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1.
Krishna Mohan Vijay Kumar Mihir Sarkar B. S. Prakash 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(1):21-26
The objective of this study were (1) to establish the duration of behavioral estrus signs and timing of ovulation in Murrah
buffaloes (n = 10) and (2) to determine relationship between behavioral estrus signs with change in plasma estrogen concentrations.
Estrus and its behavioral signs were detected at hourly intervals by visual observations, per recta examination of genitalia
and bull parading four times in a day for 30 minutes each. Among the behavioral signs of estrus, swollen vulva (80%) was the
best indicator of estrus followed by excitement (70%). Among the duration of behavioral estrus signs the first and longest
duration of estrus signs was swollen vulva which was seen upto 19.8 ± 0.8 h after onset of estrus. The mean total duration
of estrus symptoms from appearance to disappearance of all the behavioral estrus symptoms was 23.5 ± 1.7 h. All the behavioral
estrus symptoms were observed during the period of estrogen surge. Endocrine profile during the periestrus period showed that
the mean peak concentrations of total estrogen 23.9 ± 3.9 pg/ml occurred at 8.8 ± 1.7 h after onset of estrus. The average
number of estrus symptoms observed per animal during onset of spontaneous estrus was 5.7. Ovulation occurred after 37.4 ± 1.7 h
after onset of estrus and 13.4 ± 1.0 h after end of total estrogen surge respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest
that all signs of behavioral estrus occurred during the preovulatory rise in estrogens. The first sign of estrus to be observed
was a swollen vulva and this symptom persisted the longest. 相似文献
2.
Wongkaweewit K Prommachart P Raksasub R Buranaamnuay K Techakumphu M De Rensis F Tummaruk P 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):467-470
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the control of ovulation by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the onset of estrus. Thirty-three multiparous sows housed under tropical
conditions and showing standing estrus within 5 days after weaning were included. The sows were allocated to three groups,
spontaneous ovulation (control group, n = 10), induced ovulation using 750 IU hCG (hCG group, n = 10), and induced ovulation using 50 μg GnRH (GnRH group, n = 13). The hormones were given at the onset of estrus and the occurrence of ovulation was monitored every 6 h by transrectal
ultrasonography. Data for weaning-to-estrus interval, onset of estrus-to-ovulation interval (EOI), and the length of estrus
were recorded. All sows in the control and hCG groups ovulated, while 3 out of 13 sows treated with GnRH developed cystic
ovaries (did not ovulate). Of those sows ovulating, the EOI of the hCG (40.2 ± 1.7 h) and GnRH (37.5 ± 3.3 h) groups were
shorter than that of the control group (63.6 ± 9.6 h; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of either hCG or GnRH at the onset of estrus can control time of ovulation but,
at the dose employed, sows receiving GnRH may develop ovarian cysts. 相似文献
3.
Sánchez Dávila F Bernal H Colín J Olivares E del Bosque AS Ledezma R Ungerfeld R 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):887-891
The objective of this study was to determine whether season and total rainfall during the breeding season, sheep parity, and/or
litter size affect the interval from the introduction of rams to estrus (IRE) in hair Saint Croix sheep in northeastern Mexico.
An analysis was made of 874 services performed during 9 years, introducing the rams into the sheep flock after an isolation
period of 60 days during the postpartum period. Estrus was recorded twice daily during 35 days. Year and season influenced
significantly on the interval between ram introduction and estrus length (P < 0.01). Winter IRE length (7.9 ± 0.1 days) was shorter than in the other three seasons (11.1 ± 0.2, 11.1 ± 0.1, and 16.2 ± 0.2 days
in summer, autumn, and spring, respectively) (P < 0.01). An interaction was observed between rainfall and season, then by rainfall between 0 and 100 mm, IRE was shorter
(P < 0.05) in winter (6.8 ± 0.3 days), and by rainfall between 100 and 199 mm, IRE was shorter (P < 0.05) in autumn (10.2 ± 0.5 days); however, when rainfall was beyond 200 mm, IRE length was shorter (P < 0.01) in summer (4.8 ± 0.5 days) than in autumn (14.5 ± 0.3 days). The IRE length was also longer in first lambing ewes
(P < 0.05) and was not affected by litter size. In the present study, several factors, including the breeding season, rainfall
and parity, directly influenced the interval between the male introduction and the onset of estrus by Saint Croix hair sheep. 相似文献
4.
