抗旱型小扁豆品种早期筛选试验

干旱在宁夏南部山区发生频繁,严重影响产量,是制约宁夏南部山区小扁豆生产的瓶颈。因此,培育和选择抗旱型新品种是解决宁夏南部山区水资源不足和干旱胁迫的主要途径之一。因此,及时准确地筛选和鉴定小扁豆新品系的抗旱性,是进行小扁豆育种和筛选小扁豆新品种的基础,也是缩短育种年限的有效途径。为此,本研究对自育的24份小扁豆新品系,以株高、单株荚数、单株粒数、籽粒产量为指标,用抗旱指数法进行分级,筛选出1级抗旱(高抗)品系7份,2级抗旱品系5份,3级中抗类型3份,4级弱抗类型3份,5级不抗类型6份。     

小扁豆新品种晋扁豆3号的选育经过及高产栽培技术

选育高产优质的小扁豆新品种是促进晋北地区及同类生态区小扁豆生产的有效途径。晋扁豆3号是山西省农业科学院玉米研究所小杂豆课题组以晋北农家小扁豆品种为基础材料利用系统选择法选育而成的小扁豆新品种,2015年9月通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。本文总结了晋扁豆3号的选育过程、特征特性及产量表现,介绍了其栽培技术,主要包括轮作倒茬、整地施肥、种子处理、播种、田间管理、收获与储存等方面内容,以期为该品种的高产种植提供参考依据。     

重金属锌胁迫对小扁豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

[目的]探究锌胁迫对小扁豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的作用。[方法]采用浓度分别为0、20、50、100、200、400 mg/L的锌溶液处理小扁豆种子,测定锌胁迫对小扁豆种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。[结果]低浓度(20 mg/L)锌处理对小扁豆种子的发芽率、发芽势等有促进作用;超过一定浓度(200 mg/L)后,小扁豆种子的萌发受到抑制,随处理浓度的增加,小扁豆根长、芽长、根鲜重及芽鲜重均呈下降趋势,锌胁迫对根长的抑制作用最大,对芽长的影响最小。随锌胁迫浓度的增加,小扁豆种子过氧化物酶活性和可溶性糖含量基本呈先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性蛋白含量呈上升趋势。[结论]锌处理对小扁豆种子萌发具有低浓度下的促进效应和高浓度下的抑制效应,随锌胁迫浓度的增加,小扁豆幼苗生长的抑制作用越强。     

氮离子注入小扁豆的诱变效应

分析不同剂量氮离子注入(N+)对小扁豆出苗率及后代遗传变异的影响,初步探索氮离子注入小扁豆的诱变效应,以期获得小扁豆优良变异株。结果表明,2.0×1016,4.0×1016N+/cm2这2个剂量对小扁豆的出苗率有一定的提升作用,但与对照相比差异不显著,且这2个剂量间差异不显著;6.0×1016,8.0×1016,1.0×1017N+/cm2这3个氮离子注入剂量与小扁豆出苗率呈显著负相关,且3个剂量处理之间及其与对照之间差异显著;N+注入可诱发小扁豆生育期、株高、粒形、粒色等农艺性状发生突变,并且随着N+剂量的加大,变异株率呈现上升的趋势;诱变当代(M1)产生的表型变异在后代是部分遗传的。     

干旱胁迫和播种方式对小扁豆生化指标与生物量的影响

采用盆栽试验,对不同播种方式和水分处理下2个小扁豆品种叶片中丙二醛、脯氨酸含量及生物量进行了初步研究。结果表明,随着水分处理时间增加,2种水分处理下小扁豆叶片中丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均呈增加趋势,且从水分处理开始,低水处理小扁豆叶片中的丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均高于高水处理。播种方式对小扁豆叶片中丙二醛、脯氨酸含量也有一定影响,单播方式下,两品种小扁豆叶片中丙二醛、脯氨酸含量变化趋势基本相似,且品种龙泉的含量稍大于清水;混播方式下,品种龙泉的丙二醛含量大于清水,但脯氨酸含量则相反,为品种清水大于龙泉。地上生物量及籽粒产量在不同处理下,以品种清水显著高于龙泉,表明品种清水水分利用效率高于龙泉。通过试验分析可知,品种清水抗旱性强于龙泉,且品种清水混播优于单播,而龙泉单播优于混播。     

小扁豆花芽分化与结实率的研究

１９９２～１９９７年对小扁豆花芽分化与结实率进行了研究,结果表明,小扁豆的生长期长,分枝多,花芽分化开展早,分化时间长,分化小花多,前期慢,后期快,当主茎或分枝上某一节位第一杂小花开放以后,位于该节位以下各节位的小花,不论花芽分化到哪一个时期。都开始退化,而上部各节位的小花,随着植株的生长,仍在继续分化,末花期以后再开放的花,基本上都是无效花,小扁豆的小花多集中在一级分枝上,其次是主茎。     

