Carboxy-terminal amino acids of gamma-A and gamma-M heavy chains

The carboxy-terminal amino acids of alpha-and micro-chains from human immunoglobulins and alpha-chains from mouse immunoglobulins have been determined by carboxypeptidase digestion and hydrazinolysis. The data suggest the following carboxy-terminal sequences: human micro: Ala-Gly-Thr-Cys-TyrCOOH; human alpha: Thr-Cys-TyrCOOH; murine alpha: (Ileu, Cys)-TyrCOOH.     

T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白随机进化文库的构建

为筛选遗传背景清晰、裂解性能优良、宿主识别谱广泛的噬菌体用于抗菌产品开发,满足畜禽减抗、无抗养殖需求,通过易错PCR技术定向改变T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白羧基末端基因序列,并构建T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白随机进化文库,为筛选识别不同宿主的T7噬菌体奠定基础。提取T7噬菌体基因组,用SfiⅠ进行单酶切,回收SfiⅠ位点左侧基因组。常规PCR扩增尾丝蛋白羧基末端基因序列(TF-ct,约350 bp)以及gene17至T7基因组右侧末端基因序列(约4 000 bp)。以回收的TF-ct片段为模板,进行易错PCR扩增,将随机突变的TF-ct基因片段连接T载体,构建质粒文库。从质粒文库中用SfiⅠ/SphⅠ双酶切出TF-ct片段,并与SfiⅠ位点左侧基因组片段、gp17右侧基因组片段进行连接,利用包装蛋白拯救出T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白随机进化文库。结果易错PCR成功扩增TF-ct基因片段,并连接T载体构建质粒文库;同时随机突变的基因正确插入T7噬菌体基因组相应位置,成功拯救出尾丝蛋白定向进化T7噬菌体文库。从噬菌体文库中随机挑选15个克隆进行序列分析,目的基因的突变率在1.23%～2.16%;尾丝蛋白loop区域的氨...     

羊口疮病毒F1L蛋白对山羊痘病毒黏附BHK21细胞的影响

以提取羊口疮痂皮中病毒的DNA为模板,用PCR扩增羊口疮病毒(ORFV)的059基因序列,并进行基因克隆、测序鉴定和生物信息学分析;优化合成059基因编码序列,连接载体pET42a(+),转化Escherichiacoli BL21(DE3);用异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导阳性克隆菌,采用免疫印迹检测表达的F1L蛋白,并以His柱纯化蛋白、梯度法复性及Bradford法测定蛋白浓度;将BHK21细胞铺于12孔板中培养至单层,分别作F1L蛋白、山羊痘病毒(GTPV)、先蛋白后病毒、蛋白和病毒混液4种方式孵育,利用荧光定量PCR测定孵育至1.0、6.0h的细胞黏附GTPV的量,研究ORFV F1L蛋白对GTPV黏附BHK21细胞的影响。结果表明：成功获得了ORFV重庆石柱分离株(ORFV–CQsz)的059基因编码序列,其编码的F1L蛋白包含1个结合细胞表面硫酸乙酰肝素受体的结构域,显示出肝素结合活性;该蛋白羧基端有2个跨膜区,不利于蛋白质的表达,但优化DNA序列构建的重组质粒菌,经IPTG诱导后获得对F1L蛋白的高效表达;免疫印迹显示F1L蛋白对ORFV抗体有较好的反应原性;Bra...     

Requirement of AMPA receptor GluR2 phosphorylation for cerebellar long-term depression

Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) is a model of synaptic memory that requires protein kinase C (PKC) activation and is expressed as a reduction in the number of postsynaptic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors. LTD was absent in cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells from mutant mice lacking the AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit and could be rescued by transient transfection with the wild-type GluR2 subunit. Transfection with a point mutant that eliminated PKC phosphorylation of Ser880 in the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of GluR2 failed to restore LTD. In contrast, transfection with a point mutant that mimicked phosphorylation at Ser880 occluded subsequent LTD. Thus, PKC phosphorylation of GluR2 Ser880 is a critical event in the induction of cerebellar LTD.     

