Correction to: Molecular characterization,expression following cold stress,and functional characterization of YB-1 gene in the spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

Aquaculture International -     

花鲈不同养殖群体的遗传结构分析

采集我国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)主要养殖地区山东(青岛市和东营市)、浙江(宁波市)、福建(福鼎市、漳州市梅岭镇、漳州市桥东镇和漳州市东山县)、广东(珠海市斗门区)的86尾个体作为实验对象,结合已报道的花鲈野生群体的遗传研究背景,通过ddRAD简化基因组测序对以上花鲈养殖群体进行遗传结构分析。主成分分析(PCA)与遗传组分分析结果(最佳聚类K值为2)均显示,8个花鲈养殖群体与天津、烟台和文登的野生群体间遗传差异较小,表明我国花鲈养殖群体主要为黄、渤海种质来源。8个养殖群体间遗传分化分析结果显示,福建漳州梅岭镇和桥东镇的2个养殖群体与其他养殖群体间出现显著的遗传差异,表明所检测的养殖群体内部也出现了一定程度的分化。本研究结果可为我国从山东到广东(从北到南)的花鲈养殖群体遗传结构分析提供参考,为后续花鲈种质资源的保护、育种工作提供依据。     

中国沿海6个花鲈群体的形态差异分析

通过聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析等多元分析方法,对东港、绥中、秦皇岛、青岛、舟山以及珠海等6个花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)地理群体的8个形态比例性状进行了研究。聚类分析和主成分分析表明,6个花鲈群体可被分为两支:来自黄海、渤海海域的东港、秦皇岛、绥中和青岛群体为一支(北方群体);东海海域的舟山群体和南海海域的珠海群体为另一支(南方群体)。南北群体间有一定程度的形态分化,和舟山群体相比,珠海群体和北方群体的亲缘关系更近。主成分分析获得的3个主成分方差贡献率分别为31.726%、27.744%和14.075%,累计贡献率为73.545%。利用8个变量构建的6个地理种群的判别公式,判别准确率在63.6%~84.4%之间,综合判别准确率72.7%。本研究结果为花鲈地理种群判别、种质资源评价以及良种选育等提供了基础资料。     

花鲈ISG15基因cDNA序列的克隆及传染性脾肾坏死病毒胁迫下表达谱分析

为探究花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)干扰素刺激基因 15 (Interferon-stimulated gene 15, ISG15)在抵抗病毒过程的免疫应答反应, 本研究克隆、鉴定了花鲈 ISG15 基因(LmISG15), 并对其进行生物信息学分析, 获得了 LmISG15 在各组织中的表达特征及其在受到传染性脾肾坏死病毒(infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, ISKNV)感染后的时空表达特征。结果显示, 该基因全长 1625 bp, ORF 为 480 bp, 编码 160 个氨基酸, 分子质量为 17.5 kD, 理论等电点为 9.41。LmISG15 的氨基酸序列较为保守, 与眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)和条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)相似度分别为 74.07%和 71.88%。LmISG15 在花鲈 10 种组织中均有表达, 在心脏中表达量最高, 其次在脑、中肾和鳃中的表达量较高, 在肌肉中表达量最低。注射 ISKNV 后, 花鲈头肾组织中病毒拷贝数升高, 同时 LmISG15 在花鲈肝脏、头肾和鳃中的表达量显著上调(P＜0.05)。研究表明, LmISG15 参与了抵抗病毒刺激的免疫应答过程。     

花鲈cox6a基因与相关miRNA的鉴定及其在盐度适应中的表达调控分析

细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）是线粒体电子传递链的末端酶,COX6A是细胞色素c氧化酶的核编码亚基之一。为丰富花鲈（基因及相关miRNAs在花鲈渗透调节机制中的潜在作用,本研究开展了花鲈cox6a基因的miRNAs,并对其与）。系统进化树分析进一步确认了两个花鲈在垂体、脑、肝脏和肾脏中的表达量较高,基因的miRNA：miR-30e-5p、miR-223、miR-200a-3p和miR-155-5p,但没有发现可能靶定基因以及miR-30e-5p、miR-223、miR-200a-3p都呈现显著差异表达,而miR-155-5p仅在适应高盐环境时出现了显著的差异表达。这表明,基因和4个miRNAs在花鲈的渗透调节过程中发挥潜在作用。其中miR-30e-5p、miR-223和miR-200a-3p的表达趋势与cox6a2基因的表达调控。本研究为探讨花鲈适应不同盐度环境的渗透调节机制提供了基础数据。     