干旱半干旱区小扁豆丰产栽培技术

阐述了小扁豆对生长环境的要求,介绍了其丰产栽培技术,主要包括选地整地、种子处理、适期播种、肥水管理、虫草害防治、收获与贮藏等方面内容,以期为种植户提供技术参考。     

食用豆类资源创新品种选育进展及发展策略

据FAO统计资料,面积和产量排前八位的世界主要食用豆类依次为菜豆、鹰嘴豆、豇豆、豌豆、木豆、小扁豆、蚕豆和羽扇豆。全世界117个国家生产菜豆,54个国家生产鹰嘴豆,34个国家生产豇豆,93个国家生产豌豆,22个国家生产木豆,55个国家生产小扁豆,57个国家生产蚕豆,21个国家生产羽扇豆。绿豆、小豆、饭豆、黑吉豆生产主要分布在亚洲。     

渭源县北部半干旱区小扁豆优质丰产栽培技术

为充分发挥杂粮小扁豆的增产潜力,本文总结了小扁豆优质丰产栽培技术,包括选地整地、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获等方面内容,以期为渭源县北部半干旱区种植户提供参考。     

小扁豆特征特性及高产栽培技术

小扁豆(Lens culinaris Medik),又名冰豆、鸡眼豆等。小扁豆是种植在北非、西亚、中东、印度次大陆和北美的重要冷季作物;是世界上第七大食用豆类作物,全世界有48个以上的国家种植;近20年间,小扁豆已在发达国家如澳大利亚、加拿大、美国种植,并发展成为重要的农业出口商品。     

扁豆中黄酮的积累规律研究

[目的]探讨扁豆中黄酮的积累规律。[方法]测定了23个扁豆资源不同发育时期[结荚鼓粒初期(Ⅰ)、结荚鼓粒中期(Ⅱ)、结荚鼓粒末期(Ⅲ)]扁豆豆粒、荚皮、豆荚3个部位的黄酮含量。[结果]扁豆不同部位黄酮含量在各时期均差异显著,不同时期在豆粒、荚皮、豆荚中黄酮平均含量从高到低依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。各期都以幼嫩豆荚中黄酮含量最高;黄酮含量以13号扁豆资源的表现最优。[结论]研究结果可为扁豆的选种育种提供理论依据。     

半直立扁豆密植技术研究

[目的]优化半直立扁豆密植技术。[方法]研究了不同种植密度对扁豆品种帮达早红边、交大绿宝生物性状和产量的影响。[结果]在30 000株/hm~2的密度处理下,帮达早红边产量及综合性状最好;在37 500株/hm2的密度处理下,交大绿宝的产量较高。[结论]在生产实践中,播种密度的安排需与品种的遗传特性相结合,同时要综合考虑当地的气候、土壤、肥水、栽培管理等综合因素。     

Domestication of Pulses in the Old World: Legumes were companions of wheat and barley when agriculture began in the Near East

This article reviews the available information on the place of origin and time of domestication of the cultivated pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), broad bean (Vicia faba), bitter vetch (V. ervilia), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). On the basis of (i) an examination and evaluation of archeological remains and (ii) an identification of the wild progenitors and delimitation of their geographic distribution, it was concluded that pea and lentil should be regarded as founder crops of Old World Neolithic agriculture. Most probably they were domesticated, in the Near East, simultaneously with wheats and barley (certainly not later than the sixth millennium B.C.). Bitter vetch shows a similar mode of origin. The evidence on the broad bean and the chickpea is much more fragmentary and the wild progenitors of these legumes are yet not satisfactorily identified. But also these two pulses emerge as important food elements in Bronze Age cultures of the Near East and Europe.     

Global production,processing and utilization of lentil: A review

Lentil is a highly nutritious legume with an ample quantity of carbohydrates and good amount of proteins, minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and fibres. Although it has been used as staple food since ancient times, its usage has been limited in developed countries, especially due to the lower protein digestibility, presence of anti-nutritional factors, flatulence and poor cooking qualities. Processing of lentils including dehulling and splitting and isolation of major fractions, e.g., proteins and starches are some of the strategies that can be adopted to add value and increase consumption of these legumes. This review paper intends to provide detailed overview of lentil's global production, nutritional composition and processing methods of lentil. Methods of isolation/characterization of lentil protein and starch and their subsequent application in foods are also presented.     

Characteristics of recombinant lines of lentil L. culinaris × L. orientalis

As a result of interspecific hybridization of lentil Lens culinaris with wild species L. orientalis, breeding lines recombinant on the basis of flower color, seed coat, and cotyledon have been created. The availability of recombinations in progeny of hybrids is proven by RAPD-analysis. According to morphological characteristics, the best breeding lines are close to cultural varieties and may be used as initial material for breeding.     