Gomes Pöppl Á Costa Valle S Hilário Díaz González F de Castro Beck CA Kucharski LC Silveira Martins Da Silva R 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):81-84
Estrus cycle is a well recognized cause of insulin resistance in bitches. The insulin receptor (IR) as well as the insulin-like
growth factor-I receptor belong to the same subfamily of tyrosine kinase (TK) receptors. The objective of this study was to
evaluate basal TK activity in muscle tissue of bitches during the estrus cycle. Twenty-four bitches were used in the study
(7 in anestrus, 7 in estrus, and 10 in diestrus). Muscle samples, taken after spaying surgery to determine TK activity, were
immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at −80°C until the membranes were prepared by sequential centrifugation
after being homogenized. TK activity was determined by Poly (Glu 4:Tyr 1) phosphorylation and expressed in cpm/μg of protein.
TK activity was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the animals in estrus (104.5 ± 11.9 cpm/μg of protein) and diestrus (94.5 ± 16.9 cpm/μg of protein) when compared
with bitches in anestrus (183.2 ± 39.2 cpm/μg of protein). These results demonstrate, for the first time, lower basal TK activity
in the muscle tissue of female dogs during estrus and diestrus, which may represent lower insulin signaling capacity, opening
a new field of investigation into the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in dogs. 相似文献
5.
Luna-Orozco JR Guillen-Muñoz JM De Santiago-Miramontes Mde L García JE Rodríguez-Martínez R Meza-Herrera CA Mellado M Véliz FG 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):71-75
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treating sexually inactive bucks with artificial long photoperiod
or testosterone on the induction of estrus in anovulatory grazing goats. A total of 91 multiparous mixed-breed anestrous goats
were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) joining with bucks subjected to 2.5 month of artificial long
days (16 h of light/day; n = 31), (2) joining with testosterone-treated bucks (n = 30), and (3) joining with untreated bucks (control; n = 30). There were no differences between the light-treated (100%) and testosterone-treated (93%) bucks in their ability to
induce estrus in anovulatory does. On the other hand, none of the goats in contact with control bucks exhibited estrus. The
interval from start of mating to estrus was shorter in goats with the light-treated bucks (37.9 ± 4.8 h) compared with does
in contact with testosterone-treated bucks (58.3 ± 8.7 h). The overall pregnancy rate in goats joined with light-treated,
testosterone-treated and control bucks was 84%, 77% and 0%, respectively, with no difference (P > 0.05) between the first two groups. Anogenital sniffing, approaches, mounting attempts, and mounts were highest (P < 0.01) in light-treated bucks and lowest in control bucks. It was concluded that testosterone-treated bucks and long-day-treated
bucks were equally effective in synchronizing estrus in anovulatory goats and resulted in similar levels of fertility. Given
that light-treated bucks are unviable in communal production systems of goats raised by resource-poor farmers, the sexual arousal of bucks with testosterone is a practical and reliable method to induce ovulation in anovulatory
goats in pastoral goat systems in hot environments. 相似文献
6.