花鲈性腺分化组织学及性别相关基因cyp11b和cyp19a1a的表达分析

以花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus) 1~214 dph (day post hatching)的仔稚鱼、幼鱼以及18月龄的雌鱼和雄鱼为研究对象,研究了花鲈早期性腺发生、发育和分化情况;分析了性腺分化过程中性别相关基因(cyp11b和cyp19a1a)的表达及与性别之间的关系。结果显示,在30 dph [全长为(1.28± 0.10) cm],首次在中肾管前端的腹腔膜周围观察到原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells, PGCs),说明30 dph前是花鲈胚后PGCs迁移至生殖嵴的关键时期;在55 dph [全长为(2.45±0.19) cm],观察到一对呈对称分布的原始性腺已经形成,说明花鲈幼鱼的原始性腺在30~55 dph (全长为1.28~2.45 cm)之间发生;55~180 dph时(全长为2.45~12.28 cm),原始性腺不断发育变大,并且一直处于未分化状态;180 dph后性腺开始分化;在195 dph [全长(14.54±1.54) cm]观察到精巢开始分化,卵巢于205 dph [全长为(15.86±0.94) cm]开始分化,且性腺的解剖学分化要早于细胞学分化;18月龄的花鲈幼鱼性腺发育到Ⅱ期。性别分化相关基因cyp19a1a在花鲈卵巢中的表达量高于同期精巢,说明其在卵巢的分化及维持中发挥更关键的作用,而cyp11b在18月龄幼鱼Ⅱ期精巢中的表达量显著高于同时期的卵巢及Ⅰ期精巢,说明其主要在精巢的分化及维持中扮演重要角色。本研究结果不仅可以丰富花鲈的繁殖生理学资料,也为其性别调控技术的研究提供了科学依据。     

Survival and serum biochemical responses of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus during simulated waterless live transportation

Waterless live fish transportation is an alternative and promising transport strategy, which may reduce shipping costs, increase stocking density and improve survival of some species. Spotted sea bass is one of the most economically important marine fish in China. However, waterless transportation has not yet been studied on spotted sea bass. To explore the possibility of waterless transportation of spotted sea bass and its sublethal stress responses, the survival rate and dynamics of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study by preserving it under no water, less water and water (control) conditions for 9 hr. The serum biochemical parameters including total protein, cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) were investigated. Results showed that the survival rates of fish in all groups gradually declined with time increasing. At the end of transportation, the survival rates in the control group, less‐water group and no‐water group decreased to 49.11%, 15.60% and 23.96% respectively. Significant changes were observed in several selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, lactate, ALT, TCO₂, BUN and ammonia during simulated waterless transportation, which might negatively affect the physiological homeostasis of fish, leading to the high mortality in present study. In general, waterless transportation of spotted sea bass was possible, but it might be rather suitable for short time than long time.     

Outbreak of hirame rhabdovirus infection in cultured spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus on the western coast of Korea

In this study, we determined the cause of a disease outbreak in spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus reared in culture cages on the western coast of Korea in 2013. The major signs in the diseased fish exhibited were haemorrhaging on the membranes of the abdomen, gastrointestinal organs and opercular gills, as well as an enlarged spleen. No external morphological signs of infection were visible, except for a darkening in colour. No parasites or pathological bacteria were isolated from the diseased fish; however, epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells inoculated with tissue homogenates from the diseased fish showed cytopathic effects (CPEs). Virus particles in the EPC cells were bullet‐shaped, 185–225 nm long and 70–80 nm wide, characteristic of Rhabdoviridae. Polymerase chain reaction analyses of homogenized tissues from the diseased fish and supernatants of cell cultures with CPEs indicated specific, 553‐bp‐long fragments corresponding to the matrix protein gene of the hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV). Phylogenetically, the HIRRV phosphoprotein gene of spotted sea bass was more closely related to phosphoproteins from Chinese and Polish HIRRV strains than from other Korean strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HIRRV infection in cultured spotted sea bass.     

