仔猪黄痢病原地方株分离鉴定和耐药性检测

仔猪黄痢是危害仔猪较严重的传染性疾病之一,目前在一些大型和个体养猪场中,由于饲养管理不良、环境卫生差、用药不规范,常暴发初生仔猪发生腹泻、消瘦衰弱,严重时可导致大量仔猪死亡;同时由于在临床上缺乏化验条件,加之生产上盲目滥用抗生素及化学抗菌药物,导致临床上不断出现大肠杆菌的耐药菌株,使该病的控制越来越难,从而给养猪业带来了严重的经济损失。生产实践中,为了对该病进行确诊,了解地方菌株耐药情况,为防治仔猪黄痢提供可靠依据,我们进行了一系列试验,现报告如下。     

仔猪黄痢

本病主要发生于7日龄内仔猪,3日龄内仔猪发病最多,一周以上的仔猪很少发病。临床症状: 仔猪突然发病死亡,当发现猪出现症状时,多数已到晚期。病程稍长的仔猪主要症状是拉黄痢,粪便呈黄色水样,带粘液,含有凝乳小片,顺肛门流下,捕捉挣扎或者鸣叫时,粪水从肛门冒出,病猪衰弱、虚脱、昏迷而死。防治: 1、 用本地流行的大肠杆菌血清型制备的活菌或灭活苗接种妊娠母畜,可使仔畜获得被动免疫。或产前48小时内用长效抗菌剂10—5ml,分点肌肉注射一天一次。 2、猪产仔时的处理措施母猪分娩时专人守护,所产仔猪放在有干净垫草的萝筐内,待产仔完毕…     

仔猪黄痢治疗新法

仔猪黄痢是一种以拉黄色或黄白色稀粪为特征的肠道传染病，主要危害1～7日龄仔猪。发病后感染率高，多呈急性经过，如不及时治疗，将会引起死亡。1998年以来，笔者对发生本病的1 127头仔猪，以庆大霉素和诺氟沙星联用，配合阿托品对症治疗，取得了较好的疗效。1 治疗 每头仔猪每次用硫酸庆大霉素10mg／kg、诺氟沙星20mg／kg、硫酸阿托品0．2mg／kg，用0．9％生理盐水拌成糊状，抹于仔猪舌上服用。1d 1次，连用2～3d。2 疗效 多数仔猪服药2次，就停止腹泻，精神好转，粪便成形。部分服药3次停止腹泻。少数治愈后5d内复发或服药后仍拉黄色稀粪…     

仔猪黄痢的诊治

仔猪黄痢是由致病性大肠杆菌引起初生仔猪的一种急性、高度致死性的疾病,临诊上以剧烈水泻、迅速死亡为特征,是集约化养猪场常见的危害较大的传染病。因大肠杆菌易产生抗药菌株,药物治疗往往难以奏效,需采取综合性的防制措施才能有效控制该病。2000年2月初,南京某种猪场新生仔猪突然发生拉稀,随后出现死亡。其间根据药效试验选择药物治疗,不能控制发病和死亡。后采取综合防制措施才得以控制该病。此次发病期间共产仔243窝,其中有171窝发病,发病率为703%,死亡800余头,死亡率28%,造成严重损失。1　临床症状及病理变化初生仔猪突然拉稀,排出稀…     

仔猪黄痢的综合防治

仔猪黄痢，又称早发性大肠杆菌病，系由致病性大肠杆菌的某些血清型引起，是初生仔猪常发的急性、高致死性传染病。     

仔猪黄痢的防治

1诊断1.1仔猪多于出生后1～3d发病,初为1～3头仔猪发病,后迅速波及全窝,乃至整批新生仔猪。1.2猪拉黄色或黄白色糊状恶臭粪便,其中有凝乳小块黏糊于肛门、后肢等处。1.3剖检死亡仔猪,其肠道膨胀,并有大量黄色液体和气体,颈腹下有水肿,肠黏膜呈急性卡他性炎症变化。1.4取小肠前部内容物于麦康凯培养基上划线培养,挑取红色菌落,作溶血实验和生化试验可确诊。2预防2.1母猪产前45d、15d注射大肠杆菌苗。2.2产前21d注射仔猪黄、白痢苗。2.3产前、产后2d肌注产期保康20mL/d。2.4产前、产后7d饲喂支原净1×10-4、金霉素4×10-4。2.5接产时用0.01%…     

