香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌检测技术研究进展

香蕉褐缘灰斑病严重影响香蕉产量和品质,是香蕉生产上的重要生物灾害之一.香蕉褐缘灰斑病的早期诊断、检疫及防治的重要基础与前提是建立快速、灵敏的检测技术,从而准确及时鉴定出病原菌种类.本文介绍了香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌的种类和分类,概述了国内外香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌检测方法的研究进展,总结和归纳了传统、血清学、DNA指纹图谱、常规PCR...     

25%乙嘧酚SC对香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率法测定结果表明，25％乙嘧酚(ethirmol)对香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌具有较好的抑制作用，其毒力回归方程为：y=1．3084x 1．1806，EC50为822．26mg／L，EC90为7918．72mg／L。     

大豆灰斑病菌生理小种鉴定

大豆灰斑病菌生理小种鉴定胡国华，于凤瑶，程显伟，勇健康，栾怀海（黑龙江友谊县农垦科学院红兴隆所１５５８１１）大豆灰斑病（ＣｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｓｏｊｉｎａＨａｒａ）广泛发生于世界大豆产区。１９１５年日本首次发现，我国以黑龙江东部地区发生严重，近年向西移...     

云南省玉米灰斑病菌的分子鉴定

本研究利用ITS区、tef1基因、cmdA基因和HIS基因4个基因部分序列对2009-2011年间采自云南省主要灰斑病发生区域和吉林省部分区域的玉米灰斑病菌进行比较分析。结果表明,无论是4个基因序列单独聚类还是拼接序列聚类均把云南省灰斑病发生区域采集的菌株与Cercospora zeina聚为一群,而吉林省采集的灰斑病菌则与Cercospora zeae maydis聚为一群。聚类分析还表明云南省不同玉米产区的灰斑病菌遗传背景单一,在所有聚类树中均聚为一群,且自举支持值均>99%。     

玉米灰斑病抗性鉴定技术

对玉米灰斑病菌孢子产生、病菌接种和寄主抗病性测定技术的研究结果表明，应用玉米叶粉碳酸钙琼脂和玉米叶粉琼脂两种培养基，温度24～25℃，培养5天，病菌可大量产生分生孢子；于植株喇叭口期，用注射器将病菌孢子悬浮液注射于植株喇叭口中，获得了理想的发病效果；对20个玉米自交系注射接种鉴定结果表明，玉米自交系间抗病性差异明显，但未发现免疫自交系。     

东北春大豆灰斑病菌生理小种鉴定结果初报

 大豆灰斑病病原菌具有高度的变异性,能分化出许多生理小种,美国的Athow 1952年首次报道了大豆灰斑病病原菌的生理分化现象。     

玉米灰斑病菌生物学特性研究

 玉米灰斑病菌(Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and Doniels)适合分离的培养基有花生叶斑病尾孢菌培养基、PDA、V8汁、V8汁+蔗糖20 g和Richard培养基。适宜菌丝生长的pH 4~12,最适宜的pH 6~8,适宜温度为20~25℃。病菌对葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖和对酵母膏、硝酸钾、牛肉膏的利用好于其它碳源或氮源。分生孢子萌发的温度为20~30℃,pH范围广,RH ≥ 81%以上分生孢子萌发,随湿度增加萌发率增高。营养对孢子萌发无影响。     

大豆灰斑病菌毒素生物活性分析

 大豆灰斑病菌[Cercosporium sojina(Hara) Liu&Guo]可以产生有毒代谢物。滤液透析及热稳定性测试结果表明:该毒素可以穿过半透膜,为较小分子化合物并具有很强的热稳定性。该菌培养物浸提液经浓缩,硅胶柱层析可得粗毒素。生物测定结果表明:该毒素对大豆幼苗及叶片具有致萎作用。针刺叶片可产生类似真菌感染的病斑。浸渍处理后,可使叶组织失绿、萎蔫最后坏死,同时毒素对抗性不同的品种有鉴别作用。     

