影响,并以糖水和蜂蜜为对照进行比较,研究中华蜜蜂越冬阶段对维生素和矿物质的需求量.结果表明:在越冬阶段,除了使用天然蜂蜜作为越冬饲料外,也可以在中华蜜蜂常规饲料--糖水中添加复合维生素和矿物质来满足蜜蜂越冬的部分营养需求,复合维生素的最佳添加剂量应低于0.08 mg/kg,复合矿物质的最佳添加剂量应在0.95～1.89 mg/kg.     

矿物质和维生素对奶牛繁殖的影响

奶牛对矿物质需求的种类很多,起主要作用的有;钙、磷、锰、铜、碘、锌、硒.维生素中对奶牛生长繁殖影响大的是维生素A、维生素E、维生素D、维生素B等.上述矿物质和维生素是维持奶牛正常生长繁殖必不可少的营养成分.如果奶牛缺乏矿物质和维生素,不但影响奶牛的生长发育,最重要的是影响繁殖能力、降低产奶量.因此,在饲喂时,应加强对各类饲草料的合理搭配,保证奶牛对矿物质和维生素的正常需求.     

饲料维生素矿物质失调对禽类的影响

维生素和矿物质是家禽维持生命、生长发育、进行正常生理机能和新陈代谢所必需的营养物质.家禽对维生素和矿物质的需要量甚微,但在禽体物质代谢中起着极其重要的作用.维生素和矿物质缺乏时会造成禽体新陈代谢紊乱、生长停滞以及发生各种疾病,严重时甚至可引起死亡.综述了维生素和矿物质不足或过量对禽类的影响.     

维生素和矿物质添加剂对猪肉品质的影响

现在越来越多的动物营养学家认识到日粮的组成对肉质也有很重要的影响，尤其是添加维生素、矿物质的日粮。日粮中添加维生素、矿物质要根据动物的品种、肉的品质客观地来确定。现在人们对维生素E、维生素C、核黄素、和含钾、镁的矿物质比较重视。     

如何自行生产猪禽用微量矿物质预混料

正大多数动物饲料生产商,尤其是小型饲料厂,会采购预先混合好的维生素和微量矿物质混合物,即所谓的维生素与微量矿物质预混料或VTM预混料。人们会根据饲料品种向饲料中添加不同数量的预混料,或单独用于每种不同饲料。总的来看,建议采购两种不同的预混料,维生素和微量矿物质各1种,因为某些矿物质与维生素密切接触时会破坏维生素。因此,如果单独购买微量矿物质预混料,那么考虑自行配制这种预混料也非常有趣。节约永远不     

猪的养分供给量

维生素和矿物质 表3和表4所列出的矿物质和维生素供给量,对于用玉米-豆粕型日粮饲喂的猪,是支持最佳生长和生殖状态所必需的。除了这里所提到的那些矿物质和维生素以外,有时在添加物料中还包含有其它的矿物质和维生素。某些证据表明,在母猪的日粮中补充叶酸和生物素是有益     

矿物质和维生素对草鱼种生长的影响

矿物质、维生素是鱼类生长发育不可缺少的活性物质,在鱼体及饲料中含量虽少,但对鱼类的生长和健康关系极大。在高密度集约化养殖条件下,在鱼类饲料中合理地添加将会使养鱼效果和经济效益得到提高。因而矿物质、维生素预混料成为鱼饲料中的一种必需成分。 草鱼是我国传统的主养经济鱼类。本试验旨在探讨矿物质和维生素间组合使用效果以及合理配比,筛选对草鱼种生长较适宜的矿物质和维生素预混料,为生产实践提供指导。     

维生素和矿物质对犬受孕的影响

维生素和矿物质是犬不可缺少的物质,在机体中发挥重要作用。维生素和矿物质在生殖过程中所起的作用也越来越受到重视。     

食物缺乏症和仔猪营养性贫血

幼畜需要良好饲料、阳光照射、新鲜空气、运动以及牧场放牧,才能生长成为一个健畜。仔猪贫血和白痢病均系饲养管理和卫生不良所致。在矿物质方面,若仔猪饲料中缺乏铁、铜、钙、镁、磷和碘,几乎常可引起疾病。矿物质缺乏症和维生素缺乏症是紧密相关的,在日粮中尽管含有必需的矿物质,然而若缺乏某些维生素,则机体仍将不能进行同化过程。已知某些维生素能严重地影响某些矿物质的新陈代谢,因此,若严格地区分为矿物质缺乏症和维生素缺乏症,显然不如称之为“食物缺乏症”还来得更为恰当。“食物缺乏症”实际上已经按照其各个主要症状从而     

维生素和矿物质对犬受孕的影响

维生素和矿物质是犬不可缺少的物质,在机体中发挥重要作用。维生素和矿物质在生殖过程中所起的作用也越来越受到重视。一、维生素维生素是维持犬正常生命活动所必需的一类低分子有机化合物,是许多酶的辅酶或辅基的组成成分,起着调节免疫力和控制代谢的     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。