红层泥岩桩岩接触面本构模型试验及数值模拟

桩-岩（土）接触面力学特性的研究是桩基承载机理研究的基础。通过红层泥岩桩岩接触面大型直剪试验,研究了红层泥岩桩岩接触面的力学特性,结果表明：接触面剪应力先随剪切位移增大而增大,在达到峰值后,剪应力随着剪切位移增大而降低,并最终趋于稳定值,应力应变曲线呈现出应变软化的特征。根据剪切试验结果,推导出桩岩接触面应变软化本构方程。利用fish语言对FLAC^3D中自带的理想弹塑性接触单元进行二次开发,并应用开发的模型对桩岩接触面直剪试验进行了数值模拟,分析剪应力与剪切位移之间的关系,证明了该本构能够较好地模拟接触面间的应变软化特性。     

含水率和颗粒级配对稍密碎石土抗剪性能及地基承载力的影响

碎石土因特殊的工程特性而被科研人员关注,但对大粒径、粉质粘土填充、稍密状态下碎石土的力学性能涉足较少。根据该类型碎石土特点及大量勘察结果配置出两种比较典型级配的稍密碎石土,通过大型直剪试验仪测定了不同含水率状态下碎石土试样的抗剪强度,绘制剪应力与水平位移的关系图,通过一元回归得出稍密碎石的抗剪强度指标c、φ值,分析了不同含水率、不同级配对稍密碎石土抗剪性能的影响。结果表明：随着含水率的增大,碎石土粘聚力总体呈减小趋势,但变化趋势具有显著的阶段性且和粉质粘土的含量有关,含水率变化对碎石土内摩擦角的影响较小。用规范推荐方法计算了该类型碎石土地基承载力,并与地方规范经验取值和勘察工程实践取值进行了对比,结果表明：含水率对地基承载力影响较大,且与碎石土填充物的粉质粘土含量有关,粉质粘土含量越高,承载力影响越大。     

新疆西域砾岩抗剪强度现场直剪试验研究

西域砾岩物质成分复杂、胶结差、强度低、易风化。为了研究西域砾岩的力学特性,为天山经济带内相关工程的开发建设与地质环境防灾减灾提供支撑,本文以奎屯河右岸山前西域砾岩为研究对象,开展现场直剪试验,根据试验结果可得：西域砾岩抗剪强度参数内摩擦角范围值在25.2°～37.3°,粘聚力0.48～1.45 MPa;西域砾岩抗剪强度由砾石颗粒间的摩擦力以及由胶结物和水膜的分子引力所产生的粘聚力共同组成,西域砾岩高程越低埋深越大,胶结程度越好,粘聚力越高;西域砾岩直剪破坏的破坏面呈凹陷状,起伏差为±4 cm,破坏为颗粒间绕粒破坏,基本无巨粒颗粒的剪断。     

异位发酵床垫料的直剪切及压缩试验研究

为研究不同含水率的条件下异位发酵床垫料:抗剪强度、黏聚力、内摩擦系数、压缩载荷的变化规律.本研究采用土壤力学试验方法,测定垫料五种不同含水率的相关参数.结果表明:当垫料含水率为29.22％～36.13％时,抗剪强度、内摩擦角系数会随着含水率的增大而增大;当含水率为45.55％～61.11％时,抗剪强度、内摩擦角系数会随...     

河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土剪切流变特性及模型

利用剪切流变试验对以水泥为固化剂的河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土的流变特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,经固化处理的河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土在荷载作用下具有类似于硬粘性土的流变特征。剪切流变可以分为3个阶段：在剪应力水平较低时,剪切流变曲线呈衰减稳定型;随着剪应力水平的提高,剪切流变曲线呈非稳定的等速型;当剪应力水平增大到一定程度时,剪切流变曲线呈加速型。河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土的流变性随着混合轻质土强度的提高而降低。根据试验所呈现的剪切流变规律,可以发现河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土的剪切流变符合七元件黏弹塑性剪切流变模型,模型能够比较好地描述河道淤泥混合轻质土在各种剪应力水平下的衰减、等速以及加速流变过程。     

