食品供应链企业社会责任管理分析

从食品供应链的角度探讨企业社会责任管理问题。分析了食品企业社会责任的特征和食品供应链企业社会责任的内涵。在食品供应链社会责任表现上,供应链社会责任利益共享,风险共担,但食品供应链企业社会责任界定不清,各主体缺少从整体角度考虑供应链企业社会责任问题,供应链下企业的地位和社会责任水平不同。在食品供应链环境下,企业应积极主动管理供应链社会责任,采取协同、共生的策略、风险规避策略、核心企业驱动策略和信息共享策略。食品供应链的所有成员应积极主动履行各自的供应链企业社会责任规范,不断提高整条供应链的企业社会责任水平。食品供应链中的主导企业应该从全产业链可持续发展的战略高度做好企业社会责任规划,不断规范、引导、帮助食品供应链各成员应履行的企业社会责任,驱动供应链企业社会责任的管理和发展。     

南北主食差异对家庭食物浪费碳足迹的影响——来自CHNS的经验证据

减少食物浪费是保障粮食安全、缓解全球气候变暖的重要举措。基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)和中国食品生命周期评估数据库(CFLCAD),从南北主食差异这一视角出发,基于生命周期理论分析中国居民家庭的食物浪费碳足迹。研究发现,中国居民家庭人均日食物浪费碳足迹为62.255 g CO²eq。相比以小麦为主食的北方家庭(人均食物浪费碳足迹为53.704 g CO²eq/d),以大米为主食的南方家庭有着更高的人均食物浪费碳足迹(69.628 g CO²eq/d)。此外,显著影响家庭食物浪费碳足迹的还有户主年龄、主要女性成员年龄、主要女性成员受教育年限、家庭人口规模与结构、收入水平、储藏条件和膳食知识、家庭类型等变量。     

Retail relations: an interlocking directorate analysis of food retailing corporations in the United States

The US food retailing industry continues to concentrate and consolidate. Power in the agriculture, food, and nutrition system has shifted from producers to processors, and is now shifting to retailers. Currently, only eight food-retailing corporations control the majority of food sales in the United States. Expanding on previous research by Lyson and Raymer (2000, Agriculture and Human Values 17: 199–208), this paper examines the characteristics of the boards of directors of the leading food retailing corporations and the indirect interlocks that bind the food retailers into a corporate community. Rachel Schwartz is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Development Sociology at Cornell University. Her research interests are focused on the relationship between food retailers and food consumers in the United States, especially in regards to the construction of the concept of “choice.” Thomas Lyson was Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor in the Department of Development Sociology at Cornell University. His interests included the relationship of agriculture and food systems on community economic development and population health. His most recent book, Civic Agriculture, developed a problem-solving model for food and agriculture issues. Dr. Lyson passed away in December 2006.     

The impact of migration on the food consumption and nutrition of left-behind family members: Evidence from a minority mountainous region of southwestern China

While migration is widely recognized as a valid option for improving farmers' income, the welfare effects of migration on left-behind family members are ambiguous. This study examines the impacts of migration on left-behind family members' food consumption and nutrient intake, particularly in remote rural areas in China. Based on household survey data collected from 611 smallholder rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern China, the empirical results suggest that the migration of family members contributes to improving household net income, whereas it negatively affects left-behind family members' consumption of grain and pork. Migration also leads to a decrease in left-behind family members' nutrient intake. Surprisingly, the economic returns of farmers' migration not only do not foster the transformation of household food consumption from a staple food-dominated dietary structure to one including more meat and dairy products but also reduce left-behind family members' nutrient intake. This study adds to the literature on the impact of farmers' migration. The findings have important implications for better understanding the impacts of migration on farmers' livelihood and human capital development in rural China.     