Bhakat M Mohanty TK Raina VS Gupta AK Khan HM Mahapatra RK Sarkar M 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1161-1168
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of season, period, age, bull, and ejaculate on semen quality in Sahiwal
bulls. Semen production records from 1996 to 2006 of 5,483 ejaculates from 46 Sahiwal bulls maintained at Artificial Breeding
Complex, NDRI, Karnal, India were analyzed using least square analysis of variance by LSML software package. The overall least
squares means of ejaculate volume (VOL), total volume per day (VOLD), mass activity (MA), initial motility (IM), sperm concentration
per ml (SPC), and sperm concentration per ejaculate (SPCE) were 3.79 ± 0.02 ml, 5.81 ± 0.06 ml, 2.32 ± 0.01, 55.47 ± 0.001%,
766.69 ± 5.50 × 106/ml and 3023.25 ± 30.15 × 106, respectively. All semen traits (VOL, VOLD, MA, IM and SPCE) were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by age groups, season and period, whereas season had significant effect on VOL at 5% level. During hot-humid
season, highest value of VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE were observed followed by summer and cold season. Highest value
of VOL, VOLD, IM, and SPCE were observed during period-3 (2004–2006), whereas highest value of MA and SPC were observed during
period-1 (1996–1999). However, lowest magnitude of MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE during period-2 (2000–2003) was observed. Ejaculate
characteristics like VOL, VOLD, and SPCE increased with the increasing age of bull up to 5 years and then decreased. Significant
(P < 0.01) bull to bull variation was found in VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE traits. First ejaculate had significantly (P < 0.01) higher MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE. Hence, it could be concluded that during rainy season and period-1 and period-3 the
quality of semen is quantitatively and qualitatively good. Better quality semen was obtained up to 5 years of age in Sahiwal
bulls. 相似文献
7.
Sudershan Kumar Anil K. Srivastava V. K. Dumka Naresh Kumar Rajinder K. Raina 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):503-510
Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous
administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition
followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vdarea, AUC, t1/2β, ClB, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg−1, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml−1.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg−1.h−1, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg−1, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml−1.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg−1.h−1, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration.
For MIC90 of 0.5 μg.ml−1 the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg−1 repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows. 相似文献
8.
Thermal stress in cattle results in major decreases in dairy production and reproduction. A study was designed to evaluate
the influence of temporary cooling on pregnancy rate in Holstein heifers during summer heat stress. Estrus was synchronized
with two injections of prostaglandin (PG), administrated 11 d apart, and all heifers were housed in a shaded enclosed structure at the time of the second PG injection.
After estrus detection, heifers were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C; n = 30), Sprinkler (S; n = 30) or Sprinkler
and Fan (SF; n = 30). Rectal temperatures were measured 2.5 hours before AI, at the time of AI, and 1.5 and 3.5 hours after
AI. Group C heifers receive no further treatment, but heifers in S and SF groups were exposed to short-term cooling from 2
hours before until 2 hours after AI with a sprinkler (S) or sprinkler and a fan (SF), respectively. Estrus detection and AI
were performed by a single skilled technician; semen was from a bull of known fertility. Rectal temperature did not differ
among groups 2.5 hours before AI, but at the time of AI was lower (P < 0.05) in SF group (39.3 ± 0.0°C) than in S (39.5 ± 0.0°C)
and C (39.9 ± 0.1°C) groups which also differed (P < 0.05). At 1.5 and 3.5 hours after AI, rectal temperature remained lower
in SF group (38.9 ± 0.0 and 38.7 ± 0.0°C, respectively) than in the S (39.4 ± 0.0 and 39.2 ± 0.0°C, respectively) and C (39.3 ± 0.0
and 39.3 ± 0.0°C, respectively) groups, which no longer differed. Pregnancy rate following AI was higher (P < 0.05) in SF
group (56.7%) than in the C group (23.3%) with the S group (40%) intermediate and not different from either. The present study
results indicate that cooling of dairy heifers for a short time before and after AI, especially with sprinkler and fan, can
increase pregnancy rate during heat stress. 相似文献
9.
