Olfactory bulb removal eliminates maternal behavior in the mouse

Olfactory bulb removal eliminated maternal behavior in lactating and in virgin mice. The results are in contrast to the generally accepted concept of multisensory control of mammalian maternal behavior.     

Olfactory bulb removal eliminates mating behavior in the male golden hamster

Mating behavior in sexually naive and sexually experienced male golden hamsters was totally eliminated by removing their olfactory bulbs. In contrast, the mating behavior in blinded, unilaterally bulbectomized, and sham-operated controls was essentially normal. Testosterone injections restored normal sexual behavior in castrated controls but had no effect on the bilaterally bulbectomized animals.     

Olfactory discrimination in the rabbit olfactory glomerulus

Slow potentials evoked by odor stimulation were recorded from individual glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Systematic analysis of responses to nine different, arbitrarily selected stimuli strongly suggests a certain amount of discrimination. This fact seems to reflect in the first synapse of the olfactory tract the type of discrimination that was recently demonstrated within olfactory neuroepithelium.     

Olfactory bulb units: activity correlated with inhalation cycles and odor quality

Single olfactory bulb units were studied in two macrosmatic species of rodents under conditions intended to preserve the cyclical stimulation which normally accompanies nasal breathing. Patterns of unit activity related to the inhalation cycle were observed in all animals, often in the absence of specific stimuli, and could not be explained in simple mechanical terms. Distinctive changes in these patterns occurred in response to certain odors, and were generally independent of changes in the overall firing frequency. These findings indicate that a change in the overall firing frequency of unit discharges is neither a necessary nor sufficient measure of responsiveness to odors in the rodent olfactory bulb, and that stimulus-specific temporal distributions of unit firing may be involved in olfacto-endocrine activities.     

几种中药材仓贮害虫对丁香的嗅觉行为反应

采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对丁香(Syzygium aromaticum)花蕾粉末的化学成分进行了分析,并应用四臂嗅觉仪测试了丁香花蕾粉末及其主要成份丁香酚对几种中药材仓贮害虫的嗅觉行为反应.结果表明,丁香花蕾粉末的主要化学成分为丁香酚和反-石竹烯(反-丁香烯);丁香花蕾粉末和丁香酚对黑菌虫(Alphitobius diaperinus)有驱避作用,而对烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)有引诱作用,且丁香酚是丁香中对黑菌虫和烟草甲产生趋性作用的主要化学成分;丁香对赤拟谷盗(T     

西方蜜蜂对不同小菊品种花冠精油的嗅觉和触角电位反应

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了8种不同小菊品种的花冠精油,并利用嗅觉仪和触角电位(EAG)仪比较分析了西方蜜蜂对不同小菊品种花冠精油的嗅觉和触角电位反应。结果表明:西方蜜蜂对不同品种小菊花冠精油挥发物的嗅觉反应不同。其中,西方蜜蜂对0.1μL·mL-1的‘金陵春梦’和‘金陵晚霞’挥发油表现出明显的正趋性,选择系数分别为0.72和0.63。西方蜜蜂对不同品种(或材料)小菊花冠精油的EAG反应亦有差异,其中对‘04-1-29’、‘金陵双秀’小菊的EAG反应值显著大于其他供试小菊(P<0.05),而对‘金陵锦袍’和‘04-8-8’小菊的EAG反应值小于其他供试小菊。     

Olfactory learning-set formation in rats

Rats trained on 16 two-odor discrimination problems showed rapid acquisition of a learning set and one-trial learning by the end of the problem series. Learning to sample odor cues before responding and adoption of a "win-stay, lose-shift" strategy probably accounts for the virtually errorless learning. Learning-set performance of rats trained with odor stimulus comparable to that reported for primates trained on visual cues.     

昆虫嗅觉机制的研究进展

嗅觉机制对于昆虫选择栖息地、获得食物、趋利避害、传递讯息、群集以及繁殖等许多行为起到重要作用。因此,通过研究昆虫嗅觉系统,可以阐释嗅觉发生过程中的普遍机理,还有助于理解昆虫嗅觉活动与其整个生命活动之间的联系,进而为高等动物特别是人的嗅觉研究提供科学依据。并且通过对昆虫嗅觉机理的研究,发展出了一系列新的害虫治理方法,为害虫防治提供了新的思路。近年来,随着生物化学、分子生物学、昆虫行为学和昆虫电生理学的深入研究,科技人员发现了许多相关的嗅觉活性分子和嗅觉相关基因,从分子层面对昆虫嗅觉机制进行解释。本文综述了气味信号通过嗅感器转变为电信号,并由昆虫触角叶编码整合,最终传递到前脑整个过程中所涉及的分子组件及昆虫体内生理生化等方面有关进展。     

啮齿动物的嗅觉识别与配偶选择

嗅觉识别在哺乳动物尤其是啮齿类动物中有重要意义.个体可以通过嗅闻化学信号物质(信息素)而获得其它个体特征信息.成年个体对异性个体的气味识别将影响其配偶选择.     

