刍议农业结构调整必须思考的几个问题3、增加农民收入是农业结构调整的出发点

实现广大农村农业增效，农民增收，是新一轮农业结构调整的出发点和落脚点。     

刍议农业结构调整必须思考的几个问题--4、发展产业化是农业结构优化升级的途径

本文阐述了积极加快发展农业产业化经营，以求解决农业发展存在的产业结构的经营机制诸类问题。     

关于农民增收问题的思考

近年来，农民收入增长趋缓，增幅持续低迷，已成为农业和农村经济普遍性的问题。千方百计地增加农民收入。是当前农业和农村工作的中心任务。本文就从古田县农民收入的现状入手，分析农民增收趋缓的原因。并对促进农民收入稳定增长的对策进行粗浅的探讨。     

关于深化山区农业结构调整的若干思考

福建省清流县是典型的山区农业县。“九五”以来 ,县委、县政府根据当地资源优势 ,定准农业结构调整目标 ,积极推动实施 ,逐步形成了现在的“烤烟、水果、豆腐皮、淡水产品”四大主导产业 ,为农民人均收入从 1 995年的 2 0 96元增加到 2 0 0 1年的 340 6元做出了重大贡献 (按农经统计资料 ,未扣除物价因素 ,下同 ) ,取得了可喜成效。从年度增幅看 ,前 2年达 1 5 %～ 2 3% ,后几年仅增 4 9%～ 2 2 % ,增幅明显下降 ,这里固然有林木、矿产自然资源优势锐减和工农产品价格非均衡变动等因素影响 ,也有新一轮种植结构调整中出现的诸多方面不适应…     

闽西、南农业结构调整和产业化经营若干问题的思考

在我国即将加入ＷＴＯ以及沿海省、市加快经济发展的新形势下 ,福建省积极进行农业结构战略性调整 ,推进农业产业化。为了总结经验 ,我们对龙岩、漳州两市的农业和农村情况作了初步调查。1　农业结构调整和产业化概况1 1　两市各级党委、政府高度重视农业结构调整和产业化工作 ,抢抓机遇 ,积极行动 ,大胆实践。2 0 0 0年龙岩市围绕烤烟、畜禽、水果、林竹、蔬菜、食用菌、花卉等 7个主导产业 ,大力引进水果、蔬菜等作物优良品种 ,进行试验试种和示范 ;发展瘦肉型猪和北方种奶牛 ,加强河田鸡、连城白鹜鸭、竹晾席等名特优品牌产品开发 ;创建…     

宜昌茶产业发展的思路与对策

茶业是宜昌市重点发展的农业六大特色产业之一，也是宜昌市农村经济中的优势产业、支柱产业。茶叶是宜昌农业结构调整中具有区域优势的特色产品，也是具有竞争优势的劳动密集型产品，特别是库区移民安置就业人口多、产业关联度大、带动力强，在增加农民收入中占有举足轻重的地位。茶产业的发展对促进宜昌经济，提高农民收入具有重要意义。     

小桥镇茶业可持续发展的思路与对策

茶叶是小桥镇四大支柱产业和农民增收的主要来源之一。全镇现有茶园1.64万亩，年产茶叶1728吨，创产值860万元，税收145万元，面积、产量和产值均占建瓯市茶叶总量的1/4强。然而，随着生产的发展，长期存在的一些问题与矛盾，日益凸显著来，严重制约了茶叶生产的进一步发展。因而，探讨我镇茶业可持续发展战略，制定并实施切实可行的因应对策，以重振雄风，再创辉煌，具有重要意义。1 主要问题小桥镇茶叶生产历史悠久，曾有过辉煌的黄金时期。目前存在的主要问题大致有如下四个方面。1.1 种植品种单一，树龄老化茶树种植结构失调，品种过…     