Gene bank scheduling of seed regeneration: Interim report on a long term storage study

A major challenge for the management of gene banks is the maintenance of good seed health in the collections. Large germplasm collections 10 000 accessions often have been acquired from different sources over a range of dates, may differ in germination at time of deposition in the gene bank, and may have genetic differences in seed longevity. The major storage variables affecting seed longevity are temperature and seed moisture content. Two varieties of each pea(Pisum sativus L.), lentil(Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris), and chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.), were stored at three temperatures; 40, 20, and 2°C, each with three seed moisture levels of 10.9–13.8%(high), 7.9–10.3%(medium), and 7–7.8%(low), in the Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection gene bank. Seed longevity at a given storage period was estimated by the corresponding germination percentage for each treatment. This paper is an interim report on seed viability decline in the first seven years of this seed longevity study, in which viability decline towards zero was almost completed in the three seed moisture treatments at 40°C and the 20°C high seed moisture treatment, but had not declined in the other treatments. Seed longevity positively responded to a reduction in temperature and then to a reduction in seed moisture. The number of days in storage for seed germination decline to 85%(p85), and to 50%(p50) for mean seed viability, are reported by storage/varietal treatment. Both p85 and p50 showed significant inverse linear responses with seed moisture at 40°C for pea and lentil varieties, with intra-specific variation for pea. This long term trial aims to provide informed timing of seed regeneration for accessions in a gene bank.     

Effects of different temperatures and duration on germination of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seeds

The aim of this study was to seek optimum seed germination temperature of Lentil seeds. Germination tests were conducted for twenty-four genotypes with 3 replicates in a completely randomized design, were conducted to investigate germination behavior of lentil seeds subjected to six different heat temperatures (39, 46, 54, 61, 68 and 75°F) and duration on germination. The experiment results revealed that different temperature treatments were effective on mean germination percentage and suggested that there is relationship between the temperature treatment and germination rate. The mean germination was obtained for 39, 46, 54, 61, 68 and 75°F, 0.945, 1.590, 1.864, 2.305, 2.840 and 2.573 respectively. The experiment revealed that the different temperature treatments were effective on mean germination percentage and seeds germinated faster at higher constant temperatures and optimum germination occurred at 68°F.     

The study lentil adaptations to highland winter-sown environments in Northeastern Iran

One hundred lentil genotypes accessions of Mashhad Lentil Collection (MLC) were evaluated at Chenaran, Iran with three planting dates [10 Oct., 10 Nov. (fall) and 28 Mar. (spring) during 2008/09 growing seasons]. Evaluation based on winter survival percentage showed that in 2008/09 growing season, percentage of highly tolerant, tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible and susceptible genotypes were 22, 61, 16, 1 and 0 respectively. In the first planting date more than 50% of genotypes were ranked as highly tolerant, however it was decreased to 12% and 5% of genotypes in the second and third planting dates, respectively, in this year. According to the fall plantings data, the length of growth duration of samples in fall plantings were 2.3 times higher than spring planting, and also in the first planting that was 5, 25 and 255 percent more than 2^nd and 3^rd planting dates, respectively. The height of fall plants were more than spring plants and in the first year fall planting genotypes were about 38% taller than the same planting. The number of pod per plant in fall planting was 2 times higher than spring planting. More than 22% of accessions had 125 pods per plant in 1^st and 2^nd planting in this year. In the 2008/09 growing seasons the yield of lentil genotypes in fall planting were more than 4 and about 2 times of spring planting, respectively. In the 2008/09 growing seasons 39% of spring planting samples produced less than 50 gr/m² seed yield. It seems that the improvement of seed yield in the fall planting were due to suitable winter survival of plants fallowed by better usage of rainfall and escaping from drought and heat stress of the end of spring. Results showed that there were some cold tolerant accessions in MLC and it is possible to provide cold tolerant cultivars for fall planting in Mashhad conditions.     

小扁豆田除草剂除草试验

对小扁豆田杂草进行调查,共有17个科48种杂草。其中禾本科杂草种类少,但数量多,占杂草总量的60%。而阔叶杂草种类多。选用不同类型除草剂、不同施药方式进行除草剂除草试验,结果表明:播前土壤处理,48%氟乐灵乳油除草效果达95.3%;播后苗前施药,48%拉索乳油对禾本科杂草防除效果较好,除草效果达88.7%;45%豆草畏乳油对阔叶杂草防除效果较好,除草效果达86.9%;苗后施药,10%利收乳油对阔叶杂草防除效果较好,除草效果达79.6%。所用各除草剂对小扁豆均表现安全。小扁豆田化学除草应以播前土壤处理或播后苗前施药为主,苗后施药为辅。