饲料维生素C对急性降温后花鲈免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响

为研究饲料维生素C(Vc)对急性降温后花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响,以含有不同水平Vc(6.85、46.90、88.24、167.43、329.21和658.69mg/kg)的饲料饲养花鲈56d后,进行急性降温(从33℃C水体转入27℃水体)处理24h和48h.结果显示,...     

氧化鱼油与棕榈油对花鲈肝脏抗氧化酶及组织结构的影响

在21个200 L圆形流水水槽中各放养花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼,初始体质量为(1.73±0.01)g.在相同的环境条件下投喂以棕榈油(P)与新鲜鱼油(F)或氧化鱼油(OF)不同比例混合的7组饲料(10P,10F,6F4P,4F6P,100F,60F4P和40F6P),每个实验组设3个重复.60d饲养实验结束后,通过测定花鲈肝脏部分抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD,过氧化氢酶CAT和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),并对肝脏,肠以及肌肉进行组织学观察,研究在配合饲料中添加棕榈油替代氧化鱼油对花鲈肝脏抗氧化酶活力及其对组织结构的影响.结果表明,在含有氧化鱼油的实验组中,添加40%的棕榈油对花鲈肝脏的CAT活力以及GSH-Px活力有显著提高作用(P<0.05),对SOD活力有一定的提高效果(P>0.05),各组间总抗氧化能力差异不显著(P>0.05).新鲜鱼油组(10F,6F4P,4F6P)间抗氧化酶活力差异不显著(P>0.05).非氧化组花鲈肝脏和肌肉组织结构完整,100F组花鲈肝脏和肌肉组织呈现氧化脂肪中毒症状,添加棕榈油后(60F4P和40F6P)症状减轻,各组花鲈肠结构无明显差异.由此认为,棕榈油在花鲈饲料中部分替代鱼油是可行的,另外,在贮存不当的饲料中,后喷涂一定比例的棕榈油能对其毒性产生缓解作用.     

鲈鱼人工繁殖育苗试验

<正> 近几年,鲈鱼资源明显减少,单靠从海里捞取天然鲈鱼苗种已不能满足养殖生产需要。因此,我们开展了对鲈鱼的人工繁殖和孵化育苗试验,并获得苗种25.3万尾。 1 试验材料及方法 1.1 亲鱼的来源及选择 所用亲鱼是2000年11月15—22日陆续从渤海海区专门捕捞的,从中挑选没有产过卵、体质健壮、无病、体表无伤、体重3kg(4龄)以上的雌性鲈鱼5尾、雄鱼8尾投放在船上早已准备好的帆布篓中,采用换水法和尼龙袋补充纯氧,以保持水中溶解氧。将亲鱼运至滦南县会达水产养殖公司工厂化海水育苗池暂养,供繁殖用。亲鱼入池前用5×     

养殖日本真鲈和大口黑鲈原料特性比较

为了解养殖海水鲈鱼日本真鲈(Lateolabrax iaponcas)和淡水大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)原料特性及加工可适性,测定了养殖日本真鲈和大口黑鲈的形态参数、基本成分、蛋白质组成、p H值、采肉率、熟肉率、系水力、滴水损失、鱼肉色泽和质构参数,并对养殖日本真鲈和大口黑鲈原料特性进行比较分析。结果表明:日本真鲈和大口黑鲈的形体参数和色泽差异显著(P0.05),两者的鱼头、鱼骨和内脏所占比例均较高;粗脂肪含量差异较大(P0.05),大口黑鲈粗脂肪含量是日本真鲈的2.70倍;粗蛋白总含量差异不大,但各种蛋白的含量有显著性差异(P0.05),日本真鲈的总基质蛋白含量高于大口黑鲈;大口黑鲈鱼肉较日本真鲈p H略低,熟肉率低,滴水损失率和失水率分别为日本真鲈的2.20倍和2.06倍;大口黑鲈和日本真鲈的质构参数均存在显著性差异(P0.05),大口黑鲈质构特性优于日本真鲈,口感较好。综合分析表明日本真鲈适合加工鱼糜等产品,而大口黑鲈适合生鱼片、鱼片等加工。两种鱼在加工过程中产生的下脚料较多,应合理利用下脚料提高其附加值。     

