绿盲蝽人工饲料配方的优化

本研究采用3因子2水平正交试验设计对绿盲蝽人工饲料的配方进行了优化,得出了更优的绿盲蝽人工饲料配方E,其成分如下:蔗糖2.80g、啤酒酵母0.25g、50％蜂蜜水2.50g、混匀鸡蛋22.50 g、小麦胚10.00 g、利马豆粉30.00 g、大豆粉2.50g、卵黄30.00 g、大豆卵磷脂2.25g、复合维生素1.80g、10％乙酸0.50 mL、硫酸链霉素0.005 g、头孢羟氨苄0.005 g、福尔马林0.10 mL、丙酸0.10 mL、无菌水164.00 g.该配方单头饲养的绿盲蝽若虫存活率(81.25％)、若虫发育历期(11.68 d)和成虫单雌产卵量(32.36粒)与四季豆饲养的无显著差异.与现有的绿盲蝽人工饲料相比该饲料进一步缩短了若虫的发育历期,但群体饲养的若虫存活率只有55.74％,显著低于四季豆饲养的若虫存活率(73.77％),仍需进一步优化.通过正交试验的极差分析,明确了影响绿盲蝽若虫存活率、发育历期和单雌产卵量因子的重要性为复合维生素＞大豆卵磷脂≥蔗糖.本文还就配方的进一步优化进行了讨论.     

紫杉木霉突变株UL60-11产木霉菌素的发酵条件优化

为了提高紫杉木霉Trichoderma taxi ZJUF0986突变株UL60-11木霉菌素的产量,采用单因素试验筛选出菌株UL60-11生长及产素的最佳碳氮源为葡萄糖、淀粉、蛋白胨、酵母粉、酒石酸铵;通过均匀设计与正交试验相结合优化出最佳培养基配方：葡萄糖23g、淀粉15g、蛋白胨5g、酵母粉3g、酒石酸铵2g、硫酸镁0.25g、磷酸二氢钾1.0g、氯化钠0.2g、硝酸钙0.4g。在最适工艺条件：初始pH4.0、温度25℃、种龄48h、10%接种量1、00ml/500ml的装液量和150r/min下摇瓶发酵试验,木霉菌素产量达到632.16μg/ml,比优化前提高32%。     

大草蛉幼虫人工饲料的研究

用蝇蛆匀浆液、全脂蝇蛆粉、脱脂蝇蛆粉、酵母粉、猪肝分别作为主成分,添加生鸡蛋黄、蔗糖等配成大草蛉幼虫的人工饲料,从二龄开始饲养,以幼虫存活率、羽化率等作为评价指标,通过比较得出,含蝇蛆蛋白饲料饲养效果优于酵母粉和猪肝。3种蝇蛆蛋白饲料中,含脱脂蝇蛆粉的配方实用效果最佳,幼虫存活率达96%,羽化率达58.3%。采用均匀设计法优化饲料配方,用SAS软件进行回归分析,得到饲料中4个主要成分的最佳配比:猪肝2.0g、脱脂蝇蛆粉2.3g、蔗糖0.3g、鸡蛋黄1.7g。     

用正交试验法优选绿盲蝽若虫人工饲料配方

采用10因子3水平正交试验,得出影响绿盲蝽若虫总历期的人工饲料各因子顺序为:鸡蛋啤酒酵母小麦胚大豆卵磷脂、复合维生素卵黄利马豆粉蜂蜜水蔗糖大豆粉;影响绿盲蝽若虫存活率的因子顺序为:鸡蛋啤酒酵母利马豆粉大豆卵磷脂、复合维生素大豆粉蔗糖蜂蜜水小麦胚卵黄。综合两种结果,优选出绿盲蝽若虫人工饲料配方,其成分如下:蔗糖2.8 g、啤酒酵母粉0.25 g、50%蜂蜜水2.5 g、鸡蛋22.5 g、小麦胚10 g、利马豆粉30 g、大豆粉2.5 g、卵黄30 g、大豆卵磷脂1.5 g、复合维生素1.2 g、水164 g。此优化配方饲养绿盲蝽若虫存活率为80.57%,与四季豆饲养的若虫存活率71.13%没有显著差异;若虫总历期为11.80 d,较四季豆饲养的总历期10.4 d延长约1 d。     