Food assistance through “surplus” food: Insights from an ethnographic study of food bank work

In Canada, food assistance is provided through a widespread network of extra-governmental, community-based, charitable programs, popularly termed food banks. Most of the food they distribute has been donated by food producers, processors, and retailers or collected through appeals to the public. Some industry donations are of market quality, but many donations are surplus food that cannot be retailed. Drawing on insights from an ethnographic study of food bank work in southern Ontario, we examined how the structure and function of food banks operate to facilitate the distribution of foods not marketed through the retail system. Our findings indicate that the handling of industry donations of unsaleable products is a labor-intensive activity, made possible by the surfeit of unpaid labor in food banks, the neediness of food bank clients, and clients lack of rights in this system. The marshalling of volunteer labor to serve a corporate need might be construed as a win-win situation because the work of salvaging edible foodstuffs from among industry surplus helps to feed the hungry while also diminishing the amount of refuse deposited in landfill sites, sparing corporations disposal costs and landfill tipping fees, and helping them forge an image of good corporate citizenship. However, the reliance of food banks on industry donations means that food assistance becomes defined as that which the corporate sector cannot retail. Moreover, the intertwining of food bank work with corporate needs may function to further entrench this ad hoc secondary food system and mitigate against initiatives to develop more effective responses to problems of hunger and food insecurity in our communities.     

绿色食品形象识别系统设计与管理研究

该文分析了绿色食品形象识别设计与管理的要素和必要性,并结合当前绿色食品品牌建设的新形势和发展阶段,提出了绿色食品形象识别系统设计与管理的实施战略,以促进绿色食品事业形象的整体提升。     

食品产业高质量发展研究——来自江西的实践

食品工业是国民经济的重要支柱产业,食品产业高质量发展不仅事关全民福祉,也有利于培育经济增长新动能和助力经济社会高质量发展。本文以江西省为例,采用质性研究方法,分析当前食品产业的现实基础和存在问题,探索食品产业高质量发展的实施路径和支持政策。研究表明,近年来食品产业的发展规模得到显著提升,食品安全法律法规体系和监管制度在逐渐完善,市场监管力度和技术创新实力在不断加强,绿色产业链条在不断健全。但仍存在食品产业链条不强、食品出口竞争力不强、食品安全监管有待提升等问题。为促进食品产业高质量发展,提出了优化食品产业结构布局、加强食品产业科技创新、提升食品产业品牌价值、推动食品产业的绿色可持续、加强食品产业人才培养与引进的实施路径。同时,需要给予更多政策去引导食品企业明确品牌定位,鼓励开拓国内外市场;完善市场投融资机制,助力食品企业提质发展;完善食品监管体系建设,建立食品安全全过程追溯机制;制定和推行绿色生产标准体系,提高产品市场竞争力和消费者认可度。     

黑龙江省有机农业发展优势及策略分析

论述了发展有机农业和开发有机食品的战略意义,分析了黑龙江省发展有机农业的优势和存在的问题,并对其发展提出了对策建议,即加强示范区建设、壮大"龙头"企业、培育知名品牌、进一步扩大国内外市场占有率、提高质量安全意识、切实抓好监管和加大扶持力度.     

食品供应链中产品安全投入的博弈分析

【目的】从产品安全投入的角度,对食品供应链中的安全问题进行分析,为相关企业的产品安全投入决策提供参考。【方法】根据博弈论、信息经济学的理论与方法,通过对食品供应链中企业的安全投入与收益间关系的分析,在恰当假设与简化的基础上,构建供应链中企业基于产品安全投入的非合作博弈模型、合作博弈模型与不完全信息博弈模型,对不同情况下企业的投入决策进行了分析。【结果】利用构建的博弈模型,求出了非合作与合作两种情况下的均衡解及相关的比较结果,结合不完全信息这一事实,给出了供应链中企业产品安全投入的算式。【结论】出于自身利益考虑,在非合作状态下,供应商和制造商也会进行安全投入,但由于社会虚度效应的存在,双方在非合作时的安全投入均低于合作时的安全投入。在更为符合实际情况的Bayesian均衡状态下,双方的安全投入水平与对方的合作概率成正比。     

绿色消费行为分析与绿色营销策略研究

长株潭城市群"两型"社会建设的不断推进以及打造"绿色湖南"给绿色食品营销提出了新的要求。随着绿色消费浪潮的兴起与绿色壁垒的设置,发展绿色食品产业、实施绿色营销成为了绿色食品企业必然选择。绿色食品的消费行为受消费者个人、社会文化、参考群体、企业营销等多重因素影响。文章立足于对消费者行为的分析,提出相应的绿色食品营销策略。     