花鲈冷冻精液受精鱼苗与鲜精受精鱼苗的同工酶比较分析

采用水平凝胶电泳技术对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)冷冻精液受精鱼苗与鲜精受精鱼苗进行了同工酶分析。本实验选取肌肉和肝脏两种组织,检测了IDHP、PGM、LDH、GPI、MDH、G3PDH、ME、HK、SOD、G6PD和SDH等11种酶,得到13个位点:IDHP*、PGM-1*、PGM-2*、LDH*、GPI-1*、GPI-2*、MDH*、G3PDH*、ME*、HK*、SOD*、G6PD*和SDH*。结果显示在0.99水平,SDH*和PGM-2*位点在两种受精鱼苗中均表现为多态,多态位点比例均为0.1538;平均预期杂合度分别为0.0460和0.0407,但未观测到杂合子,观测杂合度均为0,遗传偏离指数均为-1;有效等位基因数分别为1.0720和1.0850,花鲈冷冻精液受精鱼苗与鲜精受精鱼苗的遗传相似度为0.9991,遗传距离为0.0010。由此可见,花鲈的冷冻精液受精鱼苗和鲜精受精鱼苗间未出现同工酶水平上的遗传差异,冷冻保存精液完全适用于花鲈育苗生产。     

培育花鲈苗种投饵率分析

近年来随着花鲈自然资源的日趋减少与消费需求的日益增加,花鲈的人工养殖业已经逐渐为人们所重视。国内目前花鲈的养殖苗种主要依靠天然资源,放养的规格小,质量差,成活率低。针对这种情况我们把花鲈苗种在工厂化车间里进行强化中间培养。使养成的鱼种质量提高,规格增大,成活率上升。本文主要是通过对花鲈苗种培育期间的不同投饵率的比较,以求得一个最佳的投喂量。     

海鲈游泳续航时间和运动代谢规律研究

为研究海鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)的游泳续航能力和游泳过程中的物质代谢规律,以深水网箱养殖的3月龄海鲈为研究对象,采用游泳续航时间和生化指标作为评测海鲈游泳能力和代谢规律的方法进行了试验。结果显示,海鲈的游泳续航时长为200 min,其续航能力强于大黄鱼而弱于美国红鱼。在游泳过程中,海鲈血糖浓度升高,但差异性不显著(P>0.05),肌糖原随着时间的增加显著减少(P<0.05),且肌糖原浓度在海鲈疲劳时接近于0。当鱼接近100%疲劳时,其肝糖原浓度也接近于0;当海鲈以不同疲劳程度游泳时,其肌肉乳酸脱氢酶浓度会显著升高(P<0.05)。表明海鲈的续航游泳过程伴随着无氧呼吸和有氧呼吸。     

Induction of triploidy in spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus Steindachner, 1868) by cold shock

Conditions for the induction of triploidy with cold shock of fertilized eggs of the spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner) were investigated. Different temperatures (12, 8 and 4 °C), timing of cold shock application (5, 10 and 15 min after fertilization) and duration of the shock (5, 10, 15 and 20 min) were tested. Triploidy was determined using flow cytometry at 12 h after larvae hatched. Triploids were produced only when the cold shock treatment was applied 5 min after fertilization. No significant difference was observed in the percentage of triploidy between temperature and the shock duration. At 8 and 4 °C, 100% triploidy was obtained at different durations of cold shock. Survival was significantly lower at 12 or 4 °C than at 8 °C. No significant difference was observed for shock duration at the temperature of 8 or 12 °C; however, at 4 °C, survival was significantly lower at longer durations. We recommend induction of triploidy by applying cold shock at 8 °C for a duration of 15–20 min starting at 5 min after fertilization, in the spotted sand bass.     