甜菜夜蛾人工饲料研究

在室温26±1℃,相对湿度75％～80％的条件下,分别以3种人工饲料和天然饲料(空心菜叶)对甜菜夜蛾幼虫不同龄期进行饲养比较。结果表明,除1龄幼虫成活率偏低外,3种人工饲料对甜菜夜蛾的发育历期和发育状况与天然饲料基本相似。以黄豆粉为主成分配制的人工饲料饲喂甜菜夜蛾,其化蛹率、蛹重、产卵量和雌雄性比等均优于天然饲料,而且具有配制简便、成本低、不易霉变的特点。通过3代的继代繁殖表明,无论是人工饲料,还是天然饲料,其继代的幼虫成活率和产卵量等均明显下降。     

苜蓿夜蛾人工饲养技术

在(26±1)℃、光周期14∶10(光照∶黑暗)、相对湿度50%~75%的人工气候箱中,用以黄豆、小麦、酵母粉为主要原料,配以蔗糖、琼脂、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(尼泊金)、维生素C、复合维生素液、KOH液、乙酸液、甲醛液配制成的人工饲料饲养各虫态苜蓿夜蛾,连续饲养17代,单雌产卵量、孵化率、幼虫成活率、幼虫期、蛹期、蛹重、化蛹率和羽化率等未出现退化现象。成虫补充糖分加复合维生素等营养成分,单雌产卵量显著增高。     

棉铃中性成分对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

1988年,作者在实验中发现,以96％乙醇抽提棉铃虫半人工饲料后饲喂棉铃虫,该虫的生长发育及繁殖受到不利影响,而在作上述处理的饲料中加入棉铃中性成分(见图1),则不利影响消失。1992年,作者重复了该实验结果,并比较了麦胚粉、黄豆粉和另几个品系棉花中性成分的作用,发现中性成分可消除乙醇抽提人工饲料对棉铃虫产生的不利影响。结果简报如下。     

分离土壤棉花黄萎病菌选择性培养基的筛选

 采用土壤检测稀释法、水筛法和不同土样接种量,对5种土壤浸提液改良培养基进行了比较研究。结果表明,土壤水筛法对土壤棉花黄萎病菌的检测效果优于稀释法,其菌落检测数增加4~10倍。培养基每皿0.25 g土样接种量的检测效果高于0.5 g和1g。5种测试培养基中,培养基D对分离土壤棉花黄萎病菌的选择性表现最好,其土壤接种体检测回收率达63.5%~83.3%.培养基D的组份为:土壤浸提液25 ml,KH₂PO₄ 1.5 g,K₂HPO₄ 4 g,尿酸钠0.2 g,半乳糖醛酸钠(果胶)1g,山梨糖1g,Dox盐2 ml,Tergitol NP-101ml,PCNB0.1g,琼脂17g,蒸馏水1000 ml,pH6.4~6.7。每1000ml融化培养基倒皿前加抗菌素液50 ml (含氯霉素0.05 g,链霉素0.05 g,青霉素-G盐0.05 g)。     

几种药剂防治水稻纹枯病药效试验

选用30％己唑醇SC、250g/L嘧菌酯SC及其混配不同剂量下对水稻纹枯病进行了试验.结果显示：己唑醇＋嘧菌酯使用剂量为15ml/667m2＋ 15ml/667m2对水稻纹枯病的防治效果最高达84.8％,防治效果最低的为拿敌稳,仅为67.7％,两者存在显著性差异.30％己唑醇SC ＋250g/L嘧菌酯SC使用剂量为15ml/667m2＋15ml/667m2在试验条件下,是理想的配方与剂量,且对水稻安全.     

