1990—2004年我国国际收支经常项目发展趋势分析

对1990—2004年我国国际收支经常项目和其中的货物、服务、经常转移项目的收支状况分别作了简要分析，并根据历史数据预测了2005年各项的收支情况。接着，作者从储蓄、经济发展模式、人民币汇率等角度探讨，我国经常项目变动的主要原因。最后，文章从财政与货币政策的搭配、支出转换政策与支出增减政策的搭配、服务行业竞争力等方面提出了我国应对经常项日变动的对策建议。     

汇率调整前后重庆市短期资本变化趋势研究

对短期资本的计算和管理必须改变对传统的短期资本的认识。文章从短期资本管制的现状和随时变向的特性，对短期资本的定义进行重新界定，在此基础上利用重庆市涉外收支表计算汇率调整前后重庆市短期资本的数量并做出比较，得出其趋势将呈“V”型判断；通过对汇率调整前后短期资本流动的方式和途径进行经济学分析，提出防范短期资本流入风险要在健全金融市场的同时，要使人民币汇率与资本项目开放的谨慎配合，并要建立相应的预警指标机制。     

人民币兑美元汇率与我国煤炭进口

<正>人民币汇率制度改革是我国金融体系改革的重要组成部分,也是我国发展完善社会主义市场经济不可或缺的配套措施。客观考察与分析人民币汇率制度的历史,探索人民币汇率制度的进一步改革及其目标,对于我国建立社会主义市场经济体制,实现经济国际化,具有重要意义。新中国成立以来,我国经济体制经历了曲折的发展演变过程。我国的外汇体制改革也经历了一个由高度集中的计划管理模式,转变为在外汇留成和外汇上缴体制基础上的计划与市场结合的管理模式,然后再转变为建     

我国国际收支变动对M2影响的实证分析

在我国现有外汇管理制度下，国际收支变动通过对货币乘数和基础货币的影响从而对货币供应量M2产生较大的冲击，进而使货币政策的有效性受到影响。论文用Granger因果检验、VAR模型、误差修正模型就这一影响进行了实证分析。     

如何科学管理我国的外汇储备

外汇储备是一个国家由货币当局持有的、可自由支配和自由交换的非本国货币,是一国用于平衡国际收支、稳定汇率及偿还对外债务而持有的国际上可以普遍接受的外汇资产,是反映一国经济、金融实力的重要宏观经济变量之一,也是一国国际经济体系的重要组成部分,在促进国家经济发展、维护金融安全稳定等方面具有重要意义。本文将对如何科学管理我国的外汇储备提出建议,为切实减轻外汇储备高企所带来的负面效应提供政策参考。     

试论汇率风险与企业的应对策略

国际金融环境风云变幻,企业必须充分认识到汇率变动对企业经营带来的影响,只有熟练掌握规避汇率风险的方法,对汇价变动的基本因素进行全面科学的分析才能将外汇风险对企业的影响降到最低。从事对外贸易的企业有必要把外汇风险管理列为公司日常工作的一项重要日程,建立完善的外汇风险管理体系,加强对于外汇风险的识别、风险限额的设定,加强对汇率变化的检测和预测,尽快适应汇率波动带来的风险。     

为什么要加大财政转移支付力度 如何管好用好财政转移支付资金

农村税费改革的根本出发点是减轻农民负担，在农民减负的同时，乡镇政府和村级组织出现了不同程度的收支缺口，如何解决基层政权组织的收支缺口，确保基层政权的正常运转？首先，试点地区要通过转变职能，精简机构、消减开支、调整支出结构予以消化。同时，考虑到农村税费改革对地方财力较为薄弱的农业省份的县乡两级，这些地方由于多种原因财政本来就比较困难，因而完全依靠地方政府消化这个收支缺口有一定难度。为了确保改革的顺利推进和基层政权的正常运转，中央财政将给予必要的财力补助。中央对地方的转移支付资金，将按照统一规范、公…     

当前国际资本流动对中国经济增长的冲击和影响

在世界经济、金融一体化、全球化进程的不断加快和影响不对加深的情况下,国际间资本流动的规模日益加深和扩大,覆盖面也越来越广,越来越成为影响世界经济发展和国际市场发展的重要原因之一。国际资本的流动对各国国际收支、国际储备、汇率稳定、货币供求及对经济发展等都产生着比较深远的影响。     

人民币汇率对中美贸易的影响——基于马歇尔-勒纳条件

21世纪以来,中美两国的贸易频繁。文章以马歇尔-勒纳条件为基础,从宏观层面上对汇率与中美进出口额关系的探索,通过计算进出口需求弹性,研究人民币汇率的变动会对中美贸易收支带来怎样的影响。     

中央银行将稳定币值促发展

有关人士最近表示,中央银行今年将做好三件事:第一,在坚持适度从紧货币政策的情况下,适当增加货币供应量,广义货币供应量将比上年增长16％～18％;第二,支持进出口贸易,改善外商投资企业的金融环境,保持国际收支平衡,维护人民币汇率稳定;第三,深化金融改革,整顿金融秩序,防范和化解金融风险。     

SURVEY OF THE USE OF RADIOGRAPHY VS. ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE INVESTIGATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL FOREIGN BODIES IN SMALL ANIMALS