Structure of Arp2/3 complex in its activated state and in actin filament branch junctions

The seven-subunit Arp2/3 complex choreographs the formation of branched actin networks at the leading edge of migrating cells. When activated by Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp), the Arp2/3 complex initiates actin filament branches from the sides of existing filaments. Electron cryomicroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arp2/3 complexes bound to the WASp carboxy-terminal domain reveal asymmetric, oblate ellipsoids. Image analysis of actin branches indicates that the complex binds the side of the mother filament, and Arp2 and Arp3 (for actin-related protein) are the first two subunits of the daughter filament. Comparison to the actin-free, WASp-activated complexes suggests that branch initiation involves large-scale structural rearrangements within Arp2/3.     

Regulation of phagocytosis and [Ca2+]i flux by distinct regions of an Fc receptor.

The binding of multivalent immunoglobulin G complexes to Fc receptors (Fc gamma Rs) on macrophages activates multiple immune functions. A murine macrophage cell line, but not a fibroblast cell line, that was transfected with human Fc gamma RIIA mediated phagocytosis and an intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) flux upon cross-linking of human Fc gamma RIIA. Transfected macrophages that expressed a truncated receptor lacking 17 carboxy-terminal amino acids phagocytosed small antibody complexes. However, only wild-type transfectants phagocytosed labeled erythrocytes and fluxed [Ca2+]i. Thus, the cytoplasmic domain of human Fc gamma RIIA contains distinct functional regions.     

Polynucleotide sequence analysis by sequential base elimination: 3'-terminus of phage Q-beta RNA

The nucleotide sequence of a 3'-terminal fragment obtained by ribonuclease T(1) hydrolysis of the ribonucleic acid from bacteriophage Qbeta has been determined by an improved method of sequence analysis which involves sequential removal of bases by periodate oxidation and beta-elimination. The results obtained from ten such oxidation-elimination cycles and from the alkaline hydrolysis of the remaining oligonucleotide indicate that the first 16 nucleotides at the 3'-terminus of this ribonucleic acid have the sequence: -G-C-C-C-U-C-U-C-U-C-C-U-C-C-C-A.     

The 35-nucleotide spliced leader sequence is common to all trypanosome messenger RNA's

In Trypanosomatidae the messenger RNA's (mRNA's) that code for the variant surface glycoproteins (VSG's), tubulins, calmodulin, and at least a subset of other proteins contain a common 35-nucleotide leader sequence at their 5' ends. Hybrid-arrested in vitro translation has been used to show that all mRNA's in both African and South American trypanosomes contain this 35-nucleotide sequence. Oligonucleotides complementary to this sequence blocked translation of all trypanosome mRNA's in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, but did not inhibit translation of mRNA's from other organisms lacking this sequence. An oligonucleotide complementary to the VSG mRNA downstream from the spliced leader sequence arrested only VSG synthesis. Thus, the 35-nucleotide leader sequence is a general feature of all trypanosome mRNA's. The high specificity of oligonucleotides complementary to the spliced leader for their target sequence suggests that analogues permeable to the cell membrane may be useful in the treatment of trypanosomal infections.     