Effect of body condition score of does and use of bucks subjected to added artificial light on estrus response of Alpine goats 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Raymundo Rivas-Muñoz Evaristo Carrillo Rafael Rodriguez-Martinez Carlos Leyva Miguel Mellado Francisco Gerardo Véliz 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1285-1289
The effects of body condition score of does and exposure to sexually active bucks after exposure to long-day artificial photoperiod
were examined in mature anovulatory French Alpine goat in Northern Mexico. In June, goats in good (2.3 ± 0.2, scale 1 to 4;
n = 10) or poor (1.6 ± 0.3; n = 10) body condition were exposed during 15 day to sexually active bucks, which had been exposed to long photoperiod (16:8-h
light–dark cycle, starting in December). A third group of goats in good body condition was exposed to bucks kept under the
natural photoperiod of this region (26° N). All goats in good body condition exposed to bucks treated with prolonged photoperiod
exhibited estrus behavior, whereas only 50% of the does in poor body condition showed estrous behavior during the 15-day buck
exposure. None of the does in good body condition showed estrus when exposed to bucks under natural photoperiod. These results
revealed that a good body condition is required for maximum estrus response in anestrous Alpine goats and that exposure of
bucks to long photoperiod in winter is essential for an adequate stimulus to reestablish estrus cycles in anovulatory Alpine
does in Northern Mexico. 相似文献
10.
G. Ajitkumar T. Sreekumaran R. Praseeda K. A. Mercy K. N. Aravinda Ghosh 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):65-69
Forty bitches in anoestrus for more than six months from the last heat, with a serum progesterone level less than 1 ng/ml
were subjected to oestrus induction trials using anti-prolactin drugs and levothyroxine, once daily orally for 20 consecutive
days. The mean serum progesterone level among them was found to be 0.57 ± 0.03 ng/ml. Out of 10 animals treated in each group,
five (50%) in Group I (bromocriptine @ 50 μg/kg body weight), nine (90%) in Group II (cabergoline @ 5 μg/kg body weight),
eight (80%) in Group III (thyroxine @10 μg/kg body weight) and seven (70%) in Group IV (thyroxine @ 5 μg/kg body weight) responded
by evincing proestrual bleeding. The mean (±SEM) time taken from initiation of treatment to onset of proestrual bleeding in
Groups I, II, III and IV was 28 ± 3.39, 13.44 ± 3.12 (P < 0.05), 24.50 ± 3.18 and 33 ± 2.21 days respectively. The mean (±SEM)
duration of proestrus and oestrus in the treatment groups was 9.80 ± 0.86, 10.11 ± 0.68, 11.25 ± 0.88 and 10.71 ± 0.68 days
and 7.60 ± 0.24, 8 ± 0.29, 8.5 ± 0.63 and 7.85 ± 0.46 days respectively. The conception rate in relation to the number of
animals responding to oestrus induction in the treatment groups was 80%, 78%, 63% and 57%, respectively. The mean (±SEM) gestation
length calculated from the last breeding date and litter size in the treatment groups varied from 60.50 ± 1.55 to 64.00 ± 0.82 days
and 5.14 ± 0.34 to 6.40 ± 0.40 respectively. 相似文献
11.
Taşdemir U Ağaoğlu AR Kaymaz M Karakaş K 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(5):1035-1038
The aim of this study was to compare ovarian response and embryo yield of Day 0 protocol in Angora goats (AG) and indigenous
Kilis goats (KG) in the non-breeding season. A total of 16 Angora goats (AG group) and 11 Kilis goats (KG group) were used
in this study. In the synchronization process, after controlled internal drug release withdrawal, when estrus signs were observed,
natural mating was performed. Ovarian response was determined by synchronized laparotomy 6 days after natural mating, and
number of corpora lutea (CL) was recorded. Embryos were collected and morphologically evaluated by stereomicroscope. Synchronization
rates did not differ between AG (88%, 14/16) and KG group (91%, 10/11). In AG and KG groups, the proportion of CL on the right
(44% and 53%, respectively) and left (56% and 47%, respectively) ovaries were similar. The CL number per animal did not differ
significantly between the two breeds and was determined as 4.4 ± 0.90 in AG group and 6.4 ± 1.44 in KG group. Transferable
embryo yields were significantly higher in AG group (31/42, 74%) compared to KG group (16/46, 35%) in the non-breeding season
(P < 0.01). In conclusion, it is suggested that the day 0 protocol can be used for goat superovulation in the non-breeding season;
however, transferable embryo yields are affected by the breed. 相似文献
12.
