Flexural toughness of hybrid fiber reinforced shotcrete

为了研究混杂纤维喷射混凝土的弯曲韧性,采用不同掺量的钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混杂以及高炉微粉复合超叠加的方法制备600 mm×600 mm×100 mm混杂纤维喷射混凝土方板并置于刚性支撑架上,选用等位移控制对方板进行中心加载。通过生成的荷载挠度曲线及对其进行积分所得的能量吸收值综合评价各组方板的弯曲韧性,同时,通过破坏过程评价各板裂缝控制能力。试验结果表明：掺入1.2%钢纤维和0.11%聚丙烯纤维的喷射板试件的弯曲韧性优于掺入0.8%钢纤维和0.11%聚丙烯纤维的喷射板,其最大峰值荷载提高了18%,板中心挠度至25 mm时的能量吸收值也提高了25.6%;对于仅掺入0.8%单一钢纤维的板,混杂了0.11%聚丙烯纤维后,两种纤维间的正混杂效应使得板中心挠度至25 mm时的能量吸收值提高了28.5%;高炉微粉掺量的增加能提高混杂纤维喷射混凝土板的弯曲韧性;混杂纤维喷射混凝土板均展现出了良好的裂缝控制能力,板整体呈现裂而不断的延性破坏。     

页岩烧结保温砌块砌体基本力学性能试验研究

通过对页岩烧结保温砌块砌体轴心抗压、沿通缝抗剪、剪压复合抗剪性能试验研究,分析其破坏特征和破坏机理。试验结果表明:页岩烧结保温砌块砌体受压破坏时,在竖向灰缝附近形成主裂缝,接近极限荷载时砌体出现表皮剥落现象;沿通缝抗剪破坏模式主要为单剪破坏,脆性明显;剪压破坏有剪磨、剪压和斜压3种类型;实测轴心抗压强度平均值高于规范值,沿通缝抗剪强度、复合抗剪强度平均值低于计算值,并分别给出砌体轴心抗压强度平均值、抗剪、剪压复合受力抗剪强度平均值建议公式;剪压复合抗剪强度随着压应力的增大而增大;建立了页岩烧结保温砌块砌体受压应力应变关系表达式;给出该类砌块的弹性模量和泊松比的建议值。     

掺入工业废料的改性生土材料抗压试验

为合理利用废弃材料改善生土材料力学性能,通过在素土中掺入糯米浆、废玻璃渣和橡胶,形成改性土体材料,设计5种配合比方案,制作Φ102 mm×116 mm圆柱体试块。通过对其进行轴心抗压强度试验,对比不同配比试件的试验现象、抗压强度、变形能力、荷载位移曲线,分析不同掺合料的作用机理、研究不同掺料不同掺量对抗压强度的影响规律,提出了玻璃渣和橡胶掺量的合理范围。试验结果表明,在素土中掺入糯米浆能提高素土抗压强度,掺入糯米浆、玻璃渣和橡胶,可提高抗压强度和变形能力,但其抗压强度随玻璃渣和橡胶掺量的增多增至3.12 MPa后下降。     

ECC/钢筋混凝土叠合梁正截面受弯承载力试验与理论研究

为了探究ECC/高强钢筋混凝土叠合梁的正截面受弯特征,以及ECC层厚度对叠合梁整体受弯性能的影响,做了两组共5根梁试件的正截面受弯试验。发现与高强钢筋混凝土梁相比,叠合梁的承载力更高,相同荷载下的挠度值和最大裂缝宽度较小。在受弯全过程中其截面应变仍符合平截面假定,钢筋与ECC也可以实现协调变形,说明受拉区使用ECC可以使得高强钢筋的应力得到充分发挥。但ECC层厚度过大可能会使叠合梁发生脆性破坏。进一步地,在此研究的基础上,对已有ECC的本构模型进行简化,忽略其应力强化贡献,并运用叠加原理,提出一种用于计算ECC/钢筋混凝土叠合梁正截面受弯承载力的方法,将计算结果与试验结果及诸多文献结果进行比较,发现吻合度较高。     