壳聚糖对花鲈生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.5%、1%和2%的壳聚糖,连续投喂花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)60d,探讨壳聚糖对花鲈生长和非特异性免疫力的影响。结果表明,添加0.5%和1%壳聚糖可以显著促进花鲈的生长,但是不同添加浓度对成活率均无影响。在30d时添加0.5%或1%壳聚糖能有效提高花鲈的补体活性、溶菌酶活性和吞噬活性;在60d时仅明显提高补体活性。添加壳聚糖对白细胞的数量没有影响。     

渤海鲈鱼人工繁殖技术

鲈鱼又叫花鲈 ,中国鲈 ,为我国重要名贵经济鱼类。苗种来源以自然海区为主 ,尤其是渤海产天然苗种生长快 ,对盐度适应性强 ,倍受各地养殖户的青睐。但由于对苗种的过度捕捞 ,使渤海鲈鱼资源急剧衰退 ,因此 ,人工繁殖鲈鱼苗种对保护鲈鱼资源 ,促进人工养殖的健康发展是非常重要的。我们连续两年对渤海鲈鱼进行了生产性人工繁殖都取得了可喜成果。 2 0 0 1年培育后期仔鱼1 1 0万尾 ,2 0 0 2年培育了 3～ 5cm幼鱼 2 0余万尾 ,现将渤海鲈鱼人工繁殖的有关技术总结如下 :1　亲鱼来源　采捕于渤海湾南部和西部海区 ,雌雄都在 4龄以上 ,体重雌性 6…     

Molecular cloning of sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) TLR1 and analysis of its expression pattern after stimulation with various bacteria

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play an indispensable role in fish immunity, being involved in pathogen recognition and the triggering of immune reactions. Here, a member of the TLR family, TLR1, from Lateolabrax japonicus was characterized and its expression pattern and intracellular localization were analysed. The full‐length LjTLR1 cDNA (2,755 bp) was found to encode a polypeptide of 827 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contained three main structural domains: an extracellular leucine‐rich repeat domain, a transmembrane domain and a Toll/IL‐1 receptor domain. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that LjTLR1 was expressed in all of the examined tissues to varying degrees, with the highest levels being measured in the head kidney. In order to assess the antibacterial functions of LjTLR1 during infection, the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi and Streptococcus agalactiae were used. LjTLR1 was significantly upregulated in the three immune organs (the head kidney, spleen and liver) following bacterial stimulation, and its expression was detected 6 hr after initial exposure. In mRNA in situ hybridization experiments, positive signals were more numerous in the treatment group than the control group, verifying the expression patterns observed. Assessment of the intracellular localization of LjTLR1 revealed it to be present in the cytoplasm. These results indicate the potential role of LjTLR1 in immune responses to bacterial infection. This study enriches our knowledge of L. japonicus immune genes and provides a theoretical basis for further research concerning the antibacterial functions of fish TLRs during infection.     

花鲈白细胞介素8基因的克隆与序列分析

采用同源克隆和末端快速扩增(RACE)的方法,从经LPS刺激的花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)总RNA反转录产物中获得了803 bp的IL-8 cDNA序列。该序列包含159 bp的5′非编码区(UTR)和359 bp的3′非编码区(UTR)以及297 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),可编码99个氨基酸。序列的3′UTR含2个mRNA不稳定基序,在Poly A尾上游17 bp处有1个明确的Poly A加尾信号(AATAA)。预测的氨基酸结构含27个氨基酸组成的信号肽,将信号肽切除可产生72个氨基酸组成的成熟肽,预测成熟肽的分子量约为8.3 kD,等电点为7.85。花鲈IL-8序列中用于形成二硫键的4个半胱氨酸保守,前2个半胱氨酸被1个精氨酸分开,形成CXC结构。与其他鱼类的IL-8相似,花鲈IL-8序列中也缺乏哺乳类中存在的ELR基序,而含有ELH结构。进化分析显示,花鲈IL-8与从鱼类和哺乳类分离的IL-8有不同程度的同源性,与硬骨鱼黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)和牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)的进化关系最近,其次为软骨鱼类,与无颌类和哺乳类的分化较大;而哺乳类的ELR结构可能为IL-8在进化过程中特化而成的结构,以加强IL-8特异性的趋化能力。