生物炭对土壤N2O和CH4排放影响的研究进展

为了探讨生物炭对土壤N2O和CH4排放影响的途径和机理,在综合评述前人研究的基础上,就生物炭对土壤N2O和CH4排放的影响因素、途径和影响机理进行了分析,提出了不同土壤的生物炭施用原则,并指出了今后生物炭研究应注意的问题:(1)明确土壤中2种温室气体排放特点,园地制宜地选择合适的生物炭类型;(2)注意生物炭的添加时机和用量;(3)目前学者所用的生物炭类型以及土壤种类不同,关于生物炭影响土壤N2O和CH4排放的研究结论不同.在这方面的研究工作还应在完善生物炭施用标准的基础上,继续进行生物炭还田的本地化试验验证,才能为生物炭对土壤N2O和CH4排放的影响得出更明确的结论.     

Effects of Nd on microstructure and corrosion behavior of AJ61 magnesium alloy

AJ61-xNd magnesium alloys are prepared in vacuum furnace under the protection of argon atmosphere and the effect of Nd content on microstructure of the test alloy is studied. The corrosion behavior of AJ61-xNd alloys in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution is investigated by static weight-loss test and polarization curve measurement. The results indicate that with the addition of Nd, binary Al2Nd phase and Al3Nd phase are formed in the alloy, meanwhile, grain sizes are greatly reduced with the addition of Nd and the refinement effect on the test alloy is the best when the mass fraction of Nd is 0.5%. It is found that due to the addition of Nd, the corrosion rate and corrosion current of AJ61 magnesium alloy can be significantly reduced, the equilibrium potential and corrosion potential of the test alloy can be enhanced substantially. The corrosion resistance of AJ61 magnesium alloys is improved a lot with the Nd addition. The AJ61-0.5Nd magnesium alloy has the best corrosion resistance behavior.     

Meso-scale numerical investigation on the crack process of concrete cover induced by rebar non-uniform corrosion

Concrete cover cracking induced by corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major influencing factor for durability and serviceability of reinforced concrete structures. In order to investigate the cracking process of concrete cover induced by rebar corrosion, the heterogeneity of concrete meso-structure and non-uniformity of rebar corrosion are accounted for. The undamaged concrete is assumed to be a three-phase composite material composed of aggregate, mortar matrix and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). And a concrete random aggregate structure is established for the study on the mechanical behavior of the non-uniform radial corrosion expansion. In the present simulations, non-uniform radial displacement is adopted to simulate the non-uniform corrosion of the rebar; the plasticity damaged model is used to describe the mechanical behavior of the mortar matrix and the ITZ, and the aggregate is assumed to be elastic. The cracking of concrete cover due to the non-uniform corrosion of the middle located rebar is numerically simulated. The comparison of the analysis and the test result on failure pattern of cover concrete shows fairly good agreement. And then the failure patterns under uniform corrosion and non-uniform corrosion obtained from the macro-scale homogeneous model and the meso-scale heterogeneous model are compared. Furthermore, the influences of concrete cover thickness and rebar diameter on the failure pattern of concrete cover, the expansive pressure and the corrosion rate of the rebar when cover concrete cracks are investigated.     

钢筋非均匀锈蚀引起混凝土保护层内裂分析

根据自然环境下保护层锈胀开裂前的钢筋锈蚀形态,将锈蚀层简化为半椭圆状的非均匀分布,从而建立了钢筋非均匀锈蚀理论模型。经过求解得到了混凝土中锈胀应力理论解,并与有限元计算结果对比,验证了理论解的精确性。根据理论解可知最大周向应力在水平轴上,因此锈蚀层的发展会首先引起保护层内部水平裂纹的产生。增加钢筋直径可有效减低锈胀应力,提高结构抗锈裂的能力。与均匀锈蚀理论模型对比结果表明：均匀锈蚀要远小于非均匀锈蚀条件下的临界锈蚀层厚度,均匀锈蚀的计算结果偏于保守。因此,对锈胀问题进行理论分析时,应采用更接近真实锈蚀形态的非均匀锈蚀模型。     