页岩烧结保温砌块砌体基本力学性能试验研究

通过对页岩烧结保温砌块砌体轴心抗压、沿通缝抗剪、剪压复合抗剪性能试验研究,分析其破坏特征和破坏机理。试验结果表明:页岩烧结保温砌块砌体受压破坏时,在竖向灰缝附近形成主裂缝,接近极限荷载时砌体出现表皮剥落现象;沿通缝抗剪破坏模式主要为单剪破坏,脆性明显;剪压破坏有剪磨、剪压和斜压3种类型;实测轴心抗压强度平均值高于规范值,沿通缝抗剪强度、复合抗剪强度平均值低于计算值,并分别给出砌体轴心抗压强度平均值、抗剪、剪压复合受力抗剪强度平均值建议公式;剪压复合抗剪强度随着压应力的增大而增大;建立了页岩烧结保温砌块砌体受压应力应变关系表达式;给出该类砌块的弹性模量和泊松比的建议值。     

钢筋混凝土无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏机理模型研究综述

根据现有关于钢筋混凝土无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏机理问题的研究成果,介绍了基于修正压力场理论的抗剪模型、临界剪切裂缝理论、塑性理论、压力路径理论、劈裂破坏理论和基于截面应变分析的抗剪模型的基本假设、核心观点及受剪承载力计算方法,并给出总结、归纳及评析;另一方面,利用相关试验数据和ACI-DAfStb无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏数据库,分别对不同理论模型的受剪承载力计算公式进行了设计参数的影响评估和统计评估;并展望了无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏机理研究的发展方向。研究结果表明：不同理论模型的部分假设缺少直接的试验依据支持,梁腹混凝土的受拉（劈裂）或受剪（骨料咬合）以及受压区混凝土对抵抗剪力的贡献成为抗剪机制的主要分歧;不同受剪承载力计算公式对不同影响因素的考虑方式的合理性和计算结果的准确度均有待进一步提高。后续深入研究应综合考虑剪切破坏问题的随机性和物理属性,利用先进测试技术、应力演化分析方法,进一步揭示剪切破坏机理。     

采用块体-界面体系的砌体结构简化细观模型

基于ABAQUS装配式建模构架,提出了一种砌体结构的简化细观模型。该建模方法将块体砂浆界面及砂浆层统一采用块体间的界面来代替。界面属性包括法向和切向的力学参数,用来模拟砌体的剪压及受拉行为。界面的法向受拉采用粘性力学参数赋值,并通过与轴心受拉本构模型的等效,推导得出控制界面损伤演化速率的无量纲指数α的计算方程。剪压复合受力模型基于剪摩理论建立,通过粘性属性和库伦摩擦赋值。当剪压复合受力构件处于高轴压比时,通过块体的非线性属性实现了主压应力为主控的损伤阀值。按照该方法进行剪压相关性和砖墙剪切失效的试验仿真模拟,模拟得出的失效形态及力-位移曲线与试验结果基本相符。     

固化疏浚淤泥作路基材料工程特性试验研究

为了探讨粉煤灰和工业矿粉固化疏浚淤泥作路基材料的可行性,通过一系列室内实验研究了不同固化剂配比对固化淤泥击实特性、水稳定性、承载力和抗剪强度的影响。实验结果表明,不同固化剂配比下固化淤泥的最大干密度均超过1.50 g/cm³,最优含水率约为20~21%;淤泥固化处理后浸水4 d的膨胀率均不超过1.1%,水稳性大幅提升;矿粉含量越高,粉煤灰含量越低,CBR（California Bearing Ratio）值越高,土样的承载力越高,抗剪强度也越高。不同工况浸水4 d的CBR值均达到了较高的水平,工况SD10FA20MP（淤泥：粉煤灰：矿粉=7：1：2）CBR值最高,达到了34.8%,是规范中高速、一级公路路基填料要求最低CBR值的4.35倍,作路基填料使用可行。     