酸雨环境下老旧砖砌体的抗压性能

为研究酸雨环境下老旧砌体抗压力学性能退化规律,实验室配置了PH值分别为1.5、2.5和3.5的3种硫酸和硝酸混合溶液来模拟酸雨环境,采用完全浸泡加速腐蚀的试验方法对砖、砂浆和砖柱进行不同程度的腐蚀,并测定其抗压强度。试验表明,随着腐蚀时间的增加,砂浆试块抗压强度先增大后降低;砖试块抗压强度随腐蚀时间的增加而降低;模拟酸雨溶液PH值越小,砂浆和砖试块抗压强度降低程度也愈大;砖柱极限承载力和弹性模量均随腐蚀时间的增加而降低,且模拟酸雨溶液PH值越小,降低程度愈大;随着腐蚀时间的增加,砖柱初始刚度逐渐减小,极限破坏位移增大;模拟酸雨溶液PH值越小,砖柱在达到峰值荷载时的变形值越小,脆性愈大;基于试验结果,建立了酸雨环境下砖柱应力应变曲线上升段统一数学表达式及酸雨侵蚀后普通烧结粘土砖砌体剩余抗压强度回归公式。     

多点锚固预应力CFRP带加固T梁的有限元分析

采用非线性有限元分析程序ABAQUS对无粘结体外预应力CFRP片材加固简支钢筋混凝土T形梁后进行数值模拟,该模拟梁共4根分别为3根梁侧对称加固,1根为梁底加固均为四点波形齿锚固预应力CFRP带。对比结果显示,数据模拟与试验结果在构件屈服以前的承载力、变形以及极限承载力吻合程度较好,构件屈服以后的变形差别较大,因此,可在一定程度上有效替代试验分析方法。依据吻合程度最好的TL3参数设计了“两点锚固”和“四点锚固”的模型进行模拟分析。通过对锚固点数及加固量改变的对比分析可知,依据加固构件的弯矩改变各段加固量及布置锚固点数的方法既可以保证加固效果不降低,又可以节约CFRP材料。     

PVA降解菌株的筛选鉴定及其固定化工艺研究

为了得到一株降解PVA的芽孢杆菌,并对其进行固定化研究。利用PVA碘-硼酸平板法初筛,降解率测定法进行复筛,并通过正交试验探索其固定化工艺。经初筛得到8株可降解PVA的细菌,复筛出1株具有较高降解率的菌株3-9,48 h降解率为86.56%。该菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis)。该菌株的最佳固定化条件为：4%海藻酸钠,3%CaC1₂,包埋0.1 g的湿菌体,钙化时间4 h。结果表明固定化后的PVA降解菌比游离菌的降解性能提高了14.02%。本研究得到了一株高效降解聚乙烯醇的枯草芽孢杆菌,并确定其最佳的固定化条件,为PVA污水处理提供了菌种资源和理论基础。     

运用星座图聚类分析法对茶树品种区域试验的定量化评价

介绍了星座图聚类分析应用于茶树品种区域试验定量化评价的方法,并对1997—2002年全国茶树品种区域试验河南点试验数据进行了星座图聚类分析,结果表明：其分析结果与常规分析方法基本一致,说明星座图聚类分析法应用于茶树品种区域试验中对试验结果作综合判定是可行的,而且可对茶树综合性状作出定量的评价分析,弥补了常规分析方法的单纯性。     

杂交棉纯度鉴定技术及其纯度控制效果研究

以抗草甘膦陆地棉突变体(R1098)为父本,通过广泛地测交筛选获得高优势的抗草甘膦杂交棉新组合———浙杂14。对河南、安徽和浙江三个制种点6批次的浙杂14杂交棉种子分别进行发芽试验和苗床试验,并用30mL·L1的草甘膦溶液进行纯度鉴定。苗期纯度鉴定结果表明,三个制种点6批次的浙杂14种子纯度分别为91.7%、92.4%、77.7%、81.6%、85.6%和86.6%,发芽试验鉴定的纯度结果略低于苗期鉴定,但趋势完全相同,因此这两种方法均可进行该杂交组合种子纯度鉴定。不同纯度杂交棉种子的生产试验结果表明,在一定范围内,杂交棉的皮棉产量与其种子纯度呈正相关,用草甘膦去除假杂种后,可显著增加皮棉产量,并对纤维长度、纤维整齐度和纤维比强度有明显改良作用。     