甲壳类食品过敏原研究及其在出入境检验检疫中的地位

食品过敏是人们对食品产生的一种变态反应,在临床上表现为荨麻疹、哮喘、腹痛和腹泻等多种症状,严重的可导致休克。随着社会的发展和人们饮食结构的变化,食品过敏发病率日益增高,给人们的生命健康造成了巨大威胁。目前,食品过敏已成为世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)关注的重大卫生学问题。随着发达国家对食品标签的要求越来越严格,食品标签已成为设置国际技术壁垒的重要手段以及设立技术壁垒的新区域。在FAO提出的八大类引起过敏的食物之中,虾与蟹等甲壳类动物及其制品是重要的一类,因此研究甲壳类过敏原具有重要的现实意义,应引起出入境检验检疫部门的高度重视。     

小麦品种籽粒品质与食品品质关系的研究

以陕西关中地区 16个小麦品种 (品系 )为材料 ,系统分析了小麦品种籽粒品质性状与面包、面条、馒头 3种面制食品品质的关系。结果表明 ,蛋白质品质、粉质参数、拉伸参数与食品品质关系密切 ,籽粒品质与其相关程度较低 ;蛋白质品质对面包品质、面条蒸煮品质有显著正影响 ,对馒头品质影响不显著 ;粉质参数、拉伸参数中与面包品质呈正相关的性状 ,对煮熟面条表观状态、馒头外观形状有不利影响 ,但对其弹韧性有正效应     

Mental accounting and consumption of self-produced food

This is an exploratory study on mental accounting and food budgeting of agricultural households, in which we assumed that agricultural households may have a mental account for consumption of their self-produced food. Accordingly, they may reserve a certain quantity of self-produced food as a set budget for own consumption, implying that they may keep on consuming their own produce until they have consumed the quantity set for the mental budget. By making the mental accounting assumption, we hypothesized that the consumption of self-produced food is independent of market price. Also, we hypothesized that the consumption of self-produced food is increasing in the quantity of production if production is lower than the set budget, and independent of the quantity of production if production exceeds the set budget. By applying a double-log demand model and using survey data from six poor rural counties in China, we tested these hypotheses for five food items, which are rice, flour, potatoes, pork, and eggs. We found that the hypothesis of no significant effect of price holds for flour, potatoes, and pork if production is lower than the set budget, and for rice, pork, and eggs if production is higher than the set budget. Production has a significant positive effect on consumption of selfproduced food but with a much greater influence when production is lower than the set budget for all five food items. These findings partly support our assumption of mental accounting of self-produced food. Limitations, policy implications, and possible future studies are discussed.     

美国食品上市公司召回启动时间影响因素的实证分析

为探究食品召回启动时间的多重影响因素问题,以1994—2017年美国食品上市公司发生的召回事件为研究样本,构建多元线性回归模型,实证分析食品召回启动时间的影响因素。结果表明:召回启动时间的主要影响因素有召回量、分销范围和召回原因(细菌感染和外来物质污染);召回量对召回启动时间具有显著的正向影响;分销范围越小,召回启动时间越短;召回原因为细菌感染或外来物质污染时,召回启动时间相对更短;召回主体对召回启动时间没有表现出显著影响。本研究为完善我国食品召回体系,从公司、供应链和政府层面提出强化食品HACCP认证、完善食品安全溯源监管系统、建立专项储备基金制度等对策建议。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Still</Emphasis> a time to act: A review of institutional marketing of regionally-grown food

Regional institutional marketing supports sustainable farming by bringing wholesome, nutritious food to members of the community. Schools, in particular, can benefit greatly from this arrangement in comprehensive efforts to address childhood obesity. Nineteen previous publications examined issues around supply of and/or demand for regional food procurement by institutions across the United States, including levels of interest, perceived benefits, and barriers to this arrangement. Food service directors, farmers, and/or distributors participated in surveys, interviews, workshops/forums, case studies, and one evaluation about regional food procurement. Accounts of seven farmer cooperatives or networks indicate that institutional customers are more often restaurants (n = 5), health care facilities (n = 2), colleges/universities (n = 2), and other facilities (n = 2), than public schools (n = 1) or food retailers (n = 1). The studies agree that the main benefits offered by regional food procurement are support of the local economy and increased access to fresh and nutritious food. Barriers consistently faced by food services and farmers have to do with lack of infrastructure and financial support for processing and central distribution. Though obstacles vary by district and/or geographic characteristics, results indicate that across groups there is a clear need for better support mechanisms by which farms can connect with regional markets. The practice of farm-to-institution marketing holds the potential to improve nutritional status of community members and financial stability of farmers, though institutional support is needed for systemic transition to this purchasing method.