原状黄土冻融过程抗剪强度劣化机理试验分析

通过对西安Q₃原状黄土在封闭系统冻融作用下的电镜扫描和直剪试验,研究了冻融作用对原状黄土微观结构和强度的影响。试验表明：冻融过程中原状黄土微观结构发生显著变化,大颗粒集粒数量明显减少,小粒径土颗粒所占比重增加,孔隙面积比增加。进一步基于损伤力学理论,得到微观结构冻融损伤度随冻融次数增加呈指数增加趋势,反映出冻融作用一定程度上破坏黄土体的结构强度,但多次冻融后黄土体结构强度趋于稳定的残余强度。冻融过程土样表面结构发生破坏,且含水率越高,土体表面特征破坏越严重。粘聚力随冻融次数增加呈指数衰减趋势,且含水率越高,粘聚力衰减幅值和速率越小;粘聚力随含水率增加表现出线性衰减特征,且冻融后粘聚力与含水率的变化规律近似重合;内摩擦角无明显规律性变化。粘聚强度冻融损伤系数随冻融次数增加呈指数增加趋势,随含水率升高有增大趋势。基于试验数据规律性,进一步提出了原状黄土粘聚强度劣化模型,该模型经试验验证可较好描述原状黄土粘聚强度劣化规律。     

Experimental Analysis of the Water Weaken Effect on Gravel Soil Roadbed Locating in the Reservoir Region with Different Compactedness

It is vital to get the accurate data of the shear strength parameters of gravel soil with different water content and compactedness before they conduct the stability analysis for gravel soil roadbed. Under several test conditions, a series of direct shear tests were performed by using some gravel soil samples obtained from a selected roadbed which is under the influence of water level fluctuation. The corresponding results show that the gravel soil cohesion increased as the water content of fine soil increases till it meets its peak value, then it will decrease as the water content keeps increase. However, the internal friction angle will decrease slowly with the increase of water content of fine soil in the initial phase, and then it will decrease rapidly as the water content keeps increase. And on the other hand, the fitted shear strength parameters calculated from the test data has been influenced by the pre-load values that used to prepare soil samples, especially for the condition that the pre-load value less than the normal stress value applied in the direct shear test. All in all, the fitted shear parameters will be controlled by the relationship among water content, pre-load value and normal stress.     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Rupture of Rock Bridge with Non-Coplanar Intermittent Joints Under Direct Shear

By using servo control shear loading system, specimens with non-coplanar rock-like intermittent joints were tested by the way of forward and reverse direct shear, rupture mechanism and shearing law for rock bridge with non-coplanar intermittent joints were studied under direct shear. The experimental studies showed that five apparent stages are presented in the process of rock bridge rupture under direct shear, which are linear elastic stage, initiation and extension of crack, fracture and transfixion of rock bridge, climbing and occlusion of shear plane and residual friction. Rock bridge presented profile fracture plane under forward direct shear. While under reverse direct shear, band form fracture plane is showed which penetrated along with the direction of forward shear, and the shear strength of initiation and peak shear strength under reverse direct shear are bigger than that under forward shear. Crack angle, normal stress and lap proportion among adjacent joint are the main factors that influence the initiation strength and peak shear strength. The FLAC 3D simulation for the process of non-coplanar intermittent joints rock bridge rupture and formation of shear rupture surface under forward and reverse direct shear was conducted. The results of numerical simulation agreed well with those of experiment. The simulation results revealed tension crack failure of non-coplanar intermittent joints rock bridge and shear yielding mechanism of fracture plane.     

Simple Shear Test of Interface between Sand and Structure under High Stress

By using a simple shear apparatus that is developed from RMT-150B,a series of simple shear tests of interface between saturated sand and structure under high normal stress were carried out to study constitutive law and shearing stiffness of interface to provide some theoretical evidences for design and calculation of projects concerned with mechanical problem of interface.In test,sand was consolidated in upper shearing box firstly,then,shear was started and testing data was recorded under high and constant normal stress.During the process,sand can deform relatively freely.It is shown that the relation curve between shear stress and shear displacement under high normal stress in simple shear tests is different from that in direct shear tests,and the complete shearing deformation process of interface under high stress can be described as a nonlinear elastic-perfect plastic form;Weibull distribution with three parameters can overcome the mathematical deficiencies of hyperbola in NEPP.The new model which is established by substituting Weibull distribution for the hyperbola of NEPP better agrees with the testing data.The regressive results of the initial shearing stiffness demonstrate that the linear function is slightly better than power function to express the relation between the initial shearing stiffness and normal stress.Based on the new interface model,the formula of tangential shearing stiffness is proposed,meantime,the change trend of tangential shearing stiffness of the new model is compared with that of NEPP.     