岩样单轴抗压强度区间估计分析

基于岩石单轴抗压强度为正态分布随机变量,利用数理统计理论对岩样单轴抗压强度置信区间、置信度等问题进行了系统的分析研究,整理并推导出了岩样单轴抗压强度"区间估计指标"的理论计算公式,并分析了岩样单轴抗压强度样本均值、样本标准差、总体均值置信区间、总体标准差置信区间等与岩样数量之间的关系,最后利用前人试验数据进行了验证应用与分析。结果表明:现有"单值点指标"方法给出的数据"信息不足",导致不同试验条件下得到的各组试验数据之间的横向比较的可靠性得不到保证,而"区间估计指标"可克服其不足,且在岩样数量较小时仍可使用,只是其置信度会较低(置信区间宽度会较大);当岩样数量较小时,样本标准差的波动性比样本均值的波动性约高一个数量级,样本标准差的随机性与离散性更大且达到收敛稳定所需的岩样数量也更大;岩样单轴抗压强度的"区间估计指标"置信区间、置信度等与岩样数量、岩样非均质性、岩样强度分布的随机性等有关。     

Mechanical Properties and Durability of Extruded Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortar Board and Its Composite Beam

The effect of water to cement ratio, fiber types and content, cement types on the bending performance of the extruded fiber reinforced cementitious board were studied. And it was found that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers can significantly improve the ductility of the board compared with polypropylene (PP) fibers. As PVA fiber content achieved 1.7%, the strain hardening and multiple cracking were occurred on the extruded board, while strain softening were shown on PP fiber reinforced cement board. The difference between the two kinds of board was from the differences of the mechanical properties of the two fibers. In addition, taking the fiber reinforced extruded board as base, the ultimate bending strength, as well as and the corresponded deflection and the resistant to chloride iron penetrating, was improved for a composite beam with fiber board and concrete compared with those of traditional concrete beam.     

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Test of Full-scale Bamboo Scrimber Flexural Components

The bending tests and theoretical analysis of five full-scale bamboo scrimber components were conducted and the flexural behavior of bamboo scrimber was researched in detail. Results show that the typical failure modes of bamboo scrimber flexural components are the bamboo fiber fracture at the bottom and interlaminar shear failure near the neutral axis. The sectional stiffness control the design for the bamboo scrimber flexural components, the ratio of PL/250 of the load corresponding to the deflection limit value of L/250 and ultimate load Pmax has good stability. The relationship model of bending tensile strength fm and elastic modulus E was established by regression, which shows that the sectional stiffness expressed by the elastic modulus could predict the bearing capacity well. The plane-section assumption is still valid. The bamboo calculation methods of scrimber flexural components were proposed considering the materials properties of bamboo scrimber based on wood structure design methods. The design value of bamboo bending strength, shear strength parallel to grain and the elastic modulus E were presented preliminarily.     

Calculation Method of Shear Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced High Performance Concrete Deep Beams

The static tests on hybrid fiber (steel fiber and polypropylene fiber) reinforced high performance concrete deep beams according to the orthogonal experimental design were conducted. The shear capacity and calculation method of deep beams were discussed as well. The contributory factors such as the characteristic parameters of steel fiber (types, volume fraction, aspect ratio), the volume fraction of polypropylene fiber, the ratio of web horizontal reinforcement and the ratio of web vertical reinforcement were analyzed. Results show that the shear failure mode of deep beams is changed with adding a reasonable volume of hybrid fibers, and hybrid fiber can greatly increase the diagonal cracking strength and shear strength of HPC deep beams. The diagonal cracking strength is increased by 45.2% averagely while the shear strength is increased by 25.6% averagely. A satisfied result is obtained when the plasticity theory is used to analyze shear behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced HPC deep beams. The contribution of web horizontal reinforcement and web vertical reinforcement to shear strength of deep beams is not obvious but the former plays a major role. After analyzing the strengthening mechanism of hybrid fiber, a formula to calculate the shear capacity of hybrid fiber reinforced HPC deep beams is presented based on spatial strut-and-tie mode and splitting failure.     

Design Method of Reinforced Concrete Sandwich Beam column Joints

The experimental results of reinforced concrete sandwich beam column joints were studied intensively and finite element method simulation of such joints were performed for the sake of design method.Basic design criterion and computation contents were provided according to failure mode of specimens and other experimental results.And the limits of parameters were proposed based on the analysis of seismic behavior influence factors and comparison of traditional joints and sandwich joints.Hence, formulas of load resistant capacity were acquired by the results of load resistant capacity of specimens and nonlinear finite element method simulation.It is found that three measures should be taken for sandwich joints in order to reach demanded ductility and load resistant capability.Firstly, several parameters should be limited, including shear compression ratio, axial load ratio, ratio of beam concrete strength to column concrete strength, and minimal amount of transverse reinforcement of joint.Secondly, shear load resistant capacity and axial compressive load resistant capacity should be computed to ensure load resistant capability of joint, and essential strengthen measures could be applied if necessary.Thirdly, appropriate construction details should be taken to avoid reducing of beam bar anchorage capacity.     