Ravinder Sappal Rakesh Kumar Chaudhary Harpal Singh Sandhu Pritam Kaur Sidhu 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):659-667
Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin was investigated in buffalo calves following
intravenous administration at the dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg to select the optimal dosage regimen of danofloxacin. Drug concentrations
in plasma and urine were measured by microbiological assaying. In vitro plasma protein binding was determined employing the equilibrium dialysis technique. The distribution and elimination of danofloxacin
were rapid, as indicated by values (mean ±SD) of distribution half-life (t1/2α = 0.16 ± 0.07 h) and elimination half-life (t1/2β = 4.24 ± 1.78 h), respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) = 3.98 ± 1.69 L/kg indicated large distribution
of drug. The area under plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 1.79 ± 0.28 μg/mlxh and MRT was 8.64 ± 0.61 h.
Urinary excretion of danofloxacin was 23% within 48 h of its administration. Mean plasma protein binding was 36% at concentrations
ranging from 0.0125 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml. On the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, it is concluded that the revision
of danofloxacin dosage regimen in buffalo calves is needed because the current dosage schedule (1.25 mg/kg) is likely to promote
resistance. 相似文献
13.
Talebi J Moghaddam A Souri M Mirmahmoudi R 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):355-360
The present study aims were to determine the profiles of changes in progesterone (P4) and 17-β-estradiol (E2) in the peripheral
blood of Markhoz goat (Iranian Angora) during estrous cycle, gestation, and parturition throughout natural breeding season.
Gestation length averaged 145.3 ± 0.8 days, and the litter size was 1.1 ± 0.1. Birth weight ranged 2.4–2.8 and 1.5–2.5 kg
in male and female kids, respectively. The mean estrous cycle lengths were 20.3 ± 0.4 and 20.9 ± 0.4 days for PGF2α-induced and natural cycles, respectively. Blood sampling was carried out daily during estrous cycle and weekly during gestation
till parturition. E2 attained higher level (24.7 ± 2.15 pg mL−1) at estrus phase and dropped down to the lower level (18.80 ± 1.16 pg mL−1) within 3 to 4 days post-estrus. Concomitantly, P4 started to increase from the mean basal value of 0.5 ± 0.03 ng mL−1 on day 0 to 6.88 ± 0.95 ng mL−1 on day 6 of estrous cycle and reached the peak value of 12.8 ± 0.61 ng mL−1 on day 12. From day 15, a decline was observed in P4 values till the end of the cycle. P4 remained at lower concentrations
for 20–50 days of gestation, then increased and reached to its maximum level (13.51 ± 0.279 ng mL−1) in week 15 and returned again to its basal values within 1–2 weeks before parturition. The results will be discussed in
terms of the usage of steroid hormone profile in several assisted reproductive technologies. 相似文献
14.
Estrous expressions in dairy cows have been shortened and weakened. Dairy heifers, on the other hand, may not have had such changes in estrous signs as observed in cows, since they have less stresses than cows. The aim of this study was to describe the duration of estrus in a herd of dairy heifers. A total of 56 Holstein Friesian heifers estrus was synchronized using two different hormonal protocols. They were checked for primary and secondary estrous signs with the help of heat detection devices for 48 h at an interval of 4 h starting at 16.00 hour, one day after PGF2α treatment. Onset and end of standing estrus during 48 h observation period was recorded in 35 of the 44 heifers coming into estrus within 5 days after PGF2α treatment during the observation period. The duration of standing estrus on the average (±SD) was 9.7 ± 5.3 h. Percentage of heifers with standing estrus longer than 12 h was 40%, and 53% showed standing estrus only for 4–8 h. It is indicated that duration of estrus in dairy heifers has been shortened recently. 相似文献
15.
In order to understand the changes in copper and selenium status in camel dam and calf around the calving period, blood samples
were collected in 26 she-camel before delivery and after as well as their calves after birth. The mean values for the mother
and their newborn were respectively 70.3 ± 19.8 and 58.6 ± 13.9 μg/100 ml for copper, 5.3 ± 3.7 and 4.6 ± 1.7 μg/100 ml for
selenium. No change was observed for copper, but selenium increased after parturition in 81% of the case. The selenium status
of camel calf was correlated with those of its mother, but not the copper. As the whole the correlation between selenium and
copper was significantly positive. The selenium status was improved in camel receiving diet enriched with barley. The maternal
transfer to milk has to be investigated. 相似文献
16.