A question frequently asked by clinicians who are treating small animals suspected of having gastrointestinal foreign bodies is whether one imaging test such as survey radiography or ultrasonography is sufficient to make the diagnosis. A study was undertaken to try and answer this question. Survey abdominal radiography and ultrasonography was performed on 16 small animals (11 dogs, five cats) with clinical signs of an obstruction because of a confirmed gastrointestinal foreign body. The majority of the foreign bodies (14/16) were confirmed by surgical removal and were located in the small intestine. A gastric foreign body was retrieved endoscopically and a colonic foreign body was passed in the feces. Radiographically identifiable foreign bodies were evident in nine animals. Small intestinal overdistension was present radiographically in seven animals. Ultrasonography detected a foreign body in all 16 animals. The foreign bodies were identified by their distal acoustic shadowing and variable degrees of surface reflection. An intestinal perforation was detected sonographically but not radiographically. The value of additional sonographic findings including thickening of the gastrointestinal wall and loss of layering, free peritoneal fluid, and lymphadenopathy in these animals is discussed. The findings in this series suggest that in a small animal with a gastrointestinal foreign body, ultrasonography alone could be used to make the diagnosis and may be a more appropriate choice than survey radiography.     

大学生外语词汇能力的培养与发展

词汇能力是语用能力的基础，有其自身的发展过程和规律。文中分析了母语词汇能力与外语词汇能力发展过程的特点及其关系，并针对大学生外语词汇学习现状，提出一些策略来帮助解决词汇学习中的困难，逐步培养起良好的词汇能力。     

显微注射外源DNA等因素对小鼠原核胚体外发育影响的研究

本文探讨了显微注射不同浓度的ＤＮＡ以及温度，培养皿，石腊油和观察次数等培养条件对小鼠原核胚体培养发育能力的影响。显微注射１．５ｎｇ／μｌ，１５ｎｇ／μｌ和５０ｎｇ／μｌ的外源小鼠乳清酸蛋白和人蛋白Ｃ的融合基因，使原核胚发育到囊胚的比率依次降低，分别为６０％，３７％和１３％。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF GRASS AWNS IN THE URINARY BLADDER

Grass awns are a common cause of foreign body disease in animals, but little is known about their presence in the lower urinary tract. The ultrasonographic features of grass awns in vivo and in vitro have been described in detail. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical and sonographic features of grass awns in the urinary bladder of dogs and cats. Three male Yorkshire terriers (one of which was examined twice) and one female domestic short‐haired cat were evaluated for signs of lower urinary tract disease, and an intravesicular grass awn was suspected based on ultrasound examination. The grass awn appeared ultrasonographically as a bladder stone (n=1) or a linear hyperechoic structure (n=4) with or without acoustic shadowing that was easy to identify due to contrast with surrounding urine. The presence of a grass awn within the urinary bladder was confirmed during exploratory surgery. In all patients, the route of entry of the grass awn was thought to have been retrograde migration from the urethral opening. The ultrasonographic appearance of grass awns in the bladder is consistent with that in other tissues.     

CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN SEA TURTLES

Intestinal obstruction by radiolucent foreign bodies is common in sea turtles. The absence of clinical signs and the extended fasting periods in these animals means that intestinal obstructions may not be diagnosed early. Digestive tract radiographic contrast procedures were performed to evaluate the gastrointestinal transit time and intestinal obstructions in loggerhead sea turtles. Barium sulfate and nonionic iodinate contrast medium were used for radiographic contrast procedures. Contrast medium was administered via a gastric tube or into the colon. These procedures are often necessary and are useful to document intestinal obstruction and foreign objects. The diagnostic procedures were not easily performed in some turtles, but often they were adequate for the diagnosis.     

我国近年外汇储备高速增长的原因分析

外汇储备是我国对外经济和国内经济的结合点。近年来,我国外汇储备规模快速增长。对外汇储备适度规模的研究也从定型分析转为定量分析。文中从我国外汇储备的现状人手,运用计量经济模型分析外汇储备高速增长的原因以及对我国经济带来的影响,进而为政策动向指明方向。     

纤维类饲料的阳离子交换量的研究动态

本文对国际上通过测定阳离子交换量(CEC)来阐明纤维类饲料的营养特性进行了综述,重点对阳离子交换量的测定方法以及该指标与瘤胃缓冲性能的相互关系作了介绍。研究结果认为不同饲料的CEC值不同,且与饲料中的氮素、酸性洗涤纤维和木质素含量密切相关,其实质是纤维类多聚物表面上的许多功能性基团与金属阳离子结合能力大小所致。     

INPACTION OF THE PHARYNX, LARYNX, AND ESOPHAGUS BY AVIAN BONES IN THE DOG AND CAT

Avian osseous (mandible, thoracic and caudolateral processes and furculum) foreign body impaction in the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus is described in three cats and one dog. All animals were presented because of gagging. Radiographic assessment revealed the foreign body in each animal. Each foreign body was successfully removed. Three of the animals recovered uneventfully, and one had a persistent change of voice.     

国际货币制度的变迁及启示

通过对国际货币制度变迁及其动因的综合分析,阐述了国际货币制度的变迁对中国的影响与启示.     

利用沸石载体减少氮肥在土壤中损耗的研究

利用沸石较强的阳离子交换性和吸附性特点,将其用作氮肥硝酸铵载体,采取土壤表施和深施,定期测定土壤氮素含量,研究其动态变化。结果表明,采用载体处理在土壤中对氮素的保存率随时间的延长而提高,３０ｄ试验期全氮含量比同期对照提高５％￣８７．５％,水解氮含量比同期对照提高０．８５％￣４２．６％。据此认为,采用沸石载体处理氮肥,对提高其肥效和延长土壤供肥期及减少氮肥在施入土壤后的损耗具有明显作用。