应用臭氧浓度精准控制熏蒸装置提高树莓贮藏品质

为了明确不同浓度臭氧气体处理对树莓低温贮藏品质的影响,促进臭氧精准控制装置在果蔬采后贮藏保鲜中的应用,采用国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津)研制的精准浓度臭氧冷藏熏蒸装置对树莓(品种:海尔特兹Heritage)进行短时臭氧熏蒸处理(4℃,1 h,相对湿度95%),臭氧质量浓度为0.21、0.54、1.07 mg/L,熏蒸后树莓置于0℃冷库中贮藏,定期测试不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理对树莓采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:臭氧精准控制装置能够在较短时间内达到设定浓度,0.21、0.54、1.07 mg/L的臭氧分别在96、168、240 s时达到,并且臭氧浓度控制精准,精度为0.05 mg/L。不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理均可以显著抑制树莓微生物繁殖(P0.05),1.07 mg/L可使树莓微生物菌落总数降低1.62个数量级。0.21、0.54 mg/L熏蒸处理过的树莓感官品质显著好于对照组(P0.05),能够有效延缓树莓果实维生素C降解,维持可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量,抑制硬度下降,0.54 mg/L熏蒸处理对树莓的保鲜效果较佳,1.07 mg/L熏蒸处理对树莓表面造成轻微伤害,反而促进树莓贮藏中的腐烂,降低了营养品质,不利于树莓保鲜。精准控制臭氧浓度,对于明确臭氧处理保鲜效果、调控树莓采后贮藏品质方面具有应用潜力。     

冰温结合臭氧对销地红提葡萄保鲜效果研究

为确定冰温(-1℃)条件下红提葡萄贮藏保鲜的适宜臭氧浓度,分别以2.5mg·L-1和5mg·L-1质量浓度的臭氧对冰温下贮藏的红提葡萄进行间歇式处理,并在贮藏期间定期对葡萄的品质和生理指标进行测定。结果表明,臭氧有很好的抑菌效果。与对照相比,臭氧组降低了葡萄的腐烂率、落粒率,延缓了可溶性固形物(SSC)和可滴定酸(TA)含量的下降,其中低质量浓度的臭氧(2.5mg·L-1)较高浓度(5mg·L-1)具有更好的保鲜效果。因此冰温条件下,红提葡萄贮藏保鲜的适宜臭氧浓度为2.5 mg·L-1。该研究为筛选葡萄安全有效、经济实用的非硫保鲜方法提供了参考。     

臭氧处理和低温保藏对黄鱼保鲜效果

探讨臭氧水及低温保藏对黄鱼的保鲜效果。分别使用098、312和468mg/L 3种浓度的臭氧水对冰鲜黄鱼进行处理,浸泡时间分别为5、10和15min,低温4℃下贮藏至10d。结果表明,臭氧浓度越高、浸泡时间越长,杀菌及保鲜效果越好。使用浓度为468mg/L的臭氧水浸泡处理黄鱼15min后杀菌效果最好,其TVB-N值第6天为2353mg/100g,结合感官指标,黄鱼保鲜期比对照延长2d。试验结果表明,臭氧水可有效用于黄鱼的保鲜。     

纳他霉素处理对采后甜樱桃生理代谢及品质的影响

为了研究纳他霉素与维生素C（Vc）复配处理对采后甜樱桃果实生理代谢与品质的影响及其作用机理,该试验采用10 mg/L纳他霉素溶液、100 mg/L Vc溶液以及10 mg/L纳他霉素+100 mg/L Vc溶液中浸泡处理甜樱桃10 min,然后将果实置于5℃下贮藏,在贮藏期间,分析测定了呼吸速率以及与抗病性有关的多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）等酶活性,同时,测定了果实颜色、硬度、Vc含量、酚类物质含量以及腐烂率等品质指标。结果表明,单独的纳他霉素处理或与Vc复配处理均可有效延长贮藏期达10 d以上,尤其是复配处理还可显著提高PPO、POD、PAL酶活性并使酚类物质含量增加,降低果实呼吸速率与腐烂率,保持较高的Vc含量和硬度,单独的纳他霉素处理也具有一定的调节生理代谢与防腐作用,而单独的Vc处理作用不明显。研究结果认为纳他霉素与Vc复配溶液可作为天然保鲜剂在采后甜樱桃果实的实际贮运中应用。     

臭氧杀灭循环营养液中三种土传病原菌的试验

为给臭氧应用于循环营养液消毒提供指导，该文研究了营养液中臭氧浓度的上升、衰减，臭氧杀灭营养液中3种植物病原菌所需的残余臭氧浓度、接触时间和残留臭氧对黄瓜根系的伤害。结果表明：高浓度臭氧气体在营养液中形成的臭氧平衡浓度高，达到平衡浓度所需的时间短；低浓度臭氧气体形成的臭氧平衡浓度低，达到平衡浓度需要的时间长。当营养液中残余臭氧浓度为0.6 mg/L，接触时间5 min时，臭氧对10³ cfu/mL浓度黄瓜枯萎病、番茄枯萎病和10⁶ cfu/mL浓度十字花科软腐病3     

臭氧发生器产量及冷库类型与臭氧积累量关系(简报)