Mellado M Véliz FG García JE De Santiago Á 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):389-394
Data from 82 kiddings from mixed-breed (native x dairy goats) goats reared on rangeland (n = 47) or confinement (n = 35) were used to determine the influence of various factors on length of labour, standing of newborn kids and time to first
suckling in pluriparous goats. Both groups were mated at the same time to bucks of the same genotype in February. During the
kidding time in July, the goats were monitored for 24 h in order to register parturition traits and kid birth weight and body
measurements. For all goats, blood samples were collected at parturition in order to establish the nutritional state of goats.
Grazing goats had lower body weight and body condition score (P < 0.01) than pen-fed goats, as well as lower values for some blood metabolites indicative of low body energy reserves. For
both grazing and pen-fed goats, the majority of kiddings (>93%) occurred during daylight hours. No kiddings were registered
from 2300 to 0500 hours. No effects of height at withers, thoracic circumference and sex of kids at birth were found to influence
length of labour. Labour was shorter (P < 0.01) for pen-fed does than grazing goats (10.6 ± 1.18 min vs. 15.4 ± 1.2 min; mean ± SD). The length of parturition was
considerably longer (P < 0.05) for twin-bearing does than for single-bearing does (16.6 ± 1.76 min vs. 11.2 ± 0.81 min, respectively). The interval
between parturition and standing of kids was shorter (P < 0.05) for kids from litters weighing >3.3 kg (entire litter) than kids from litters with <3.3 kg (22.7 ± 1.82 min vs. 31.1 ± 2.76 min).
Time to first suckling was longer (P < 0.05) for kids delivered from pen-fed does than kids from grazing does (57.8 ± 7.57 min vs. 42.9 ± 3.05 min). These results
confirm that, independently of type of production system (intensive or extensive), kiddings of does are concentrated during
daylight hours. These results also indicate that conformation of kids does not alter duration of labour, and that nutritional
stress of goats during gestation (extensive conditions) does not interfere with the neonate’s level of alertness and arousal. 相似文献
17.
Picco EJ Rubio MR David DC Rodríguez C Boggio JC 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(5):401-410
The aim of this work was to study the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
activities of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after pour-on administration. Determination of cholinesterase activity
in plasma and erythrocyte was carried out according to Ellman kinetic method. The mean baseline activities were 9338.39 ± 1331.61
and 13220.69 ± 2274.18 to acetylcholinesterase and 624.65 ± 39.32 and 641.68 ± 88.08 IU/L to butyrylcholinesterase in females
and males, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase was the predominant form of cholinesterase analyzed, with low levels of butyrylcholinesterase.
The basal acetylcholinesterase activities of the bulls were significantly greater than those of cows. The inhibitory effect
of topical chlorpyrifos administration was lower on butyrylcholinesterase than on acetylcholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos peak
plasma concentration (male:10.920 ± 4.18; female:12.12 ± 3.88 μg/L) were reached at 11.92 ± 9.19 and 8.17 ± 7.67 h in male
and female, respectively. The values of area under curve were 185.96 ± 168.45 and 278.89 ± 270.00 μg·h/L and mean residence
time were 13.95 ± 8.10 and 14.90 ± 9.80 h in male and female, respectively. 相似文献
18.
Erdogan HM Karapehlivan M Citil M Atakisi O Uzlu E Unver A 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(4):333-339
This study was designed to disclose some indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation in natural cases of bovine leptospirosis.