异噁草酮高效降解菌W2发酵培养基的研究

对异噁草酮的降解菌W2菌珠的发酵培养基进行了研究.应用正交试验设计得到降解菌W2的最佳发酵培养基组成:葡萄糖1％,酵母粉0.5％,淀粉1.2％,豆粕1.2％,硫酸亚铁0.01％,氯化锰0.02％,氯化钙0.1％.     

高毒力杀虫细菌嗜线虫致病杆菌CB6菌株的培养基优化

用正交试验法研究了嗜线虫致病杆菌北京变种菌株CB6的营养利用以及培养基成分的改变对产生杀虫活性物质的影响。通过筛选该菌对碳源、氮源以及无机盐的需求,确定了该菌的最佳发酵培养基为(g/L):豆粉40g,蔗糖15g,蛋白胨15g,酵母膏10g,玉米浆5g,NaH2PO41g,NaCl5g,谷氨酸5g。培养液上清液对玉米螟初孵幼虫的体重抑制率为90 81%,比基础培养基的杀虫活性提高了46.5%。     

The effects of diet on the detection of resistance to Cry1Ac toxin in Australian Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The effects of raw or heat-denatured soybean flour in an artificial diet on the detection of Cry1Ac resistance in Helicoverpa armigera were examined. Resistant neonate larvae reared on denatured soybean flour diet showed resistance factors of 7980 and 16,901 at the LC₅₀ and LC_99.9 levels, respectively. By comparison, resistance could not be detected in neonate larvae reared on raw flour diet. Third instar larvae reared on denatured flour diet showed resistance factors of 322 and 21,190 at the LC₅₀ and LC_99.9 levels. Resistance was not detected in third instar larvae reared on raw flour diet. There was 68% survival of resistant neonate larvae on Bollgard II cotton leaf feeding assays, compared to 100% mortality in a susceptible strain. We conclude that detection of CRY1Ac resistance in H. armigera from Australia can be masked, if an artificial diet gives chronic exposure to potent, protease inhibitors present in raw soy flour.     

双条杉天牛幼虫人工饲料的筛选

双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus(Motschulsky)是柏科树木最严重的钻蛀性害虫之一。开发双条杉天牛的人工饲料是开展该害虫防治技术研究及生物学相关基础研究的重要条件。本研究在参考了其他天牛人工饲料配方的基础上,采用正交试验设计方法设计饲料配方,通过对不同配方饲料对双条杉天牛幼虫的饲养效果进行比较和极差分析,最终筛选出双条杉天牛幼虫的人工饲料最优组合为:琼脂4.7%、蔗糖3.5%、对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.5%、酵母粉3.1%、柏树木粉30%、抗坏血酸0.5%以及水。使用该人工饲料可将双条杉天牛幼虫成功喂养至羽化,并且蛹羽化率高达81.25%,总成活率为54.16%。本研究的结果可为天牛科其他天牛人工饲料的开发提供借鉴。     

用简化配方的人工卵连代饲养中华草蛉

作者曾报导用啤酒酵母、大豆、牛肉水解物为主的饲料,制成人工卵饲养中华草蛉幼虫。本文进一步研究用简化配方的人工典连代饲养草蛉。 新配方(IIB)制成人工典养幼虫和用啤酒酵母干粉饲料养成虫,一年内连续饲养10代,结果证明;对幼虫、蛹的发育历期和成虫的产卵前期均无明显影响。茧和成虫的获得率、茧重、30天产卵量,和卵孵化率也都没有降低。10代的后裔,再用蚜虫和米蛾卵等天然猎物饲养,草蛉幼虫取食和发育正常。 因此,用上述人工饲料连续饲养草蛉,至少在10代以内,不致影响其生活力和生殖力。     

Rearing of the leopard moth,Zeuzera Pyrina L., on an improved diet

Larvae of the wood borerZeuzera pyrina L. were reared on a practical diet based on soybean — milk powder — yeast as the nutrient source, and sugar-beet pulp as a binder. This diet improved the yield of adults from neonates and increased the number of matings, compared with an agar — pear-bark diet. The larva-to-adult period on the experimental diets was 3–4 months, which is one-third the period within the tree. Mass rearing of this insect for biological control programs is discussed.     