Study on mechanical behaviors of interface with cemented soil slurry between gravel and concrete by simple shear tests

The mechanical behaviors of the interface between coarse-grained soil and concrete are investigated by simple shear tests under conditions of cemented soil slurry (clay mixed with cement grout). The results show that the relation curve between shear stress and shear strain appears stress-strain softening and shear dilatation is significant. The point of peak strength and the position when the shear dilatation occurs are related to normal stress. In addition, shear dilatation occurs before the shear stress reaches peak value. In shear failure state, with the same height, the shear displacement increases as the normal stress increases. While with the same normal stress and at the same height, the shear displacement increases as the concrete content increases. A particle flow model of simple shear test between interface between coarse-grained soil and concrete is constructed by PFC (particle flow code). The disturbed height of the sample and the main influence factors are determined by analyzing the laws of particle motion at different heights inside the sample. The PFC results show disturbed height of the sample is related to maximum particle diameter of the soil, normal stress and roughness of the interface (with or without slurry) etc. In terms of the coarse-grained soil, the shear displacement is significant in the area which is close to the interface and about 3-4 times of the maximum particle diameter, and informed the obvious shear band. Further, the thickness of the interface can be regarded as the value.     

Experiment Study on Soil Properties of Shennv Stream Landslide in Wu Gorge

Accurate obtainting soil parameters of landslide is the key links for landslide stability evaluation and project management . This article takes Shennv Stream landslide in Chongqing Wushan County as an example, implementing unconsolidated and undrained shear test and mineral composition analysis by X ray diffraction for soil in different elevations of landslide ,conducting sensitivity test for various soil parameters of reservoir landslide change with different water level.Study shows that : Mineral composition of soil mainly contains Calcite, Quartz and clay mineral. Hydrophilic minerals in clay mineral have great effect on stability of landslide. Shear strength decreases by influence of water content on cohesion. Cohesion decreases sharply in a quadratic function relation with water content increasing .When water content comes to 18.21% ,change of cohesion tends to be stable.But the internal friction angle of landslide soil decreases linearly in small amplitude with an increase of water content. Research results may provide some important references for rationally choosing strength parameters of soil in similar landslide.     

土壤水分对植物根系固土力学性能的影响综述

为了分析土壤水分对植物根系固土力学性能的影响机制,揭示根系固土力学机理和科学防治土壤流失提供基础理论研究思路,本文分析了土壤含水量对根系分布、根系抗拉特性、根系-土壤相互作用、根系-土壤复合体抗剪特性和根系固土力学模型的影响,探讨了根系固土力学性能对土壤含水量的响应机理研究现状及发展趋势。认为根系形态与根系固土效果紧密相关,目前缺乏土壤水分对根系形态及根系固土力学特性的定量研究;对根系抗拉强度和拔出强度的影响因素等关注较多,但对土壤水分变化是否影响根系强度、根土界面摩擦和根系破坏模式研究非常少;土壤水分在植物固持水土的水文效应中研究较多,但其对根系固土力学性能的影响规律尚需进一步研究;评价根系固土力学性能的模型没有考虑或充分考虑土壤水分变化对固土效果的影响,且模型中各影响因素的相对重要性关系尚不清楚。分析结果深化了对降水影响覆盖植被边坡稳定性机理的理解,为深入研究土壤水分与根系固土力学机制相互作用提供了理论基础。     

Experimental Research on Municipal Solid Waste Landfill''s Strength Character in a Refuse Dump of Chongqing

With the development of economic and society,more and more waste landfill gradually threaten to the development of the city.Some special tests are done to study the relationship of the Municipal solid waste(MSW) strength and the stability of MSW landfill structure.A geo-technical test with the soil samples collected at the scene is done in the laboratory through direct sheared device and the thri-axial sheared device,the disciplinarian and factors are analyzed.The results are referenced to the design and construction of new-built MSW and finished rubbish field.It is shown that some parameters such as composition,particle magnitude,water content,compressing method,intensity and time,will greatly affect the strength character of MSW.