Global challenges of food safety for China

Ever since the Melamine event, China has faced challenges of food safety both domestically and globally. With the economic development, the Chinese consumers are demanding high quality, nutritious, and safe foods from the food industry but are not willing to pay higher prices. The Chinese food chain system of mostly small and medium enterprises presents challenges to the government to monitor and implement food safety laws and regulations. The academia and media are learning to take on their responsibilities with some success. Discussions and potential solutions of the global challenges of the five pillars for the food safety in China are presented here.     

Capturing the Sustainability Agenda: Organic Foods and Media Discourses on Food Scares, Environment, Genetic Engineering, and Health

This paper undertakes a content analysis of newspaper articles from Australia, the UK, and the US concerned with a variety of issues relevant to sustainable food and agriculture from 1996 to 2002. It then goes on to identify the various ways in which sustainability, organic food and agriculture, genetic engineering, genetically modified foods, and food safety are framed both in their own terms and in relation to each other. It finds that despite the many competing approaches to sustainability found in scientific and agricultural production discourses, media discourses tend to reduce this complexity to a straightforward conflict between organic and conventional foods. Despite regular reporting of viewpoints highly critical of organic food and agriculture, this binary opposition produces discourses in which organic foods are seen as more-or-less synonymous with safety, naturalness and nutrition, and their alternatives as artificial, threatening, and untrustworthy. Particularly controversial food-related issues such as genetic engineering, food scares, chemical residues, and regulatory failure are treated as part of the same problem to which organic food offers a trustworthy and easily understood solution. Stewart Lockie is Associate Professor of Rural and Environmental Sociology and Associate Dean (Research) in the Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Health at Central Queensland University. His main research interests lie in the greening of food and agriculture, food commodity networks, and natural resource management. Recent co-edited books include Rurality Bites: The Social and Environmental Transformation of Rural Australia and Consuming Foods, Sustaining Environments.     

Advancing the human right to food in Canada: Social policy and the politics of hunger, welfare, and food security

This article argues that hunger in Canada, while being an outcome of unemployment, low incomes, and inadequate welfare, springs also from the failure to recognize and implement the human right to food. Food security has, however, largely been ignored by progressive social policy analysis. Barriers standing in the way of achieving food security include the increasing commodification of welfare and the corporatization of food, the depoliticization of hunger by governments and the voluntary sector, and, most particularly, the neglect by the federal and provincial governments of their obligations to guarantee the domestic right to food as expressed in international human rights law. The interconnectedness of hunger, welfare, and food security issues in a first world society are explored from the perspective of progressive social policy and food security analysis and the development of alternative strategies. In terms of advancing the human right to food in Canada, particular emphasis is placed on the role of the state and civil society, and the social and economic rights of citizenship built on an inclusive social policy analysis and politics of welfare, food security and human rights.     

构筑北京郊区有机农业体系为奥运服务

2008年奥运会将在北京举行,北京向世界庄严承诺:要将第29届奥运会办成奥运史上最成功的一届奥运会。2008年奥运会期间,粗略估计,1个月里将有几十万外国宾客涌入北京,他们饮食是个大问题。北京农业科技也做出承诺:到2008年,北京郊区所有食用农产品将基本上达到有机食品的标准,奥运会期间,不管运动员有什么样的饮食习惯,都能吃上安全优质的食品。如何保障有机食品的质量成为北京郊区首先要解决的问题,针对这一问题北京郊区农业应从以下几个方面入手:建立有机食品生产基地、开发有机食品新品种,丰富有机食品市场、减少化肥用量、减少化学农药使用量、加强信息技术的应用,建立健全动植物疫病(虫、草)监测预警系统加强其防治技术的研究与开发、加强食品与饲料的安全性检测、农业废弃物的处理与资源化、发展北京郊区观光农业,吸引奥运观众和游客。