Analysis on Mechanical Behavior of Welding-Overlap Splices for Mid-Diameter Steel Bars

An improved splice method for mid-diameter steel bars (10-16mm) used in RC structures was developed, which can make the installation more easily and economic through the hybrid connection of welding and overlapping. In order to study the mechanical behavior of welding-overlap splices, a total of 138 steel bar splice tests were conducted, including both the steel-concrete interaction group and the lonely-steel group. Through the splice tensile experiment, the failure model and ultimate strength of the improved splice was summarized. Meanwhile, the failure mechanism was analyzed by the FEM analysis. The test results show that: hybrid connection of welding and overlapping is a simpler splice method which can realized the reliable splice in the RC structures, the ultimate load of the improved splice is sufficient for the application and the failure model is reasonable. Base on the test results, some suggestions for application were given. The economic analysis of a real application case is conducted, which shows a good prospect of proposed connection.     

Analysis of Fiber Renforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints Model

Due to the large stirrup ratio and reinforcement congest in beam-column joints, the ordinary reinforced concrete beam-column joints take inconvenience to construction. Cracked fiber renforced concrete (FRC) has strong bridge ability and better tensile performance so that it can replace part or all of the stirrups. Based on previous researches on resistance mechanism of reinforced concrete joints, a new model using FRC materials in the core zone of beam-column joints is presented. It is a kind of model in which horizontal shear supported by the diagonal strut mechanism and softening truss mechanism with a certain percentage. The calculation results of the model is compared with the existing test results. It is a bit conservative to specimens with low axial load ratio. However, the results are in line with the specimens with high axial load ratio. Therefore, the results totally demonstrate the rationality of the proposed model in this paper. Meanwhile, according to the proposed model, the shear capacity of beam-column joints can be not only calculated, it also check whether FRC compressive strength in core zone of joints and horizontal stirrup ratio meets design requirements, which has a higher practicability.     

Full-Scale Test and Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Column Node in Space Truss Structure

To investigate mechanical behavior and seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular column node (CFSTCN) in space truss structure, both full-scale test and Finite Element Method (FEM) were employed. The test load was 1.6 times of design load and by incremental step loading. Meanwhile, stress and deformation in CFSTCN were observed to monitor bearing capacity of the node. The results show that steel tubular works in elastic state and a small part of concrete beyond of compressive stress limits; steel tube and concrete adhesive well. The hysteretic energy dissipation capacity and failure mode under cyclic loading were revealed by nonlinear FEM. weakest position and ultimate bearing capacity of the node were obtained from FEM results. The method of combining full-scale test and FEM can well reveal the mechanical behavior and the seismic behavior of the node.     

Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened With Ferrocement Mortar

Experimental research on flexural behavior of the different grade RC beams strengthened with ferrocement mortar through six RC beams is carried out. The matching of original component concrete to the composite mortar strength rank is studied and its influence on bending strength, the crack-resisting capacity and the bending stiffness of RC beams is analyzed. Based on plane cross-section assumption and the experimental results, the formulas of the theoretical ultimate strength capacity and stiffness are brought forward. The calculated results fit well with the experimental results, to provide a theoretical reference for actual engineering designs.     

Design Method of Moment-strengthening on Tension Side When Load Un removed

Based on the linear strain distribution assumption, strain development of tensile bars and ultimate moment capacity of strengthening section, which strengthened on tension side with service load un removed, is investigated. It is showed that the higher the service load bending moment to original moment capacity ratio M 1k /M u1 is, the smaller the tensile strain of strengthening re barsis, and the more the amount of strengthening re barsis, the smaller the tensile strain of original re barsis. It also showed that,When original re bar area is relatively small and strengthening re bar area is adequate, both original and strengthening re bars may get yielded and a great increment in section moment capacity is achieved, even though the ration M 1k M u1 has a relatively high value.