"十五"期间我省茶叶生产情况和存在的问题

1茶产业发展速度快,效益好 "十五"期间,我省茶叶生产快速发展,在品种结构调整、名优茶开发、无公害茶园建设、加工工艺改进、茶文化宣传和品牌创建等方面取得了良好的成效.有力地促进了我省茶产业的发展.发展茶叶生产,成为茶区农民增收致富奔小康的重要渠道,也成为农业和农村经济的新增长点.表现出以下十个方面特点:     

发展苜蓿产业促进盘锦农村经济持续增长

发展苜蓿产业，可促进种植业的结构调整，促进畜牧业的发展，增加农民收入，实现农业可持续发展。分析了发展苜蓿产业的农业资源和经济上的可行性，进而提出了发展的有效途径。     

Contingent valuation approach in measuring the multifunctionality of agriculture and rural areas in Japan

The purpose of this study was to measure the economic value of the multifunctionality of agriculture and rural areas based on a more realistic assumption than that adopted in previous studies. Willingness to pay (WTP) for implementing a policy that would maintain a level of multifunctionality corresponding to a 20% decrease in the farmland area in Japan was measured by the double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method (CVM). According to a country-wide survey, the overall median WTP was 4,144 yen per household annually. The multifunctionality of agriculture and rural areas was classified into eight functions. The WTP for each of these functions was calculated taking into account the ratings assigned to the functions by the respondents. The WTP was 649 yen for flood prevention, 505 yen for recharging groundwater, 642 yen for water environment conservation, 445 yen for soil erosion prevention, 579 yen for organic resource utilization, 394 yen for the development of favorable landscapes, 290 yen for recreation and relaxation, and 641 yen for wildlife protection.     

关于加快营口农业和农村经济发展问题的探讨

阐述了加快营口农业和农村经济发展的五项措施。指出了要着力抓好8个优质农产品生产基地,搞好农业资源的合理配置,推进科技进步和创新,强化科技培训,搞好基础设施建设是加快营口农业和农村经济发展的重要途径。     

棉花种植量加倍增长启东农发行喜忧参半

由于受2003年棉花收购价格高的利益趋动，启东市当地农民由于秋季作物选择不到效益更高的种植品种，纷纷扩大了优质棉花的种植面积。据启东农业部门初步统计，启东市2004年预计棉花种植面积将达28khm^2。是2003年种植面积12khm^2的一倍多，增长130％多。对此变化，作为前几年大量投放棉花收购资金供应主渠     

探索粮农一体化推进农业产业化

1997年 11月 ,温州虹丰粮油集团公司以市场为导向 ,以股份为纽带 ,与种粮大户联合创办了粮农产销一体化组织——乐清市虹丰粮农开发有限公司 (下称粮农公司 )。公司成立两年多来 ,按照“市场牵龙头 ,龙头带基地 ,基地连农户”的产业化运作方式 ,实现了粮食产、加、销一体化经营和贸、工、农一条龙服务 ,产生了良好的社会效益和经济效益 ,走出了一条市场经济条件下搞活粮食流通的新路子。1999年 10月 ,新华社《国内动态清样》(316 1期 )和《浙江内参》发表了有关“虹丰”探索粮农产销一体化的经验 ,国务院、农业部和浙江省政府领导先后批示予…     

创新农村土地经营权流转机制,发展现代农业

农民自发、无监管、随意性的农村土地经营权流转机制已极不适应现代社会经济和现代农业的发展,土地、劳力、共用设施及资本等资源浪费现象严重,很有必要创建一种新型的农村土地经营权流转机制,与现代农业的规模化、产业化、机械化、集约化、长期稳定经营相适应,使国家、集体和个人三者的利益都能得到有效保障。新型农村土地经营权流转机制主要包括设立监管(托管)组织,规范土地经营权流转程序、形式、期限、规模,合理定价及政策法规等内容。     