Development of a waste brewery yeast larval diet for rearing Bactrocera zonata for use in SIT

In Mauritius, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is being developed to manage the Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Novel and economical larval diets are needed to produce millions of artificially reared sterile flies needed to ensure the success of this programme. We assessed the efficacy of conventional (solid) and gel diets with formulations containing modified waste brewery yeast (WBY), an alternative low cost protein source. The WBY is obtained freely from the manufacturing plant located at the Entomology Division of the Ministry of Agro Industry & Food Security, Réduit, Mauritius. Its chemical composition is highly comparable to those of the imported commercial yeast. Formulations of both diet types varied in the ratio of WBY (%) to commercial yeast (CY) (%) (Control: 0:100, A: 25:75, B: 30:70; C: 40:60; D: 50:50). The quality parameters of flies reared on the modified gel larval diets i.e. volume of pupae, pupal weight, pupal recovery, percentage adult emergence and percentage fliers were comparatively better on the gel diet formulations B, C and D, while no significant difference in percentage egg hatch was observed between the conventional diet and the gel diet. The optimum egg seeding rate (larval density) for selected gel diets B, C and D was determined. Formulation C using 0.15 ml of eggs/100 g of diet resulted in the highest pupal recovery, pupal weight, emergence and flight ability. A five-year cost benefit analysis revealed a net cost saving of 38% (US$ 53 418.20) by using the gel diet with WBY instead of the solid diet. The cost for the production for one million flies is US$ 310.67. Our results demonstrate that the selected gel diet formulation in which commercial yeast is partially replaced by waste brewery yeast is a viable alternative to the conventional solid diet for rearing of B. zonata. There are also the added benefits in terms of reduced cost with respect to storage and disposal, due to the elimination of bulking agents.

     

50g/L咪唑乙烟酸水剂对大豆田杂草防效及安全性研究

选用50g/L咪唑乙烟酸水剂除草剂对大豆进行苗后茎叶喷雾处理.研究其对大豆田杂草的防效及对大豆的生长发育、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:50g/L咪唑乙烟酸水剂对大豆生长安全用量为200mL/667m2以内;50g/L咪唑乙烟酸水剂施药用量为300mL/667m2、400mL/667m2、600mL/667m2,除草彻底,但大豆叶片受害,产生大片药斑,生长受到严重抑制.但在生长后期基本都能恢复正常生长.     

小核盘菌菌丝生长和乙二酸合成影响因素研究

小核盘菌菌丝在V8溶液培养基和酵母浸膏溶液培养基中生长显著优于其他供试培养基,菌丝干重分别为6.666 mg/mL和6.632 mg/mL。在葡萄糖土豆浸汁培养基中产生的乙二酸量显著高于其他培养基,为1.981 mg/mL。在蔗糖液培养基中,培养7 d菌丝干重达到最大,为4.455 mg/mL。培养6 d乙二酸产生量达到最大,为0.966 mg/mL。培养基初始pH4.5最适合菌丝生长,干重为4.678 mg/mL。乙二酸含量随初始pH增加而增加,pH7.0的培养基中乙二酸含量为1.835 mg/mL。氮源含量增加可以促进乙二酸的合成,当蔗糖与大豆水解蛋白之比为25 g/10 g时,乙二酸含量为1.897 mg/mL。添加琥珀酸钠乙二酸含量显著增加,为3.741 mg/mL。