仔猪黄痢防治初探

仔猪黄痢防治初探唐黎标（浙江省淳安县姜家木旺兽医站３１１７２２）仔猪黄痢是哺乳仔猪由大肠杆菌引起的急性、致死性传染病。临床上以拉黄色或黄白色稀粪为特征。主要发生于７日龄以内的哺乳仔猪，尤以１～３日龄最为多见，且发病率和死亡率均很高。近年来，随着专业化...     

巧治仔猪黄痢

为更好地防范口蹄疫，畜牧兽医部门积极引导专业户进行口蹄疫疫苗接种，有效地防止了口蹄疫的发生。但应注意免疫注射所引起的不良反应。如某猪场注射口蹄灭活苗佐剂苗时，出现严重反应：猪只精神不振、体温升高、拒食、背部、耳朵充血，颤抖，造成休克等症状。经市兽医防疫检疫站人员到场指导，救治使猪只恢复正常，现报告如下：     

三种兽用中药注射液后海穴注射治疗仔猪黄痢的效果

选用穿心莲、博落回和鱼腥草注射液,以后海穴（交巢穴）注射治疗仔猪黄痢360例,通过比较治疗效果,筛选相同用药途径下的有效治疗药物。结果,穿心莲、博落回和鱼腥草注射液三组治愈率分别为70.8%、65.0%和60.8%,总有效率分别为87.5%、80.0%和64.2%;穿心莲组治愈率分别较其他两组提高5.8%和20.0%,总有效率提高7.5%和23.3%;三组死亡率分别为2.5%、5.8%和9.2%,穿心莲组死亡率分别比其他两组降低3.3%和6.7%。表明后海穴注射穿心莲注射液治疗仔猪黄痢具有较好效果。     

母猪喂服中药"黄白痢散"对仔猪黄白痢的预防效果

根据中兽医辨证施治理论，选择了穿心莲、白头翁等中草药配成预防仔猪黄白痢的制剂“黄白痢散”，通过拌料喂服母猪进行了预防仔猪黄白痢的试验。18头胎次、体重、年龄、分娩期相近的待产母猪随机分为3组，一组为对照组(CK)，其余两组为处理组，两个处理组的母猪从产前5—7d开始，每头每天分别喂50g和100g黄白痢散1次，产后l一2d连喂2次，之后每隔7d再喂1次，直至断奶。结果表明：(1)“黄白痢散”煎剂在平板对所分离的大肠杆菌的平均抑菌圈直径为14．3mm；(2)添加“黄白痢散”的两个处理组分别获得83．22％和94．29％的保护率，效果显著(P＜0．01)，与CK相比，处理组黄白痢发病率分别下降了46．10％和58．06％，平均断奶窝重分别提高8．8lkg和11．06kg，而窝收益分别增加98．22元和l17．22元。由此可见，通过母猪饲料喂服“黄白痢散”，对大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌效果，可有效预防仔猪黄白痢，有显著的经济效益。     

治疗仔猪黄白痢中兽药临床处方筛选

为了筛选出治疗仔猪黄白痢的最佳中药处方,确定其合理用药剂量和适用范围,试验将478头确诊为黄白痢的哺乳仔猪随机分为6组,分别用3种预选处方（处方一、处方二和处方三）、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星与诺氟沙星联合用药进行治疗,比较预选处方与对照药物对仔猪黄白痢的治疗效果,筛选最佳的中药处方;并对每种中药处方按照低、中、高3种剂量进行用药,确定预选处方的合理用药剂量;按照发病特点进行用药。探讨预选处方对不同病症的适用性。结果表明：预选处方对仔猪黄白痢的治疗效果优于对照药物,且复发率显著低于后者;3种中药处方中,处方一的疗效最好,治愈率为82．9％,总有效率可迭84．7％,显著高于其他处方;处方一中剂量组的疗效最好,治愈率为88．9％,总有效率可达91．1％,显著高于其他剂量组,而且治愈后无复发现象。     