冷藏配合臭氧处理进行果蔬保鲜是一项新型的保鲜方式。掌握不同产量的臭氧发生器在不同类型冷库中应用时臭氧浓度的变化规律,对果蔬贮藏具有重要意义。该文研究了臭氧产量分别为0.2、0.49 和0.94 g/h的3种臭氧发生器,分别放置在两种类型、容积均为100 m3、温度为（0±0.5）℃冷库中,臭氧浓度的积累规律。结果表明,臭氧发生器的产量对库内臭氧积累量有极显著影响,随发生器产量的增大积累浓度增加。装配式气调库在120～140 min、砖混结构冷库在60～90 min时臭氧浓度达到最高值,而后基本维持在最高值时的浓度水平上。产量为0.94、0.49 和0.2 g/h的3种臭氧发生器在装配式冷库中臭氧累积最高浓度分别为1.37、0.71和0.30 mg/m3,臭氧浓度与时间的回归曲线相关系数分别是0.9234、0.9252和0.9689;在砖混结构冷库中,臭氧累积最高浓度分别为1.25、0.62和0.23 mg/m3,臭氧浓度与时间的回归曲线相关系数分别是0.7293、0.8816和0.9105。装配式气调库内臭氧累积浓度显著高于砖混结构冷库内臭氧累积浓度。     

不同浓度牛蒡提取液对菠菜生长及品质的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度牛蒡提取液对菠菜生长及品质的影响.结果表明,与清水对照相比,喷施30～1500 mg/L牛蒡提取液可使菠菜鲜重增加10.8%～30.0%;可能由于"稀释效应",叶绿素含量降低2.7%～15.7%;Vc含量提高46.1%～136.4%;硝酸盐含量降低 23.2%～69.2%;草酸含量降低 22.3% ～67.6%.其中,对叶绿素含量、Vc 含量、硝酸盐及草酸含量的效应,都以 30 mg/L 处理的效果最好.而鲜重方面,30 mg/L处理与效果最好的 500 mg/L处理之间差异亦不显著.因此,从对菠菜的生长情况、品质情况及经济角度综合考虑,牛蒡提取液应用在菠菜上的适宜浓度为 30 mg/L.     

采前草酸处理对西兰花贮藏品质的影响

为探讨采前草酸处理在西兰花采后保鲜上应用的可行性,西兰花于采前5 d喷洒20 mmol·L^-1草酸水溶液,以喷洒等量纯水处理作为对照,采后2℃贮藏15 d,之后20℃货架贮藏4 d,定期测定生理及品质指标。结果表明,采前草酸处理可显著抑制贮藏期间呼吸强度和乙烯释放量的上升(P<0.05);延缓失重率的上升,抑制L^*值的增加和H值的下降,抑制叶绿素含量、Vc含量和硬度的下降,采前草酸处理可提高西兰花的贮藏品质。本研究结果为采前草酸处理在西兰花贮藏上的应用提供了理论依据。     

海沃德猕猴桃货架期预测模型的建立

为建立海沃德猕猴桃货架期品质变化动力学模型,以实现对海沃德猕猴桃货架期的预测。本试验将经0.5 μL·L^-1 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理(处理组)与不处理(对照组)的猕猴桃于0、4、15、25℃条件下贮藏,测定其硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量;并基于Arrhenius理论建立货架期预测模型,选取20℃样本对该模型进行验证。结果表明,1-MCP对试验设置温度条件下贮藏的海沃德猕猴桃硬度、可滴定酸含量和Vc含量的降低以及可溶性固形物含量的升高均有一定的延缓作用;同时对其硬度和Vc含量变化情况进行拟合,比较拟合后的反应速率常数k,发现温度越高Vc含量和硬度变化越快。比较零级反应和一级反应线性回归决定系数R²可知,对照组和处理组Vc含量变化动力学方程遵循一级反应动力学,对照组R²≥0.97,处理组R²≥0.94;对照组和处理组硬度含量变化动力学方程遵循零级反应动力学,对照组R²≥0.96,处理组R²≥0.92。对照组硬度下降及Vc含量下降的lnk和1/T的R²>0.98,处理组硬度下降及Vc含量下降的lnk和1/T的R²>0.89。将预测值和实测值进行比较,结果显示,对照组猕猴桃货架期预测值和实测值相对误差均在±10%以内。综上表明,用硬度变化预测猕猴桃货架期,操作简单,相对误差较低。本研究结果在猕猴桃贮藏、销售中具有较好的应用价值。     

流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏对西兰花贮藏品质的影响

西兰花是深受人们喜爱的蔬菜,衰老黄化是其采后正常的生理代谢过程,也是引起西兰花品质劣变的主要因素。为此寻求开发有效、绿色安全的西兰花保鲜方法迫在眉睫。以甘肃特色高原蔬菜西兰花品种耐寒优秀为试材,研究流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏、0 ℃预冷4 ℃贮藏和对照不预冷4 ℃贮藏等3种处理方式对其贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,在整个贮藏期,流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏处理西兰花的叶绿素含量、萝卜硫素含量、Vc含量、氨基酸含量以及可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于0 ℃预冷4 ℃贮藏处理和不预冷4 ℃贮藏处理。与0 ℃预冷4 ℃贮藏和不预冷 4 ℃贮藏相比,流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏可以增加西兰花贮藏期萝卜硫素、总酚物质和多糖的含量。流态冰预冷近冰温贮藏可保持西兰花贮藏期营养品质,同时能够维持西兰花的功能成分,保持其商品价值。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.