黑龙江省部分育成大豆新品系抗大豆灰斑病鉴定

2004年采用混合生理小种,人工喷雾接种方法,对黑龙江省大豆新品系进行灰斑病鉴定筛选研究,从中鉴定出钢9491-2、九三97-40、绥98-6074等22份抗灰斑病资源材料,并建立了比较全面的抗性调查评价体系。     

海南香蕉污斑病病原鉴定及防治试验初报

通过发病蕉叶组织分离培养和回接致病性测定表明,在海南省发生的香蕉污斑病是由半知菌亚门丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)侵染所致。调查发现,高温多湿、通风透光较差和荫蔽的蕉园发生重。采用清洁蕉园和药剂防治,取得了较好防效。     

Population differentiation in the banana leaf spot pathogen Mycosphaerella musicola, examined at a global scale

Single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to determine the genetic structure of the global population of Mycosphaerella musicola , the cause of Sigatoka (yellow Sigatoka) disease of banana. The isolates of M. musicola examined were grouped into four geographic populations representing Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Australia and Indonesia. Moderate levels of genetic diversity were observed for most of the populations ( H  = 0·22–0·44). The greatest genetic diversity was found in the Indonesian population ( H =  0·44). Genotypic diversity was close to 50% in all populations. Population differentiation tests showed that the geographic populations of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Australia and Indonesia were genetically different populations. Using F _ST tests, very high levels of genetic differentiation were detected between all the population pairs ( F _ST > 0·40), with the exception of the Africa and Latin America-Caribbean population pair. These two populations differed by only 3% ( F _ST = 0·03), and were significantly different ( P  < 0·05) from all other population pairs. The high level of genetic diversity detected in Indonesia in comparison to the other populations provides some support for the theory that M. musicola originated in South-east Asia and that M. musicola populations in other regions were founded by isolates from the South-east Asian region. The results also suggest the migration of M. musicola between Africa and the Latin America-Caribbean region.     

香蕉叶斑病的药剂防治研究

通过室内筛选和田间试验,得到防治香蕉叶斑病的3种化学药剂组合和1种生物农药组合。复配药剂12.5%腈菌唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂、40%氟硅唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂和12.5%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂+12.5%腈菌唑乳油2年的田间防效均在71.6%～75.7%,显著高于1%中生菌素水剂+4%枯草芽胞杆菌水剂的防效。     

广西香蕉真菌性叶斑病病原菌种群结构分析

2009年2-3月对广西香蕉主产区真菌性叶斑病病原进行抽样鉴定。结果显示,广西香蕉真菌性叶斑病病原至少有10种,主要病原为Cordana musae,分布广,检出率为56.77%~92.19%;Corynespora cassiicola和Deightoniella torulosa为次,两种病原菌均主要集中在南宁地区,检出率分别为32.34%和22.61%;叶斑病类型以单一病原侵染为主,检出率为78.13%~92.19%;复合侵染的叶斑病类型以2种病原共同侵染居多。     

茶树链格孢叶斑病的病原鉴定

茶树是我国重要的经济作物,茶园叶病的流行会造成严重的经济损失。2017年10月到2018年1月从安徽、福建和湖北省茶区的9个茶树品种上采集代表性茶叶斑病叶,该病害的发病症状与由Colletotrichum spp.引起的茶炭疽病相似。采用组织分离法从发病叶片组织分离获得26株菌落形态一致的真菌分离物,显微镜观察结果显示,各菌株分生孢子的产生方式和形态特征相似。为进一步明确菌株的分类地位,选取2株来自安徽庐江和宣城地区的代表性菌株(EC-6和XBC1-3)进行多基因片段的PCR扩增和序列分析。结果表明,代表性菌株EC-6和XBC1-3的ITS、gpd、tef-1a基因序列分别与交链格孢Alternaria alternata参考菌株CBS 107.27的序列(KP124300, KP124157, KP125075)相似性为100%、99%和100%,结合菌株形态学观察以及柯赫氏法则验证,证实交链格孢是引起该茶树叶斑病的致病菌。这是在安徽茶区首次发现由致病性链格孢引起茶树叶斑病。     