增效联磺注射液药代动力学和体外抗菌活性的研究及对仔猪白痢的疗效试验

选用6头健康杂种猪,肌肉注射增效联磺注射液(0.3 mL/kg体重)进行药代动力学研究.高效液相色谱法测定该制剂中SMM、SMZ和TMP的血药浓度,用MCPKP计算机程序处理所得血药浓度-时间数据.肌肉注射增效联磺注射液后SMM、SMZ和TMP的药-时数据适合一级吸收二室模型,主要药代动力学参数:T1/2Ka分别为(0.285±0.087)、(0.756±0.366)和(0.402±0.131), T1/2α分别为(4.11±1.35)、(2.09±0.85) 和(3.18±1.20)h,T1/2β分别为(30.92±12.84)、(8.32±3.34) 和(20.03±7.74) h,Cmax分别为(15.32±3.06)、(29.33±2.68) 和(4.03±0.65) μg·mL-1,AUC 分别为(0.371±0.129) 、(0.193±0.022)和(0.417±0.086) mg·L-1·h-1.用大肠杆菌C83902、巴氏杆菌C48-1对增效联磺注射液进行体外抗菌活性测定,结果MIC均＜1.22 μg/mL(以SMM计).对猪肌肉注射增效联磺注射液,其有效浓度可保持48 h,临床上以0.3 mL/kg体重剂量治疗仔猪白痢可48 h肌肉注射1次;增效联磺注射液与复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶注射液及复方磺胺甲噁唑注射液对仔猪白痢的疗效相当,但使用次数减少.     

野生动物分离菌耐药基因多重PCR检测及序列分析

调查来源于16种四川地区野生动物粪样的24株革兰氏阴性肠杆菌中氨基糖苷类抗生素四种修饰酶基因(am inoglycosides-mod ifying en-zym es,AMEs)的分布情况。应用K-B法进行常规药敏试验,采用多重PCR技术检测分离菌中四种AMEs(aphA3、aacC4、aadA、aacC2)基因并进行序列分析。药敏试验显示分离菌对链霉素的耐药率最高(8/24),对新霉素的耐药率最低(1/24%);多重PCR检测结果显示,aphA3、aa-dA、aacC2基因的检出率分别为:7/24、3/24和2/24,而所有菌株中均未检出aacC4基因;序列分析表明扩增产物与Genbank中的相应序列有很高的同源性(≥97.8%)。     

湖北江汉平原冷季型草坪草的抗性研究

对湖北江汉平原引种的24个冷季型草坪草(品)种,包括8个高羊茅Festuca arundinacea 品种,12个草地早熟禾Poa pratensis 品种和4个多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne 品种的抗旱性、抗病性和抗虫性进行评定,分别筛选出一些单一抗性及综合抗性表现优良的草坪草品种,为冷季型草坪草在我国冷、暖季型草坪草种的过渡带地区的建坪和管理提供依据.     

断奶应激对仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响研究

为了研究早期断奶应激对仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响,试验采用同窝杜×(大×长)三元杂交健康仔猪12只,分别于断奶前3天、断奶后3天及断奶后2周进行红细胞受体C3b花环试验、免疫复合物IC花环试验及血常规检验,观察断奶应激对仔猪红细胞免疫功能、红细胞数量及血红蛋白含量影响的动态变化。结果表明:断奶应激导致仔猪红细胞C3b受体花环率(C3bRR率)、红细胞总数和血红蛋白含量降低,IC花环率(ICR率)的变化明显。说明断奶应激可导致仔猪红细胞免疫功能下降,红细胞免疫功能低的仔猪更容易发生(断奶)应激性腹泻。     