猪戊型肝炎病毒新疆株swCH25全基因序列的分析

 设计18对PCR引物分片段扩增猪戊型肝炎病毒新疆分离株swCH25全基因，对两末端采用末端快速扩增方法（RACE）进行扩增，扩增产物克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序。用DNAstar软件进行序列同源性分析，PHYLIP软件绘制基因进化树，在全基因序列的基础上比较猪HEV与其它HEV基因型的差异和人源HEV的关系。结果显示swCH25全序列除去3′poly（A）尾，由7 243个核苷酸组成，ORF 1～3分别编码含1070，674和114个氨基酸的蛋白质。全基因序列与HEVⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型同源性73.5%～75.7%，与Ⅳ型的同源性为83.5%～89.8%，其中与Ⅳ型中国人源T1株最高，达89.8%。ORF1与Ⅰ～Ⅲ和Ⅳ型的核苷酸同源性分别为71.6%～74%和82.3%～89.4%，氨基酸同源性为80.7%～86.1%和94.3%～96.0%；ORF2与Ⅰ～Ⅲ和Ⅳ型的核苷酸同源性分别为78.4%～81.3%和87.1%～90.9%，氨基酸同源性为89.7%～93.8%和97.2%～98.2%；ORF3与Ⅰ～Ⅲ和Ⅳ型的核苷酸同源性分别为84.4%～87.3%和95.4%～96.8%，氨基酸同源性为74.8%～83.2%和93.8%～97.4%,基因进化树显示swCH25与基因Ⅳ型人源T1株最接近，在同一分支上。swCH25株是国内第一个测出全基因序列的猪戊型肝炎病毒。     

Disulfide-dependent multimeric assembly of resistin family hormones

Resistin, founding member of the resistin-like molecule (RELM) hormone family, is secreted selectively from adipocytes and induces liver-specific antagonism of insulin action, thus providing a potential molecular link between obesity and diabetes. Crystal structures of resistin and RELMbeta reveal an unusual multimeric structure. Each protomer comprises a carboxy-terminal disulfide-rich beta-sandwich "head" domain and an amino-terminal alpha-helical "tail" segment. The alpha-helical segments associate to form three-stranded coiled coils, and surface-exposed interchain disulfide linkages mediate the formation of tail-to-tail hexamers. Analysis of serum samples shows that resistin circulates in two distinct assembly states, likely corresponding to hexamers and trimers. Infusion of a resistin mutant, lacking the intertrimer disulfide bonds, in pancreatic-insulin clamp studies reveals substantially more potent effects on hepatic insulin sensitivity than those observed with wild-type resistin. This result suggests that processing of the intertrimer disulfide bonds may reflect an obligatory step toward activation.     

黄瓜花叶病毒萝卜分离株卫星RNA的克隆及其与12个卫星RNA核苷酸序列的比较

对一株分离自萝卜（Raphanussativus）的黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)卫星RNA(Rs)进行了cDNA克隆与序列确定，并与12个已知的卫星RNA序列进行了比较。结果表明：卫星RNARs的大小为368nt；该卫星RNA所比较的13个卫星RNA的大小分布为334～405nt，可分为3个组和4个亚组；CMV卫星RNA的序列同源性和分组与卫星RNA的大小并无直接联系。卫星RNA序列之间的连续缺失和插入均集中在90～255nt间几个邻近的区域。在卫星RNA二级结构中的非配对区序列、卫星RNA的5'端近80个碱基和3'端近45个碱基相当保守。由此推测CMV卫星RNA的理论长度可达446nt。序列结构的比较显示，CMV卫星RNA具有作为外源基因载体的潜力。     

苹果Ty1-copia类逆转座子LTR10序列及其在苹果属植物中的遗传多样性分析

应用改良的Pearce方法分离苹果Ty1-copia类逆转座子RNaseH-LTRs,分离到的RNaseH-LTR_(10)序列已在GenBank注册(登录号DQ534515),该序列长度为299 bp。分析结果表明其5′端为含有终止密码子的RNaseH基因,PPT(polypurinetract)之后是3′-LTR,PPT起始于终止密码子内10 bp处,3′-LTR的起始标志末端倒转重复序列(inverted repeat,IR)TG紧随其后。LTR_(10)的正链和反链均含有多个启动子的特征结构TATA box和CAAT box,α-淀粉酶启动子的保守序列及受不同胁迫条件作用的调控元件,如AuxRE、ABRE、HSE等。利用A-SAP技术研究了LTR_(10)逆转座子在苹果属8个野生种和22个栽培品种中的遗传多样性,多态性片段比例为86.5%;品种长祝较祝光少1条约400 bp的特异性扩增条带。     

龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACC氧化酶基因的克隆及其在龙眼体胚发生过程中的表达分析

【目的】分离克隆龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)胚性愈伤组织乙烯合成关键酶ACO(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase)基因,并分析该基因在龙眼体细胞胚胎(以下简称龙眼体胚)发生过程中的表达情况。【方法】采用RT-PCR结合RACE法,获得龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACO基因的cDNA全长序列和DNA序列,运用生物信息学方法对序列进行分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)法研究该基因在龙眼体胚发生过程中的表达【。结果】克隆得到龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACO基因1315bp的cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号为FJ534854),该cDNA的开放阅读框推定的氨基酸序列(含315个氨基酸)与其它植物ACO具有86%-47%同源性,包含了5'非编码区为86bp,3'非编码区为281bp,3'poly(A)尾长13bp;该基因的DNA序列(GenBank登录号为GU123929)长为1660bp,包含3个内含子,内含子的剪切位点均符合真核生物"GT-AG"规则;该基因在龙眼体胚各阶段均有表达,整个变化趋势呈字母"M"状。【结论】确定所获得的序列是龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACO基因的cDNA序列和DNA全长序列;该基因在不完全胚性紧实结构和心形胚的表达量为两个峰值。     

金定鸭FSHR基因第1～7外显子的克隆及SNP位点的筛查

动物的繁殖活动主要受内分泌生殖激素的调控,FSHR存在于卵泡颗粒细胞膜上,属于G蛋白偶联受体家族,对动物卵巢细胞的发育、成熟和排卵具有重要的作用。本研究以高产和低产金定鸭基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增、目的基因片段克隆和测序等方法,获取金定鸭FSHR基因1~7外显子序列,并对基因序列进行比对分析。结果显示,序列a包含第1外显子(185bp)的完整序列,第1内含子(145bp)的部分序列;序列b包含第2(75bp)、3外显子(75bp)、第2内含子(463bp)的完整序列,第1(40bp)、3内含子(47bp)的部分序列;序列c包含第4外显子(75bp)的完整序列,第3(180bp)、4内含子(55bp)的部分序列;序列d包含第5外显子(78bp)的完整序列,第4(232bp)、5内含子(56bp)的部分序列;序列e包含第6(69bp)、7外显子(75bp)、第6内含子(117bp)的完整序列,第5(133bp)、7内含子(146bp)的部分序列。根据基因序列特征,对获取的5段金定鸭FSHR基因序列进行扩增序列测序比对。结果发现:在外显子1第50bp处存在A/G突变;在外显子2第30bp处存在A/G突变;在外显子4第33bp处存在C/T突变;在外显子5第45bp处存在A/G突变,第19bp处可能存在A/T突变,33bp处可能存在C/T突变。金定鸭FSHR基因序列的克隆及SNP突变位点的发现可为后续开展FSHR基因的多态性与金定鸭产蛋性能的相关研究奠定一定的基础。     

扩展莫尼茨绦虫β微管蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

[目的]从扩展莫尼茨绦虫中克隆β微管蛋白基因,进行序列测定和生物信息学分析,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定基础.[方法]构建扩展莫尼茨绦虫成虫cDNA文库,随机挑取重组阳性克隆进行测序,对部分序列进行引物步移法测序,获得其全长cDNA序列;采用生物信息学等技术对该cDNA序列进行开放阅读框(ORF)的寻找、编码氨基酸的推导、核苷酸和氨基酸同源性比较以及蛋白二级结构的初步预测.[结果]获得了1个扩展莫尼茨绦虫新基因——β微管蛋白基因,全长1571 bp,编码444个氨基酸,与日本血吸虫的β微管蛋白氨基酸序列具有78.6;的同源性.编码蛋白的理论分子量为49.6 ku,等电点为4.96;1 -4位氨基酸MREI为β微管蛋白转录后调控信号,140～146位GGGTGAG存在一个微管蛋白标志信号片段,在99～106位和391～410位存在两个典型的β微管蛋白保守区;亚细胞定位分析其为细胞的骨架蛋白.[结论]获得了扩展莫尼茨绦虫β微管蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列,为该基因功能的实验性鉴定工作奠定基础.     