海南槟榔细菌性叶斑病病原鉴定

In 2008, a severe bacterial disease was observed in Wenchang, Hainan Province. Symptoms consisted of small circular to elongated brown lesions surrounded by yellow halos. All isolates, which formed white colonies, were gram-negative and each had a single, polar, sheathed flagellum. Isolates were oxidase and catalase positive, negative for arginine dihydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis and starch hydrolysis, and acid production from levan. Sequences of the 16S rDNA gene of the isolates shared 98% sequence identity with that of Burkholderia andropogonis strain LMG2129 (GenBank accession No. NR118985). Pathogenicity tests were conducted and fulfilled Koch's postulates, indicating that these isolates are causative agent of the disease. The results led to the conclusion that the causal pathogen of betel palm bacterial leaf spot was B. andropogonis. It is the first report of B. andropogonis causing bacterial leaf spot of betel palm in mainland China.     

玉米弯孢叶斑病研究现状、问题与展望

玉米弯孢叶斑病[Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed]是我国近几年玉米上发生的一种重要病害,对玉米高产稳产构成严重威胁。本文介绍了玉米弯孢叶斑病病原、发生规律、危害损失、抗病机制以及防治技术等主要研究进展及其存在问题。     

加那利海枣叶斑病病原鉴定*

对加那利海枣叶斑病的症状进行了观察。结果表明,加那利海枣叶斑病主要发生在叶片和叶柄。初期症状是在叶片和叶柄出现水渍状褪绿色的褐色小点,病斑扩大成浅褐色椭圆形或不规则病斑,病斑周围有黄色的晕圈,后期变褐色至灰褐色,中央产生小黑点。按照柯赫氏法则对该病害的病原菌进行分离和致病性测定。通过形态学观察和rDNA ITS序列分析鉴定,将病原菌鉴定为异色拟盘多毛孢［Pestalotiopsis versicolor (Speg.) Steyaert］。     

南天竹一种新的叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

<正>南天竹(Nandina domestica)为小檗科南天竹属,常绿灌木,形态优雅,果实球形鲜红且经冬不落,是赏果观叶的园林绿化植物。南天竹具有重要的药用价值,有“镇咳止喘、兴奋神经、强壮身体”之效[1]。在生长过程中,南天竹叶片易受炭疽病(Colletotrichum)危害[2],也可受叶斑病(Pestalotia microspore)、褐斑病(Cercospora nandinae)、     

Sources of resistance to Pseudocercospora fijiensis,the cause of black Sigatoka in banana

Black Sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, is one of the most devastating diseases of banana. In commercial banana-growing systems, black Sigatoka is primarily managed by fungicides. This mode of disease management is not feasible for resource-limited smallholder farmers. Therefore, bananas resistant to P. fijiensis provide a practical solution for managing the disease, especially under smallholder farming systems. Most banana and plantain hybrids with resistance to P. fijiensis were developed using few sources of resistance, which include Calcutta 4 and Pisang Lilin. To broaden the pool of resistance sources to P. fijiensis, 95 banana accessions were evaluated under field conditions in Sendusu, Uganda. Eleven accessions were resistant to P. fijiensis. Black Sigatoka symptoms did not progress past Stage 2 (narrow brown streaks) in the diploid accessions Pahang (AA), Pisang KRA (AA), Malaccensis 0074 (AA), Long Tavoy (AA), M.A. Truncata (AA), Tani (BB), and Balbisiana (BB), a response similar to the resistant control Calcutta 4. These accessions are potential sources of P. fijiensis resistance and banana breeding programmes can use them to broaden the genetic base for resistance to P. fijiensis.