恩诺沙星口服混悬液的研制及其对仔猪黄白痢疗的效观察

以恩诺沙星为原料,纯化水为溶媒,利用胶体磨采用分散法研制出恩诺沙星口服混悬液,并对制剂进行了稳定性研究.结果显示,所有参试样品的外观性状、沉降体积比、再分散性、相对含量等指标均无明显变化,表明该制剂稳定性良好.结果表明,试验组与对照组对仔猪黄白痢的治愈率分别为72.0%和66.0%,有效率分别为92.0%和72.0%,试验组对仔猪黄白痢的有效率与对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),表明恩诺沙星口服混悬液对仔猪黄白痢的临床疗效显著优于恩诺沙星溶液.     

Salmonella spp. in Bavarian liquid pig manure: occurrence and relevance for the distribution of antibiotic resistance

In a representative study, 380 manure samples of pig farms distributed all over Bavaria (Germany) were screened for the presence of Salmonella spp. at the time of manure application to soil using methods adapted to DIN EN ISO 6579. The isolates were tested according to DIN 58940 for their susceptibility towards 26 antimicrobial substances - such substances partly administered in animals, but mainly used in human therapy. Six out of 380 manure samples and, in addition, the only separated liquid manure sample examined, contained Salmonella isolates. Serotypes represented S. Typhimurium (n = 5), S. Derby (n = 1) and S. Infantis/S. Serogroup C1-(6,7:r:-)-form (each n = 1). Within the serovar S. Typhimurium, the most common phage type was DT104 (n = 3). All Salmonella isolates originated from 'big' farms (>30/45 sows on combined/breeding farms or >220 fattening pigs). Four out of six manure samples contained resistant isolates; all resistant Salmonellae were multi-resistant. Two out of three DT104-isolates showed the typical penta-resistance pattern often found in S. Typhimurium DT104, which was, furthermore, supplemented by other resistances. One Escherichia coli isolated together with a phage type DT104 S. Typhimurium also expressed the same penta-resistance pattern.     

Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from laying hens and eggs in conventional and organic keeping systems in Bavaria, Germany

By investigating the prevalence and resistance characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria from organic and conventional kept laying hens against 31 (Campylobacter: 29) different antibiotics using the microdilution method, we determined to what extent different keeping systems influence bacterial resistance patterns. For this purpose, samples from 10 organic and 10 conventional flocks in Bavaria (Germany) were investigated four times between January 2004 and April 2005. Altogether, 799 cloacal swabs and 800 eggs (contents and shells) were examined. The bacterial investigation performed with standardized cultural methods showed prevalence for all bacteria groups in about the same order of magnitude in the two different keeping systems: Salmonella spp. 3.5% (organic ([org])) versus 1.8% (conventional ([con])); Campylobacter spp. 34.8%(org) versus 29.0%(con) and E. coli 64.4%(org) versus 69.0%(con). Coliforms (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea) were only isolated in single cases. In eggs, generally less bacteria were detected, predominantly Escherichia; Salmonella and Campylobacter were only scarcely isolated. Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (n=10) were resistant to up to nine, S. of the serogroup B (n=4) up to six antibiotics. All tested Salmonella (n=23) proved to be resistant to spectinomycin. Escherichia coli (n=257(org) and 276(con)) from organic layers showed significant lower resistance rates and higher rates of susceptible isolates to nine agents, namely amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, doxycycline, mezlocillin, neomycin and piperacillin. In contrast, only two antibiotics turned out to be more effective in conventional isolates (gentamicin and tobramycin). In the case of Campylobacter jejuni (n=118(org) and 99(con)), statistically significantly better rates were observed for isolates from organic flocks concerning imipenem and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, whereas fosfomycin was more potent in strains from conventional flocks. Results of this study indicate that both resistance rates and mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of bacteria isolated from organic keeping systems have lower values than those from conventional ones, particularly recognizable for E. coli. Thus, organic livestock farming with its restrictions and additional requirements contributes to further effectiveness of antibiotics.