Immunogenicity of glucagon: determinants responsible for antibody binding and lymphocyte stimulation

Bovine glucagon, a polypeptide of 29 amino acids, is immunogenic in rabbits and guinea pigs. The antigenic determinants of glucagon were investigated with isolated tryptic peptides of the hormone. Antibodies from virtually all of more than a dozen animals tested had specificity primarily for the aminoterminal heptadecapeptide. However, only intact glucagon and its carboxy-terminal dodecapeptide stimulated spleen or lymph node cells to synthesize DNA. It thus appears that glucagon was cleaved along functional lines into two parts, one of which contained the major antigenic determinant for serum antibody and the other of which was "recognized" by antigen-reactive cells.     

甘蔗可溶性酸性转化酶（SoSAI1）基因的克隆及表达分析

【目的】克隆甘蔗可溶性酸性转化酶基因（SoSAI1）全长cDNA序列和5?侧翼启动子序列,并分析其序列特征和基因表达模式。【方法】利用RACE技术克隆SoSAI1的全长cDNA序列,应用生物信息学软件分析SoSAI1预期编码蛋白特征;采用Genome Walking技术克隆SoSAI1的启动子序列;采用实时荧光定量PCR分析不同生长期SoSAI1在甘蔗叶和茎中的表达,以及PEG 6000、100 mmol•L-1 NaCl和6℃胁迫下,SoSAI1在甘蔗苗期根和叶中表达模式。【结果】SoSAI1的cDNA序列全长为2 387 bp,ORF长2 058 bp,编码685个氨基酸,预测其分子量和等电点分别为74.44 kD和5.6,GenBank登录号为JQ406875。5?侧翼启动子序列长417 bp,含有胚乳特异表达顺式作用元件和参与干旱诱导的MYB结合位点,GenBank登录号为KC862314。SoSAI1表达在生理成熟期的花序和花序轴中较高,而在成熟茎和老茎中较低。15%PEG和6℃能诱导叶中SoSAI1表达,而15%PEG和NaCl能诱导根中SoSAI1表达。【结论】获得SoSAI1全长cDNA序列和部分启动子序列,SoSAI1在甘蔗生长发育和蔗糖积累,并在应对环境胁迫中发挥作用。     

Autoreactive epitope defined as the anticodon region of alanine transfer RNA

Autoantibodies to aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases are common in the human autoimmune diseases polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Sera of the PL-12 specificity contain separate antibodies reacting with alanyl-tRNA synthetase and alanine tRNA (tRNAAla). The antibodies to tRNA recognize at least six distinguishable human tRNAAla species grouped into two sequence families. The antibody-reactive determinants on the tRNA were identified through ribonuclease protection and oligonucleotide binding experiments. The antibody binding site is a seven- to nine-nucleotide sequence containing the anticodon loop and requires an intact anticodon. No requirement for anticodon stem structure or sequence is observed, although the 5' portion of the stem is protected from nuclease attack. Antibodies from several patients appear to share the same specificitym, indicating that the antibodies are induced by a unique sequence feature in the immunogen.     

Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF was purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The amino acid sequence was determined for the amino terminal end of the purified protein, and oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were synthesized on the basis of this sequence. Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human TNF was cloned from induced HL-60 messenger RNA and was confirmed by hybrid-selection assay, direct expression in COS-7 cells, and nucleotide sequence analysis. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. Expression of high levels of human TNF in Escherichia coli was accomplished under control of the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter and gene N ribosome binding site.