For this purpose, 12 bulls exhibiting clinical signs of leptospirosis and 10 healthy bulls were used. Animals were subjected
to thorough clinical examination and the clinical signs were recorded. All animals were blood sampled in order to determine
serum total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LBSA), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide
(NO), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), albumin and glucose. Urine samples were collected from each animal and examined
under dark-field microscope to observe spirochetes. Diseased animals exhibited clinical signs suggesting leptospirosis and
the diagnosis was supported by positive dark-field microscope examination. Mean TSA (mmol/L), LBSA (mmol/L), TP (g/dl), albumin
(g/dl), glucose (mg/dl), MDA (μmol/L), GSH (mg/dl), NO (nmol/ml), and UA (mg/L) levels were 1.63 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.10, 7.18 ± 0.24,
3.23 ± 0.5, 64.96 ± 1.88, 5.71 ± 0.11, 78.68 ± 0.72, 7.94 ± 0.34, and 8.75 ± 0.41 in healthy bulls, and 2.50 ± 0.05, 0.70 ± 0.2,
9.27 ± 0.17, 2.55 ± 0.62, 107.93 ± 2.52, 8.82 ± 0.14, 47.85 ± 1.85, 14.57 ± 0.63 and 15.85 ± 0.80 in leptospirosis cases,
respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Increased TSA, LBSA, MDA,
NO, UA, TP, glucose and decreased GSH and albumin concentrations were suggestive of inflammation and oxidative stress in diseased
bulls. The results obtained may suggest that oxidative damage along with other mechanisms might have taken part in the pathogenesis
of bovine leptospirosis and further detailed studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism(s) of the disease. 相似文献
19.
Armando José Oropeza Ángel F. Rojas Miguel A. Velazquez Juan D. Muro Ysabel C. Márquez Lourdes T. Vilanova 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1149-1154
The objective of the study was to determine the efficiency of ovsynch (OV) versus presynch-ovsynch (P-OV) protocol for synchronization
of ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI) in female buffaloes. The OV group (n = 40) received gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on day 0 (random day of the estrous cycle), prostaglandin ( PGF2a ) \left( {{\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }}} \right) on day 7 and a second GnRH administration on day 9 followed by a single artificial insemination (AI) 16-20 h later. The P-OV
group (n = 40) received two PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }} injections 14 days apart, with the second injection administered 14 days before starting the OV protocol. Progesterone (P4) was measured at the time of PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }} administration (within the OV protocol) and AI. Neither ovulation rate ((24 h after TAI) OV 90%-36/40 vs. P-OV 85%-34/40)
nor pregnancy rates ((day 60 after TAI) OV 35%-14/40 vs. P-OV 45%-18/40) differed between the two protocols. Pregnant buffaloes
had lower concentrations of P4 at AI compared with non-pregnant animals in the OV group (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml); but in the P-OV group, differences
did not reach statistical significance (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1 ng/ml). This apparent trend reached statistical significance
when the analysis was carried out in animals from both protocols (0.7 ± 0.1 (pregnant) vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 (non-pregnant) ng/ml).
In conclusion, both protocols synchronize ovulation effectively with no significant differences in conception rates. High
concentrations of P4 at AI seem to be detrimental for the establishment of pregnancy in lactating buffalo cows. 相似文献
20.
Faqir Muhammad Masood Akhtar M. Irfan Anwar M. Javed Arshed 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):971-977
Ciprofloxacin was administered intravenously @ 5 mg/kg body weight to six healthy dogs. After a washout period of two weeks,
fever was induced by injecting Escherichia (E) coli endotoxin. Ciprofloxacin was administered again. Blood samples were collected at various time intervals and analyzed for
ciprofloxacin with HPLC. The kinetic analysis revealed the volume of distribution in healthy vs. febrile dogs as 2.12 ± 0.32
vs. 1.79 ± 0.43 L/Kg, respectively. The elimination half life was 2.23 ± 0.78 and 2.07 ± 0.74 hours in healthy and febrile
dogs, respectively. Similarly, dogs under healthy and febrile conditions showed comparable total plasma clearance of 0.66 ± 0.06
and 0.60 ± 0.07 L/Kg/h, respectively. All these and other investigated kinetic parameters were statistically non significant.
This study concludes that the pharmacokinetic behavior of ciprofloxacin is similar under healthy and febrile conditions. Thus,
the kinetic studies of fluoroquinolones conducted in normal/healthy animals may be used to depict the pharmacokinetic parameters
in diseased animals. 相似文献