哈尔滨市及周边地区大豆农户生产技术需求调查分析木

通过对哈尔滨周边6个县(市)13个村的大豆农户进行入户调查,得出该区域大豆农户急需的前5位大豆生产技术类型,分别是新品种、新农药、新肥料、病虫草害防治技术和高产技术;前10位的具体技术措施,分别是高产品种、高产与优质兼顾品种、优质品种、复合肥、抗重迎茬技术、化学农药、病虫害精准防治、病虫害精准预报、农药减施技术、栽培模式。在分析农户大豆生产技术需求优先序列的基础上,就如何提高我省大豆生产技术应用水平提出政策建议。     

江苏沿海地区农科所近年育成的棉花品种

江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所是国家及江苏省“八五”、“九五”、“十五”攻关项目、“十一五”科技支撑计划的承担单位,先后育成棉花新品种苏棉15号、苏棉22号、苏棉24号,在江苏省内外累计推广种植2533．33khm^2以上。增加社会效益40多亿元。其中苏棉15号2000年被国家科技部、农业部确定为后补助品种,苏棉22号2007年起被确定为江苏省良种补贴品种,苏拂24号是盐城市自主培育的第1个杂交棉品种。详细介绍了该3个品种的特征特性及栽培技术要点。江苏沿海地区农科所将新品种选育与产业化相结合,使科技成果在棉花生产上得到了较好的应用。     

Patterns of cover crop use,adoption, and impacts among Indiana farmers

Cover crops have recently been generating a lot of interest in agriculture for their agronomic benefits, including erosion control, nutrient restoration, and increased cash crop yield. However, the value of these benefits is not well established and likely highly variable. The factors that influence a farmer’s decision to adopt or not adopt cover crops are also a point of interest to conservationists and policy makers. As part of a long-term study estimating the benefits and costs of cover crops, this study analyzed five years of historic information collected from Indiana farmers, who either grew or did not grow cover crops. No significant impact was found from cover crops on cash crop yields, but several interesting correlations in cover crop use were found. Cover crop use was higher on steeper fields. There was also a high correlation between the use of cover crops and no-till.     

Aphid-control advice to farmers and the use of aphid-monitoring data

A postal questionnaire survey of recipients of the Rothamsted Insect Survey Aphid Commentary showed that the interpretations of aphid-monitoring data were used widely to assist in aphid control on arable crops, especially cereals, but were used less for control on apples and hops. Potentially, the information in one form or another could reach all farmers, and in reality the actual number reached is thought to be large. Ministry of Agriculture advisers make most use of available aphid forecasts and economic thresholds and on all crops, except seed potatoes, recommend that the decision to control aphids should be based on population levels on crops. The majority of consultants and commercial advisers give advice similat to that of Ministry advisers, but fever make use of available forecasts and economic thresholds and a larger proportion advise routine aphid control. The possible effects of these differences between advisers on overall pesticide usage are discussed.     

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of farmers on rodent pests and their management in the lowlands of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Philippines

A survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of 100 rice farmers and 50 coconut farmers was conducted in the coastal lowland agro-ecosystems of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Luzon, Philippines to identify current rodent management practices and to understand the extent of rat damage and the attitudes of farmers to community actions for rodent management. Pests were most commonly listed as one of the three most important rice and coconut production constraints. Other major crop production constraints were typhoons and insufficient water. Farmers consider rats to be the major pest of coconut and of rice during the wet season rice crop, with average yield losses of 3.0% and 13.2%, respectively. Rice and coconut farmers practised a wide range of rodent management techniques. These included scrub clearance, hunting and trapping. Of the 42 rice farmers and 3 coconut farmers that applied rodenticides to control rodents, all used the acute rodenticide, zinc phosphide. However, only ten rice farmers (23.8%) applied rodenticides prior to the booting stage and only seven farmers (15.6%) conducted pre-baiting before applying zinc phosphide. The majority of farmers belonged to farmer organisations and believed that rat control can only be done by farmers working together. However, during the last cropping season, less than a third of rice farmers (31.2%) applied rodent management as a group. In order to reduce the impact of rodents on the farmers of the coastal lowlands of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, integrated management strategies need to be developed that specifically target the pest rodents in a sustainable manner, and community actions for rodent management should be promoted.