洋葱鳞茎紧实度遗传分析

以7个品种(系)为材料,按Griffing(Ⅳ)方法双列杂交配制组合21个,对洋葱鳞茎紧实度的杂种优势和遗传参数进行分析估算。试验结果表明,鳞茎紧实度大多表现为负向的杂种优势,其遗传符合加性——显性模型,但显性作用更重要,显性方向指向减效,由寡基因控制,狭义遗传力为15％。     

郁金香种球腐烂病的病原鉴定

1999—2001年连续3年从杭州市太子湾公园种植的腐烂郁金香种球上分离到木霉菌株(Trichoderma sp.)，经柯赫氏法则验证。确定为引起郁金香种球腐烂的病原菌。经形态特征观察。鉴定为Trichoderma virens。其菌丝生长的最适温度为25—30℃，最适pH值为5．0～6．0。适在PDA培养基上生长。农药咪鲜胺。绿亨2号，多菌灵和福星对该病原菌有较好的抑制作用。     

百合试管鳞茎诱导技术研究

通过对百合试管鳞茎诱导的系统研究,建立高效稳定的百合鳞茎诱导体系。以百合鳞片为外植体,分析不同因素对百合鳞茎诱导的难易及快慢程度。结果表明,MS,1/2MS,B5和N6作为基本培养基均能诱导形成小鳞茎,但MS较其他3种更适合诱导鳞茎的形成,且数量多。试验还表明,以不同部位鳞片作外植体,其内层鳞片诱导率最高;NAA浓度为0.5 mg·L-1且6-BA 浓度为1.0 mg·L-1时鳞茎诱导率最高,达78%;同时,百合鳞茎诱导率还受培养时间、不同糖源种类和浓度的影响,培养时间越长诱导率越高,添加30 g·L-1蔗糖诱导效果佳。     

Centrifugal arousal in the olfactory bulb

The electrical activity of the olfactory bulb was recorded in awake, unrestrained cats with electrodes permanently implanted. It was found that any kind of sensory stimulation producing alertness or arousal brought about the appearance of bursts of rhythmic activity, the magnitude of which was related to the degree of alertness of the cat.     

4种单体化合物对甜菜夜蛾嗅觉行为的影响

利用Y型嗅觉仪测定方法,研究了己酸、壬酸、己醇和壬醛4种单体化合物对甜菜夜蛾嗅觉行为的影响,并对4种化合物的有效剂量进行了筛选。结果表明,4种供试化合物均对甜菜夜蛾雌虫表现出明显的驱避作用。己酸的驱避活性剂量范围为稀释200～1 200倍,壬酸的有效剂量范围为稀释10～1 000倍,己醇在稀释300倍和500倍时表现出显著的驱避活性,而壬醛在稀释800～1 200倍时对甜菜夜蛾雌虫有显著的驱避作用。己酸、壬酸、己醇和壬醛驱避效果最佳的稀释倍数分别为1 000倍、500倍(和800倍)、500倍、1 000倍,驱避率依次为96%、82%、76%、82%。因此,这4种对甜菜夜蛾具有明显抑制作用的单体化合物在甜菜夜蛾的防治方面有潜在的应用前景。     

金龟子嗅感器及嗅觉机理的研究进展

昆虫利用触角上的嗅觉感受器来识别化学信号。金龟子触角的嗅觉感受器为板形感器和锥形感器。与鳞翅目昆虫一样,金龟子嗅感器对化学气味具有选择性,并且雌雄两性间常常存在嗅觉差异。目前金龟子嗅觉信号转导的分子生物学研究也开展起来,已鉴定了多种金龟子的气味结合蛋白(OBP)和信息素结合蛋白(PBP),同一类群金龟子的PBPs相互之间同源性很高。     

Procedure for Studying Olfactory Discrimination in Pigeons

A discrimination, based on olfactory stimuli, was established in two pigeons by an operant conditioning procedure. Results from control sessions demonstrate that the discrimination can be attributed only to the presence or absence of olfactory stimuli.     

Olfactory recognition: a simple memory system

Mice have an olfactory (pheromone) recognition memory located at the first relay in the sensory system. It is acquired with one-trial learning, contingent upon norepinephrine activation at mating, and lasts for several weeks. The mechanism involves Hebbian (association-dependent) changes in synaptic efficacy at dendrodendritic synapses in the accessory olfactory bulb. As a result of this memory, males made familiar by mating are recognized by the females, thereby mitigating pregnancy block. Such a memory function is biologically important to the female, as it is required to sustain pregnancy in the presence of her stud male's odors.     

百合鳞茎发育生物学研究进展

百合是重要的鲜切花,也可以做盆花,还可以在园林中应用。要生产出优质的百合切花,需要优良的百合种球,生产出优质种球需要对百合鳞茎的发育生物学深入了解。在阐述了百合鳞茎生长发育特点的基础上,对其生长发育过程中重要的生理生化变化进行了综述,其中包括鳞茎中淀粉含量变化、淀粉代谢的关键酶、可溶性糖及蛋白质的相关研究进展,并就今后鳞茎发育研究趋势进行了展望。