利用硫酸铜液诊断母牛早期妊娠技术初探

采用3%和5%硫酸铜液对57头黑白花母牛进行早期妊娠诊断,然后通过直肠检查技术进行确诊。结果表明,3%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为87.14%,5%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为84.80%,两组均以配种后31~50d中午乳样检出准确率最高,平均阳性率为90.35%。5%硫酸铜液乳检的阳性符合率较3%硫酸铜液稍低,即造成误诊空怀率稍高,实际应用中以3%硫酸铜液进行母牛早期妊娠诊断,其准确率较高。     

利用硫酸铜液早期妊娠诊断母牛技术的研究

采用3%和5%硫酸铜液对57头黑白花母牛进行早期妊娠诊断,然后通过直肠检查技术进行确诊。结果表明,3%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为87.14%,5%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为84.80%,两组均以配种后31~50d中午乳样检出准确率最高,平均阳性率为90.35%。5%硫酸铜液乳检的阳性符合率较3%硫酸铜液稍低,即造成误诊空怀率稍高,实际应用中以3%硫酸铜液进行母牛早期妊娠诊断,其准确率较高。     

FOC4的2个过氧化氢酶基因的克隆与表达分析

为探讨香蕉枯萎病菌与寄主互作过程中过氧化氢酶的作用,分别利用硫酸钛法和羟胺氧化法测定了尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种(FOC4)侵染香蕉苗根部后H2O2及超氧阴离子(O2?–)的含量变化;同时,借助Genbank中香蕉枯萎病病原菌Fo5176菌株基因组信息,采用RT-PCR方法克隆获得了FOC4的2个过氧化氢酶基因cDNA序列并对其进行了生物信息学分析以及在外源H2O2和普通巴西蕉苗诱导下的不同阶段表达模式分析。结果表明,FOC4的侵染能引起香蕉苗根部H2O2及超氧阴离子的含量增加,香蕉苗根部存在活性氧迸发;2个过氧化氢酶中,一个为孢子特异的过氧化氢酶,另一个为细胞质特异的过氧化氢酶;在香蕉苗及外源H2O2诱导下,2个过氧化氢酶表达均有上调,其中Foc4 CatalaseA可能是消除强氧化胁迫环境起主要作用的过氧化氢酶之一。     

Study on high and steep slope stability Based on 3D laser scanning

Dangerous mountain construction projects block of high and steep slope stability is the important issue of security and disaster prevention, investigation on the surface of the dangerous mountain high and steep slope rock mass structure is the key to the analysis of the problem. The high slope of a major project of the Lancang River, the application of 3D laser scanning technique to study the long-distance survey analysis of rock mass structure analysis method to analyze the distribution of the surface space of the high and steep slope rock mass structure, statistical analysis direction of the advantages of the structure surface and the distribution of rock blocks, as the basis for the application of limit equilibrium analysis method to study the stability of rock blocks of the high and steep slope.     

天然沸石与几种改性沸石对NH4+吸附解吸特性的研究

采用室内分析的方法,研究天然沸石及改性沸石对NH4+的吸附解吸特性。结果表明,K-沸石、Ca-沸石、Mg-沸石和Ba-沸石对NH4+吸附量及解吸量均比天然沸石高,其中K-沸石最高,其它三者相近。H-沸石与天然沸石相比,在低浓度时比天然沸石的吸附（解吸）量高,但是在高浓度时吸附（解吸）量则降低。改性沸石与天然沸石相比,不仅提高了NH4+的吸附,同时还促进了NH4+的解吸,说明K-沸石、Ca-沸石、Mg-沸石和Ba-沸石,既具有较强的保氮能力,又具有较高的氮素供给能力,在生产实践中有着广阔的应用前景。